Histories of violence among clients seeking substance use disorder treatment: a systematic mapping review.

Introduction: There is a limited literature base regarding the intersection of drug and alcohol treatment, violence, and trauma. While research substantiates that exposure to violence and trauma impacts the propensity to misuse substances, the conceptualization in clinical trials and practice has largely been narrow and gendered, referring only to intimate partner or domestic violence. Our systematic mapping review explored a more inclusive and expansive review of survivors of and perpetrators of violence and trauma (e.g., intimate partner violence, sexual assault, stalking, child abuse, political and community violence, criminal violence, micro violence, structural violence, and oppression) to establish: 1) the types of treatment settings included in intervention studies, 2) the common indicators of success or common outcomes recorded, and 3) understanding who is seeking treatment for drug and alcohol use with histories of violence. Methods: A systematic mapping review was conducted to identify any peer-reviewed articles published from 2011 to 2022. The Web of Science database was searched using a broad set of Boolean search terms related to violence, substance use disorders, and treatment. Over 8,800 records were identified from the systematic review with a total of 48 articles meeting inclusion criteria. Results: Most studies in this review included populations reporting perpetration of violence (n=23, 48%) versus participants reporting survival of trauma/violence (n=17, 35%). Results also indicated female identifying populations (n=19; 40%) were predominantly served, were treated in the US (n=33; 69%) and seen in an outpatient setting (n=24; 50%). Authors also were attentive to studies that included sexual and gender minorities and discovered only three studies (6%) explicitly acknowledging inclusion of transgender participants or participants in relationship with partners of the same sex; three more studies (6%) were focused on participants with histories of or engaging in sex work. Discussion: This review outlines treatment and research implications directly situated in the gap of service delivery found in this review. Specifically, the results elucidate the impact on minoritized and excluded identities based on gender, sexual preference, criminal legal status and directions for research and treatment to increase inclusion, representation, and equity across research and treatment settings.

Sites of Possibilities: A Scoping Review to Investigate the Mentorship of Marginalized Social Work Doctoral Students.

PURPOSE: This scoping review investigates the state of mentorship for marginalized Social Work doctoral students. METHOD: A three member scoping review was performed to identify critical features and benefits of mentorship for marginalized Social Work doctoral students. RESULTS: A thorough review found eight articles discussing mentorship of marginalized Social Work doctoral students across different universities in the United States, with perspectives that prioritized comprehensive mentorship that addresses academic and personal goals. Themes were identified around the definitions of mentorship, applied theories of mentorship, and how mentorship is beneficial in the recruitment, retention, and success of Social Work doctoral students. DISCUSSION: There is limited research on the perspectives of Social Work doctoral students on their mentorship experiences and the capacity for faculty and institutions to provide positive mentoring experiences. Mentorship is crucial to the success of marginalized Social Work doctoral students. Marginalized doctoral students in Social Work, who may require additional support throughout the recruitment and retention processes, have limited opportunities for strong mentorship experiences. Further research and focus on mentorship for marginalized Social Work students is required.

Racial Discrimination of Adolescents With Special Healthcare Needs.

PURPOSE: Examine racial discrimination of adolescents of color by type of special healthcare need (SHCN). METHODS: Pooled cross-sectional data of youth over 10 years of age from 2018 to 2020 National Surveys of Children's Health were used (n = 48,220). Rates of discrimination by SHCN diagnoses within racial and ethnic groups were examined. RESULTS: Adolescents of color with SHCNs were almost twice as likely to experience racial discrimination as peers of color without SHCNs. Asian youth with SHCNs were over 3.5 times likely to experience racial discrimination as peers without. Youth with depression experienced highest rates of racial discrimination. Compared to peers without, Black youth with asthma or a genetic disorder, and Hispanic youth with autism or intellectual disabilities, experienced higher rates of racial discrimination. DISCUSSION: SHCN status heightens racial discrimination for adolescents of color. However, this risk was not uniform by racial or ethnic group for every SHCN type.

VIOLENCE, TRAUMA, AND COLONIALISM: A STRUCTURAL APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING THE POLICY LANDSCAPE OF INDIGENOUS REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE.

Indigenous peoples in the U.S. have the highest rates of violence against women, disproportionate representation in the child welfare system, and exorbitant amounts of traumatic injuries among all ethnic groups within the U.S. yet discussions of trauma and violence against Native communities fail to consider the ongoing influence of settler colonialism. Too often trauma-focused work takes an individualist approach while policy work focuses on the collective, leading to a siloed approach in which micro-trauma work misses policy influences and in which policy work fails to seriously consider the ongoing trauma and violence experienced by Native Nations. Through the application of three Indigenous theoretical models that account for both historic and ongoing colonial influence, this work introduces relevant issues in the policy landscape of reproductive justice for Indigenous communities that are essential for trauma scholars and practitioners to understand.

Evidence Mapping: Interventions for American Indian and Alaska Native Youth Mental Health.

Background: Suicide is the second leading cause of death for Native youth aged 15-24. Similarly, Native youth have a suicide rate 1.5 times higher than the general population and are at higher risk for depression and substance use. A persistent need remains for culturally specific mental health interventions for American Indian youth.Methods: In response to the push for research-supported interventions, evidence mapping has emerged as systematic, rigorous, and replicable analysis of evidence. The overall goal of this study is to utilize evidence mapping for mental health interventions for American Indian youth.Results: A total of 9 interventions were mapped as research-supported interventions for American Indian mental health. The interventions fell into one or more of four main categories: school-based services, cultural adaptations, culture as treatment, and community involvement.Discussion: Results of this study demonstrate the strength of culturally specific mental health interventions for American Indian youth. Future research should seek to evaluate promising practices for American Indian youth in order to increase available research-supported interventions. Additionally, future endeavors should seek to combine both Indigenous and Western approaches to practice with a particular focus on holistic wellness.