Lessons from the historical dynamics of environmental law enforcement in the Brazilian Amazon.

Here, we analyze critical changes in environmental law enforcement in the Brazilian Amazon between 2000 and 2020. Based on a dataset of law enforcement indicators, we discuss how these changes explain recent Amazon deforestation dynamics. Our analysis also covers changes in the legal prosecution process and documents a militarization of enforcement between 2018 and 2022. From 2004 to 2018, 43.6 thousand land-use embargoes and 84.3 thousand fines were issued, targeting 3.3 million ha of land, and totaling USD 9.3 billion in penalties. Nevertheless, enforcement relaxed and became spatially more limited, signaling an increasing lack of commitment by the State to enforcing the law. The number of embargoes and asset confiscations dropped by 59% and 55% in 2019 and 2020, respectively. These changes were accompanied by a marked increase in enforcement expenditure, suggesting a massive efficiency loss. More importantly, the creation of so-called conciliation hearings and the centralization of legal processes in 2019 reduced the number of actual judgments and fines collected by 85% and decreased the ratio between lawsuits resulting in paid fines over filed ones from 17 to 5%. As Brazil gears up to crack-down on illegal deforestation once again, our assessment suggests urgent entry points for policy action.

Multiresidue Determination of Growth Promoters in Bovine Serum using QuEChERS and UHPLC-Q-ORBITRAP: Validation and In Vivo Study.

A reliable method using a QuEChERS approach and liquid chromatography coupled to Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry was optimized and validated for the quantification of 20 growth promoters in bovine serum. The recoveries ranged from 91.4-114.1%, relative standard deviations varied between 0.3-4.0%, and CCα values were between 0.023-0.350 µg L-1. The developed method was applied in an in vivo study using steers, which were intramuscularly treated with commercial injections containing stanozolol. A rapid metabolization was observed, with a detection window ranging from 3 to 10 days. The stability of incurred stanozolol was confirmed after 240 days at -20 °C and also after 5 freeze-thaw cycles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in which an in vivo study was performed to support the monitoring of stanozolol in bovine serum. In addition, the use of Q-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry allows for retrospective analysis from a surveillance perspective.

Characteristics of intramuscular collagen in calf-fed Nellore bulls and steers throughout the finishing phase.

This study evaluated collagen solubility and gene expression of biomarkers for intramuscular collagen (IMCT) deposition and remodeling in the Longissimus muscle of bulls and steers through the finishing phase. Thirty-six Nellore calves were used (18 bulls and 18 steers), and six of each sexual condition were randomly assigned to be harvested at 0, 100, or 200 days on feed (DOF) to evaluate collagen characteristics in different time points throughout the finishing phase. Bulls showed a greater collagen solubility than steers (P = 0.03). The gene expression of fibrogenic markers (TGFß1, COL1A1, and COL3A1) and IMCT remodeling mediators (MMPII, TIMPII, and LOX) were not affected by sexual condition or DOF (P > 0.05). Our data indicate that young Nellore bulls have a higher percentage of soluble intramuscular collagen, possibly due to higher collagen remodeling associated with a faster growth rate and muscle hypertrophy. Moreover, castration and DOF did not modify mRNA levels of fibrogenic and collagen remodeling markers.

Determination of the lactose content in low-lactose milk using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and convolutional neural network.

Demand for low lactose milk and milk products has been increasing worldwide due to the high number of people with lactose intolerance. These low lactose dairy foods require fast, low-cost and efficient methods for sugar quantification. However, available methods do not meet all these requirements. In this work, we propose the association of FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy with artificial intelligence to identify and quantify residual lactose and other sugars in milk. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) were built from the infrared spectra without preprocessing the data using hyperparameter adjustment and saliency map. For the quantitative prediction of the sugars in milk, a regression model was proposed, while for the qualitative assessment, a classification model was used. Raw, pasteurized and ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk was added with lactose, glucose, and galactose in six concentrations (0.1-7.0 mg mL-1) and, in total, 432 samples were submitted to convolutional neural network. Accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, root mean square error, mean square error, mean absolute error, and coefficient of determination (R2) were used as evaluation parameters. The algorithms indicated a predictive capacity (accuracy) above 95% for classification, and R2 of 81%, 86%, and 92% for respectively, lactose, glucose, and galactose quantification. Our results showed that the association of FTIR spectra with artificial intelligence tools, such as CNN, is an efficient, quick, and low-cost methodology for quantifying lactose and other sugars in milk.

In Vivo Administration of Stanozolol in Cattle: Depletion and Stability Studies Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap.

An in vivo study was performed in order to evaluate the depletion time of stanozolol and its main metabolites using naturally incurred urine sample collected after the administration of intramuscular injections in 12 steers. A stability study was also carried out to investigate the influence of the storage period and the freeze-thaw cycles. A fast parent drug metabolization was observed, because within 6 h after drug administration, the signal of the metabolite 16ß-hydroxystanozolol was predominant. After the second drug administration, a detection window of 17 days was obtained. The stability was studied using ANOVA, in which a storage condition of -20 °C proved stable during 240 days, which was also confirmed after 5 freeze-thaw cycles.

A novel strategy for the detection of boldenone undecylenate misuse in cattle using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry: From non-targeted to targeted.

