[Morphology of experimental pneumoconiosis developing after exposure to lunar soil]. / Morfologiia éksperimental'nogo pnevmokonioza, razvivaiushchegosia pod vozdeistviem lunnogo grunta.

Intratracheal administration to rats of a thin fraction of lunar material delivered by the Luna-16 automatic station from the Sea of Abundance gives rise to pneumoconiosis. The disease is characterized by the formation of granulation tissue consisting of lymphoid cells, macrophages, fibroblasts and cell cooperations (rosettes), by thickening of the basal layer of the aerohematic barrier, by the development of the immune process, blockade of the terminal parts of the lymphatic network, and by the development of the fibrous process. As regards the intensity of fibrous tissue formation, the lunar material might be attributed to the group of weak-fibrogenous dust as compared, for instance, with quartz.

[Types of filariasis]. / Filiariatozy.

On the basis of the work in tropical Africa the authors describe the diseases little known in the Soviet Union: wuchereriosis and onchocerciasis. Wide international contacts with countries of hot climate (Asia, Africa, America) as well as the possibility of infection of Soviet people living in these regions for long periods do not exclude importation of these highly communicable diseases into the country. The epidemiology, clinical patterns and pathological anatomy of wuchereriosis and onchocerciasis are presented briefly. Recommendations are given on the diagnosis of these diseases. As their clinical picture is not typical, these diseases can be diagnosed only by morphological studies.

[Electron microscopic study of the tissue reaction of lungs exposed to quartz dust of varying dispersity]. / Elektronno-mikroskopicheskoe izucheniu osobennostei tkanevoi reaktsii legkikh pri deistvii kvartsevoi pyli razlichnoi disperchosti.

The tissue reaction of the lungs exposed to quartz dust of varying dispersity was studied by light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. It is suggested that specific clinical manifestations of dust pathology are related to dispersity of silica. The largest quartz-containing dust particles give rise chiefly to the development of dust bronchitis. The most cytotoxic "medium" fractions lead to appearance of nodular forms of silicosis, whereas highly dispersed dust particles of quartz give rise to the development of diffusive sclerotic changes in the lungs.

[Morphologic features of erythrocytes in normal subjects and in anemia caused by lead poisoning (electron microscopic study)]. / Morfologicheskie osobennosti eritrotsitov v norme i pri anemii, vyzvannoi intoksikatsiei svintsom (elektronno-mikroskopicheskoe issledovanie).

The methods of scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to study erythrocytes from normal subjects and those suffering from anemia of lead poisoning genesis. Erythrocytes from normal subjects were shown to have predominantly convex-concave and biconcave shapes. An insignificant portion of ageing erythrocytes of spherical shape and decreased volume had granular surface and consolidated hemoglobin. Normally, in addition to the above-mentioned cells, erythrocytes with an abnormal relief occur: with perforating openings, crypt-like recesses, tubercles and processes. In anemia, the number of atypical erythrocytes increased many-fold. The process of sequestration and fragmentation of hemoglobin-containing particles is one of the mechanisms of anemia development.

[Cytopharmacologic effect of using polyvinylpyridine-N-oxide in experimental silicosis]. / Tsitofarmakologicheskii éffekt primeneniia polivinilpiridin-N-oksida pri éksperimental'nom silikoze

Methods of scanning, transmission electron microscopy and cytochemistry were applied to the study of the development of experimental silicosis against the background of polyvinylpyridine-N-oxide administration. The majority of the macrophages retained their functional activity and realized quartz phagocytosis, eliminating it through the airway. Bringing the proteins on the cell surface in the fibroblasts was delayed, and formation of collagen fibers decreased. Application of the polymere prevented development of fibrosis of the lungs.

[Fibroblast differentiation during collagen formation]. / Differentsirovka fibroblastov v protsesse kollagenoobrazovaniia.

The successive differentiation in the series lymphocyte--(lymphocyte-type cell--precursor)--weakly differentiated cell (polyblast)--profibroblast--fibroblast was shown by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In the focus of aseptic inflammation and in the zones of pneumosclerosis (silicosis), the ultrastructural and cytochemical cell rearrangement took place which was accompanied by the development of protein synthesizing organelles and the formation of folded surface. The collagen fibers run from the surface of the differentiated fibroblasts in the ground substance and preserve the direction of their growth with respect to the spatial position of cells.

