Anti-A1Leb: a mind boggler.

The Lewis blood group system is unique because antigens are neither alleles of the same gene nor are they synthesized by red blood cells (RBCs); rather, they are adsorbed onto the RBC membrane from plasma as glycolipids. Antibodies against Lewis antigens are predominantly naturally occurring immunoglobulin (Ig)M type that sometimes react at 37°C and the antihuman globulin phase. Lewis compound antigens, ALeb and BLeb, have been described that were confirmed because of the presence of antibodies against them. These compound antigens are the result of an interaction between ABO, H, SE, and LE genes.The Lewis blood group system is unique because antigens are neither alleles of the same gene nor are they synthesized by red blood cells (RBCs); rather, they are adsorbed onto the RBC membrane from plasma as glycolipids. Antibodies against Lewis antigens are predominantly naturally occurring immunoglobulin (Ig)M type that sometimes react at 37°C and the antihuman globulin phase. Lewis compound antigens, ALeb and BLeb, have been described that were confirmed because of the presence of antibodies against them. These compound antigens are the result of an interaction between ABO, H, SE, and LE genes.

Prevalence of biofilm producing aerobic bacterial isolates in burn wound infections at a tertiary care hospital in northern India.

Burn wounds frequently get infected due to a break in skin integrity and prolonged hospitalization. Microbial flora originating from the patient's own flora colonize and infect the burn wounds. Bacterial biofilms in particular are postulated as the culprit for the development of non-healing burn wounds by inducing chronic inflammation in these patients. In the present study, 190 wound isolates obtained from patients admitted to the burn ward at the Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, were evaluated for biofilm formation along with Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST). Biofilm detection was done by modified Tissue Culture Plate method and AST was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. A total of 190 isolates were studied, which included Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Citrobacter spp., Escherichia coli and Enterobacter spp. Of these, 68.9% isolates showed biofilm formation. Biofilm formation was more common in Pseudomonas aeruginosa followed by Klebsiella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. Biofilm producing isolates showed greater multidrug resistance than non-biofilm producers. In our study, a high rate of biofilm formation and antimicrobial drug resistance was seen.

Les zones brûlées sont fréquemment infectées, en raison de la lésion cutanée et de la longue durée d'hospitalisation. La colonisation et l'infection des zones brûlées sont le fait de la flore du patient. Le biofilm bactérien est suspecté responsable de l'absence de cicatrisation des brûlures, en raison de l'inflammation chronique qu'il entraîne. Dans cette étude, nous avons évalué, conjointement à leur antibiogramme, la capacité de formation de biofilm de 190 bactéries isolées chez des patients brûlés hospitalisés dans le service idoine de l'hôpital du Président Sharma PGIMS de Rothak. Les antibiogrammes étaient réalisées par méthode de diffusion en gélose, la recherche de formation de biofilm par culture tissulaire modifiée. Parmi les 190 bactéries isolées, on trouvait Staphylococcus aureus, SCN, Pseudomonas æruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Citrobacter spp., Escherichia coli et Enterobacter spp. La production de biofilm, observée sur 68,9% des souches était plus fréquente par Pseudomonas æruginosa, suivi de Klebsiella spp. et de Staphylococcus aureus. Les bactéries productrices de biofilm s'avéraient plus résistantes que les autres. Dans cette étude, la formation de biofilm et une antibiorésistance sont fréquemment observées.