[The role of entomology in malaria control]. / Znachenie éntomologicheskikh issledovanii v bor'be s maliariei.

The significance of main parts of entological work in malaria epidemiology and control is discussed. The role of entomologists is very important, but the present-day entological services in Russia are almost destroyed. This situation is very dangerous in the context of malaria resurgence.

[The seasonal course in the population count of Anopheles in northern Tajikistan]. / Sezonnyi khod chislennosti Anopheles v Severnom Tadzhikistane.

An. claviger is the only numerous species of malaria mosquitos in the mountain village of Bulgary in the Ura-Tyube District and this species occurs only in spring and autumn. An. hyrcanus and An. martinius predominated on the plane in a rice-growing region in the Syr Darya bottom land; the populations of these mosquitos were numerous starting from the end of July till the end of September, the peak being recorded in August. Among mosquitos attacking man An. hyrcanus predominated and only two An. pulcherrimus females occurred. In a mountainous river region with rice fields (Isfara District), "lights" An. martinius and An. superpictus forms predominated, whereas in spring and autumn An. martinius "dark" form prevailed. The population density of all mosquitos increased in August-September with the peak in the second half of August.

[Seasonal variability in the insecticide resistance and irritability of Anopheles superpictus]. / Sezonnaia izmenchivost' rezistentnosti i razdrazhimosti k insektitsidam u Anopheles superpictus.

The resistance and irritability to malathion, fenitrothion, propoxur and DDT (WHO insecticide impregnated papers) in Anopheles superpictus from Dangara District were determined three times in season. Complete susceptibility to malathion, fenitrothion and DDT and low resistance to propoxur probably based on knockdown mechanism were noticed. DDT and malathion irritability levels were high, and those for fenitrothion and propoxur were lower. During the season irritability to malathion and fenitrothion (organophosphorous compounds) was slightly decreasing, and in contrast was increasing to propoxur (carbamate). Irritability to DDT (organochloride) considerably fell down in August and achieved the initial level in September again. None of the tested insecticides can be recommended for residual spraying in Dangara District because of high irritability levels in mosquitos or danger of its rapid increase after onset of spraying.

[The specific nature of the irritability to fenitrothion and malathion in blood-sucking mosquitoes]. / Spetsificheskii kharakter razdrazhimosti k fenitrotionu i malationu u krovososushchikh komarov.

Several populations of malaria mosquitos were previously discovered to have different irritability to two insecticides of the organophosphorous group, such as fenitrothion and malathion. Individual comparison of fenitrothion and malathion irritability levels in laboratory colonies of Anopheles stephensi, An. atroparvus, Culex pipiens, Aedes aegypti, and Ae. togoi and in the natural population of An. martinius has shown that irritability to the two chemicals is specific in all the six species. This is probably due to recognizing the insecticide molecules by means of a so-called "living group" which has different structure in fenitrothion and malathion.

[Trials of the insecticides Icon and Ficam against mosquitoes in the southern USSR]. / Ispytaniia insektitsidov aikona i fikama protiv komarov na iuge SSSR.

Two residual insecticides (Icon 10% WP, ICI and Ficam W 80% WP, CAMCO) were in 1989 tested in field trials in Tajikistan, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan against Anopheles superpictus, An. sacharovi, An. pulcherrimus, An. martinius, Culex pipiens, Aedes caspius, and Ae. vexans. In dosages recommended by the producing companies (0.025 g/m2 a. i. for Icon and 0.4 g/m2 for Ficam), the above preparations showed residual action during 2-3 months. Icon and Ficam did not cause irritability and repellency in mosquito, which did not migrate to unsprayed rooms of cattle sheds. In areas where the experimental trials were large-scale, a stable decrease in mosquito density was achieved. An insecticide action of ICON was also noted on house flies, cockroaches, bed bugs, fleas and spiders.

[The utilization of the basic theoretical tenets of V. N. Beklemishev in modern biomedical science and practice]. / Ispol'zovanie osnovnykh teoreticheskikh polozhenii V. N. Beklemisheva v sovremennoi mediko-biologicheskoi nauke i praktike.

A brief review of the basic theoretical concepts of an outstanding Soviet zoologist V. N. Beklemishev in the field of parasitology, general epidemiology, medical entomology, theory of evolution is presented. The influence of Beklemishev's theoretical concepts on modern science and practice is discussed, prospects for the use and development of those concepts are reviewed.

[The reconstitution of a laboratory colony of Anopheles superpictus]. / Vossozdanie laboratornoi kolonii Anopheles superpictus.

The laboratory self-reproducing colony An. superpictus was generated. The basis for the colony was Stages I and II larvae collected in the localities of Dushanbe. Adult mosquitoes were kept in hutches of 0.2 m3 in volume, rabbits are used as donors. The larvae are fed with the mixture which had been used while generating laboratory colony An. sacharovi. Since the creation of the colony and until recently (1.5 years) 30 generations have superseded in it.

[Standardization of a method for determining the irritability of mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) to insecticides]. / O standartizatsii metoda opredeleniia razdrazhimosti komarov (Diptera, Culicidae) k insektitsidam.

The method for determining mosquito irritability with insecticides recommended by the WHO has some drawbacks, which make the results less valuable. An improved method for determining the irritability is developed, in which WHO standard instruments and WHO insecticide paper are applied. It is suggested that the same specimens be used both in experiment and control, and spontaneously active females be removed from the experiment. It is recommended to calculate mosquito distribution from the degree of irritability. In determining the degree of irritability some motor activity in between flights should be taken into account. In each group average number of flights is calculated within 10 min. contact with insecticide. It is shown that a single experiment with every population is sufficient for obtaining true results if the size of experimental sample is 50 females.

[The inheritance of irritability to insecticides in malarial mosquitoes]. / Nasledovanie razdrazhimosti k insektitsidam u maliariinykh komarov.

Mosquito populations are not uniform in irritability to insecticides. Due to this reason presentation of the test results as an average number of one mosquito's flights during 10 or 15 minutes contact with insecticide paper does not reflect infrapopulation differences. It is proposed to divide mosquitoes into 3 groups: not irritable (0-1 flight per 10 minutes of contact), moderately irritable (2-9 flights), and highly irritable (10 and more). For the irritability tests only mosquitoes with 0-1 flight (during contact with control paper) were taken. Spontaneously irritable mosquitoes (2 and more flights in control) may become the reason of erroneous results. Yearly and seasonal changes of irritability level in different Anopheles species depending on the insecticide spraying intensity are shown. First proof of the inherited irritability to insecticides and specificity of this quality is obtained. Indirect data indicate that probably polygenic inheritance of irritability takes place in Anopheles.

[Sandfly fauna (Phlebotominae) of the People's Republic of Mozambique]. / K faune moskitov (Phlebotominae) Narodnoi Respubliki Mozambik.

Only 3 sandfly species were recorded from Mozambique before the present investigation. In March 1983 several sandflies were collected on oiled paper in three holes and rodent burrows near the town of Tete. These are Sergentomyia (Sergentomyia) congolensis (Bequaert et Walrveus), 1930 (males and females), S. (S.) teteica sp. n. (female and male) and S. sp. (a male presumably belonging to the subgenus Capensomyia). Their descriptions are given and taxonomic status is discussed.