RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable coronary artery disease does not reduce the risk of death and myocardial infarction compared with optimal medical therapy (OMT), but many patients think otherwise. PCI Choice, a decision aid (DA), was designed for use during the clinical visit and includes information on quality of life and mortality outcomes for PCI with OMT versus OMT alone for stable coronary artery disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a randomized trial to assess the impact of the PCI Choice DA compared with usual care when there is a choice between PCI and optimal medical therapy. Primary outcomes were patient knowledge and decisional conflict, and the secondary outcome was an objective measure of shared decision making. A total of 124 patients were eligible for final analysis. Knowledge was higher among patients receiving the DA compared with usual care (60% DA; 40% usual care; P=0.034), and patients felt more informed (P=0.043). Other measures of decisional quality were not improved, and engagement of the patient by the clinician in shared decision making did not change with use of the DA. There was evidence that clinicians used the DA as an educational tool. CONCLUSIONS: The PCI Choice DA improved patient knowledge but did not significantly impact decisional quality. Further work is needed to effectively address clinician knowledge gaps in shared decision-making skills, even in the context of carefully designed DAs. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/. Unique identifier: NCT01771536.
Assuntos
Fármacos Cardiovasculares/uso terapêutico , Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Seleção de Pacientes , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Idoso , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/efeitos adversos , Comportamento de Escolha , Conflito Psicológico , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/mortalidade , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Minnesota , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologia , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Participação do Paciente , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/mortalidade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We aimed to determine whether smoking status affects the recurrence of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter in patients after cardioversion. The clinical data of patients undergoing cardioversion for atrial flutter from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2005 were prospectively collected. Arrhythmia recurrences were detected by retrospective review of comprehensive medical records and were determined using electrocardiography. The smoking history was prospectively collected through a standardized clinical form and subsequently categorized as lifetime nonsmoker, exsmoker, or current smoker. Univariate and multivariate associations with end points for clinical and lifestyle variables were assessed with Cox proportional hazards models. Women who were current smokers at cardioversion had a greater risk of atrial arrhythmia recurrence than did nonsmokers (hazard ratio 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.10 to 2.67, p = 0.02). The increased risk of arrhythmia recurrence in female smokers was not seen in male smokers. Compared to lifetime nonsmokers, the mortality hazard ratio among men was 1.18 (95% confidence interval 0.88 to 1.58; p = 0.28) in exsmokers and 1.93 (95% confidence interval 1.20 to 3.11; p = 0.007) in current smokers. The risk of death after cardioversion was not increased in women. In conclusion, smoking is an independent predictor of atrial arrhythmia recurrence after cardioversion in women; however, an increased mortality risk, but not arrhythmia recurrence risk, was seen in men.
