RESUMO
A captive female dugong at Toba Aquarium (Japan) was examined to describe the microbiota of its lower digestive tracts using the molecular-biological technique, a culture-independent method. The phylogenetic analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes was conducted for fecal samples, which were taken at 3 different periods. Based on phylogenetic analysis of these sequences, the representatives of six bacterial phyla could be identified: Actinobacteria (0.7%), Bacteroidetes (15%), Firmicutes (83.1%), Lentisphaerae (0.1%), Proteobacteria (0.1%), and Verrucomicrobia (1.0%), suggesting the existence of bacterial species newly found not only in the digestive tract but also in natural field.
Assuntos
Animais de Zoológico/microbiologia , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Dugong/microbiologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Animais , Bactérias/genética , Feminino , Genes de RNAr , Japão , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Levels of urinary progesterone and estradiol-17 beta were measured twice a week in a female dugong, Dugong dugon, in captivity for two years from April 1996 to April 1998. The dugong showed 14 ovarian cycles during the period of study. Concentrations of progesterone ranged from 0.01 ng/mg creatinine (Cr) to 1.94 ng/mg Cr and the length of estrous cycle was 53.6+/-8.6 (mean+/-SEM) days based on intervals of urinary progesterone peak-to-peak measurements. Concentrations of urinary estradiol-17 beta ranged from 0.9pg/mgCr to 23.7pg/mgCr, and tended to peak just prior to elevations of progesterone during the first year of study. This is the first report demonstrates that the ovulatory cycle of the dugong is about 50 days. The present findings suggest that measurement of urinary progesterone is a useful method to detect ovarian cycle of the dugong in captivity.
Assuntos
Animais de Zoológico/urina , Dugong/urina , Estradiol/urina , Progesterona/urina , Animais , Ciclo Estral/fisiologia , Ciclo Estral/urina , Feminino , Estações do Ano , TemperaturaRESUMO
The Ras-related small GTPase RalA is involved in controlling actin cytoskeletal remodelling and vesicle transport in mammalian cells. We identified the mammalian homologue of Sec5, a subunit of the exocyst complex determining yeast cell polarity, as a specific binding partner for GTP-ligated RalA. Inhibition of RalA binding to Sec5 prevents filopod production by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) and by activated forms of RalA and Cdc42, signalling intermediates downstream of these inflammatory cytokines. We propose that the RalA-exocyst complex interaction integrates the secretory and cytoskeletal pathways.