RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hypertension (HTN) stands as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Identifying trends and disparities in HTN prevalence is vital for developing public health policies. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the trends and disparities in HTN prevalence among U.S. adults from 2019 to 2022. METHODS: Data from the CDC's National Health Interview Survey were utilized, with regression analysis including Joinpoint and ARIMA models performed by ChatGPT-4 to predict future trends. RESULTS: The study observed fluctuations in the overall prevalence of diagnosed HTN starting at 27.0% (95% CI: 26.4-27.7, 2019), and reaching 27.2% (95% CI: 26.5-27.8, 2022). Males consistently showed higher HTN rates than females throughout the study period, with male prevalence increasing from 27.2% (95% CI: 26.3-28.1, 2019) to 27.9% (95% CI: 27.0-28.8, 2022), while females experienced decline from 26.9% (95% CI: 26.1-27.8, 2019) to 26.5% (95% CI: 25.7-27.3, 2022). Southern U.S. exhibited the highest prevalence at 30.1% (95% CI: 29.1-31.2, 2022), compared to the lowest in the West at 22.5% (95% CI: 21.4-23.8). Black adults showed a higher prevalence of 34.4% (95% CI: 32.4-36.4, 2022) compared to White adults at 27.4% (95% CI: 26.7-28.2), and significantly lower rates were observed in Asian adults at 14.5% (95% CI: 7.4-24.5). CONCLUSION: This study highlights stable trends in HTN prevalence among U.S. adults from 2019 to 2022, with significant disparities by gender, region, and race, underscoring the need for targeted public health interventions to address these inequalities.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in the U.S. Understanding trends and potential disparities in CAD prevalence is crucial for public health strategies. OBJECTIVE: Examine trends and disparities in CAD prevalence among U.S. adults (2019-2022). METHODS: CDC's National Health Interview Survey's data was analyzed, employing regression analysis with Joinpoint and ARIMA models by ChatGPT-4 for trend forecasting. RESULTS: CAD prevalence among U.S. adults was relatively stable, increasing slightly from 4.6 % (95 % CI: 4.3-4.9) in 2019 to 4.9 % (95 % CI: 4.7-5.2) in 2022. Males experienced significant rise in prevalence, with an APC of 3.1 % (95 % CI: 1.45-4.85, p-value < 0.000001), increasing from 5.9 % to 6.4 %. Female prevalence also increased significantly, with APC of 2.0 % (95 % CI: 0.46-3.59, p-value = 0.003599), moving from 3.4 % to 3.6 %. Notable age-related disparities appeared, especially in those aged 75 and over, with rates peaking at 20.0 % in 2020 before decreasing to 19.7 % in 2022. Racial disparities revealed higher prevalence among White adults at 5.4 % and noticeable increase among Asian adults from 2.8 % to 3.8 %. Geographic factors also influenced prevalence, particularly outside metropolitan areas, Northeast, and South regions of US. Employment status influenced CAD rates and a lower prevalence observed in the employed (1.7 % to 1.9 %) compared to unemployed (9.9 % to 10.3 %). Veterans (13.4 % to 12.6 %) reported higher prevalence rates than non-veterans. ARIMA projections suggest stable prevalence until 2026. CONCLUSION: Despite stable overall prevalence, significant disparities exist. Targeted interventions are essential, particularly for high-risk demographics such as males, older adults, and veterans.
