RESUMO
A three-part study was conducted to determine the efficacy of isometamidium chloride in donkey populations naturally infected with trypanosomes in north Omo Zone, southern Ethiopia. In the first, 373 randomly selected donkeys from four villages were examined for trypanosome infections by the dark ground/phase contrast buffy coat technique (BCT) in November 1999. The trypanosome prevalence was 18.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 14.4, 22.5) and Trypanosoma congolense was the most common species accounting for 66.2% of the overall infections. In the second part, 40 infected donkeys were selected and treated with a prophylactic dose of 1.0mg/kg of isometamidium chloride and thereafter monitored every 14 days for 90 days. Trypanosomes were detected in eight donkeys within 1 month and in 20 donkeys within 2 months of treatment. About 16% (5/32) of donkeys infected with T. congolense were detected parasitemic 1 month after treatment. In addition, the result also revealed that all relapse/breakthrough infections were due to T. congolense. In the third part of this study mice were infected with two T. congolense field isolates from donkeys that were found to be parasitemic within 1 or 2 months after isometamidium treatment. The mice were treated with ranges of doses of isometamidium chloride or diminazene aceturate and thereafter followed for relapse infection. Isometamidium chloride at doses 0.5-4 mg/kg body weight and diminazene aceturate at doses of 3.5-28 mg/kg body weight failed completely to cure T. congolense infections in any of the mice.
Assuntos
Diminazena/farmacologia , Equidae/parasitologia , Fenantridinas/farmacologia , Tripanossomicidas/farmacologia , Trypanosoma congolense/efeitos dos fármacos , Tripanossomíase Africana/veterinária , Animais , Estudos Transversais , Diminazena/análogos & derivados , Diminazena/uso terapêutico , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos , Etiópia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Camundongos , Fenantridinas/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Tripanossomicidas/uso terapêutico , Tripanossomíase Africana/tratamento farmacológico , Tripanossomíase Africana/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Health services to the refugees are based on a four-tier system linked by referral and supervisory arrangement and is consistent with the policy of the Ministry of Health. As with all refugee populations; the health status has to be compared with the levels achieved before immigration and also with those of the neighbouring host population. The health and nutritional status of the refugees under the care and maintenance programme; both in the East and West; is quite stable on the whole and at least comparable to; if not better than; that of the local population