[Characteristics of the terminal segments of the lymphatic system of microcirculation according to the data of scanning electron microscopy]. / Kharakteristika terminal'nykh otdelov limfaticheskogo zvena mikrotsirkuliatsii po dannym skaniruiushchei elektronnoi mikroskopii

Lymphatic capillaries and postcapillaries in the system of the connective tissue were studied by the method of scanning (raster) electron microscopy. It was shown that these capillaries consisted of chains of ballon-shaped structures-sinuses. Lymphatic capillaries represent an open system which is communicated with the intercellular matter of the connective tissue by means of openings ensuring filtration of the tissue liquid. Impairment of the absorbing function in the fibrous process in the lungs led to deposition in connective tissue cells of cellular detritus and foreign particles with formation around the walls of lymphatic capillaries and postcapillaries of residue-collector zones. Overgrowth of a rough fibrous tissue around these zones brought about atrophy and obliteration of vessels, gradual attenuation of the drenage function in the given region of microcirculation.

[Study of aseptic inflammation using the scanning electron microscope]. / Izuchenie asepticheskogo vospaleniia s pomoshch'iu skaniruiushchego élekronnogo mikroskopa

A focus of inflammation in the subcutaneous connective tissue in white rats was investigated in a scanning electron microscope. Lymphocytes, polyblasts, macrophages, fibroblasts, collagenous fibres, gigantic multinuclear cells, vessels are described. Similiarity in the form and structure of the surface in agranulocytes of the blood, polyblasts and macrophages was established. A considerable change in morphology of fibroblasts, particularly in the period of synthesis os of the cell, was observed. Collagenous fibres and fibroblasts played a leading role in the creation of the supporting-mechanical carcass and in spatial structure of the regenerating connective tissue.

[Morphofunctional state of pulmonary macrophages and their biological protection during phagocytosis of toxic elements]. / Morfofunktsional'noe sostoianie makrofagov legkikh i ikh biologicheskaia zashchita pri fagotsitoze toksicheskikh élementov

Studies of a morphofunctional state of macrophages of the lungs of rats in phagocytosis of quartz (size of particles 1-2 mum) and against the background of prophylactic administration of polyvinylridine-N-oxyde (PVNO) were carried out using the method of quantitative cytochemistry (interference microscopy and cytometry) and electron-microscopy techniques (raster and transmissive). It was established that administration of PVNO led to intensification of the phagocytic activity of macrophages, increase in the content of RNA and dry weight (total proteins) therein, enlargement of the sizes of cells. The electron-microscopy investigation showed a good preservation of organelles of macrophages.

[Cellular contacts and "cytoplasmic bridges" in the inflammation focus (scanning and transmission electron microscopic study)]. / Kletochnye kontakty i "tsitoplazmaticheskie mostiki" v ochage vospaleniia (skaniruiushchee i transmissionnoe elektronno-mikroskopicheskoe issledovanie)

Contacts between cells in an inflammation focus were studied by the methods of scanning (raster) and transmission electron microscopy on a model of aseptic inflammation in the subcutaneous connective tissue in rats. It is shown that contacts among the cells of the connective tissue and the blood in the form of "cytoplasmatic bridges", observed in the scanning electron microscope, were not confirmed by the studies in the transmission microscope. The investigation of the "cytoplasmatic bridges" in the transmission electron microscope revealed a close adjacence of the cytolemma of the contacting cells, or a harrow space between them as wide as 10-30 micron.

[The structure of fibroblasts and the fibrous structures of connective tissue according to raster electron microscopic findings]. / Stroenie fibroblastov i voloknistykh struktur soedinitel'noi tkani po dannym rastrovoi élektronnoi mikroskopii

Raster electron-microscopy investigations of the structure of fibroblasts and fibrous structures of the connective tissue of the lung, lymph nodes capsules, epicardium of the heart of rats in the norm and in experimental silicosis were carried out. It is shown that collagenous fibrillas, aggregating into fibres and bundles, form multilooped supporting carcass for the man matter. In silicosis the supporting carcass is thicker, the volume of the main matter is smaller. Fibrocytes are of roupher outlines and contain no reticulum of collagenous fibrillas on their surface.