In this work multivariate strategies were employed in order to highlight new potential biomarkers of interest to detect the exogenous treatment of steers intramuscularly treated with boldenone undecylenate. Serum samples collected from treated (n = 4) and control (n = 8) crossbred animals of varying ages and weights were extracted using a simple sample preparation procedure based on salt assisted liquid-liquid extraction. Data acquisition was performed using liquid chromatography and Q-Exactive™ Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Data processing and treatment were performed using two non-targeted workflows: (1) Compound Discoverer software and (2) XCMS package on the open-source R software combined with MetaboAnalyst. Three potential biomarkers were highlighted taking into account the chromatographic shapes, the feature location on the generated s-plots, the fold change, the adjusted p values, the coefficient of variation in the QC samples and the area under the ROC curves. Predicted formulas based on mass accuracy, structural composition and spectra similarity were proposed. A robust statistical model to predict the boldenone treatment was further developed based on the weighted abundances of the selected biomarkers. The requirements for screening methods were successfully fulfilled, together with a wider detection window in comparison with the monitoring of the deconjugated metabolite boldenone, although biomarker identification studies are still ongoing.

Detection of adulterations in a valuable Brazilian honey by using spectrofluorimetry and multiway classification.

Spectrofluorimetry combined with multiway chemometric tools were applied to discriminate pure Aroeira honey samples from samples adulterated with corn syrup, sugar cane molasses and polyfloral honey. Excitation emission spectra were acquired for 232 honey samples by recording excitation from 250 to 500 nm and emission from 270 to 640 nm. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), unfolded PLS-DA (UPLS-DA) and multilinear PLS-DA (NPLS-DA) methods were used to decompose the spectral data and build classification models. PLS-DA models presented poor classification rates, demonstrating the limitation of the traditional two-way methods for this dataset, and leading to the development of three-way classification models. Overall, UPLS-DA provided the best classification results with misclassification rates of 4% and 8% for the training and test sets, respectively. These results showed the potential of the proposed method for routine laboratory analysis as a simple, reliable, and affordable tool.

Pegylated LyeTx I-b peptide is effective against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in an in vivo model of pneumonia and shows reduced toxicity.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has been warning about the importance of developing new drugs against superbugs. Antimicrobial peptides are an alternative in this context, most of them being involved in innate immunity, acting in various ways, and some even showing synergism with commercial antimicrobial agents. LyeTx I-b is a synthetic peptide derived from native LyeTx I, originally isolated from Lycosa erythrognatha spider venom. Although LyeTx I-b is active against several multidrug-resistant bacteria, it shows some hemolytic and cytotoxic effects. To overcome this hindrance, in the present study we PEGylated LyeTx I-b and evaluated its toxicity and in vitro and in vivo activities on pneumonia caused by multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. PEGylated LyeTx I-b (LyeTx I-bPEG) maintained the same MIC value as the non- PEGylated peptide, showed anti-biofilm activity, synergistic effect with commercial antimicrobial agents, and did not induce resistance. Moreover, in vivo experiments showed its activity against pneumonia. Additionally, LyeTx I-bPEG reduced hemolysis up to 10 times, was approximately 2 times less cytotoxic to HEK-293 cells and 4 times less toxic to mice in acute toxicity models, compared to LyeTx I-b. Our results show LyeTx I-bPEG as a promising antimicrobial candidate, significantly active against pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant A. baumannii.

Official labeled and unlabeled Brazilian honey. Comparison between physicochemical, microbiological, and microscopic parameters / Miel brasileña oficial etiquetada y no etiquetada. Comparación entre parámetros fisicoquímicos, microbiológicos y microscópicos / Mel brasileiro oficialmente rotulado e não rotulado. Comparação entre parâmetros físico-químicos, microbiológicos e microscópicos

SUMMARY Introduction: Honey is a natural substance produced by bees mainly from flower nectar with high nutritional value. However, many commercialized samples are adulterated or falsified. Method: We bought twelve honey samples in markets in the city of Betim (Brazil) and analyzed their acidity, pH, electrical conductivity, insoluble matter, ashes, moisture content, presence of mesophile bacteria, molds, yeasts, total coliforms, Salmonella spp. and the presence of pollen grains. Results: Considering all honey samples, the average pH was 3.8 ± 0.5 and the average free acidity was 29.8 ± 6.6 mEq/kg. Considering acidity, we found the average of lactonic acidity 6.4 ± 2.4 mEq/kg and a total average acidity of 36.2 ± 6.9 mEq/kg. The average moisture content was 19.4 ± 1.0 %, the average electrical conductivity was 391.6 ± 168.6 μS/ cm, the average amount of ashes was 0.5 ± 0.8 % and the average insoluble matter was 0.08 ± 0.02 %. Only the moisture was significantly different between the two groups and ten honey samples had pollen grains. Conclusions: The quality parameters of the labeled and unlabeled samples were not significantly different, although two samples of unlabeled honey were fraudulent, mainly due to the absence of pollen grains. Identifying the presence or absence of pollen in the samples is a safe, economical, and reliable first step for verifying the authenticity of the honey.

RESUMEN Introducción: La miel es una sustancia natural producida por las abejas, principalmente, a partir del néctar de flores con alto valor nutricional. Sin embargo, muchas muestras comercializadas están adulteradas o falsificadas. Método: Compramos doce mieles en mercados de la ciudad de Betim (Brasil) y analizamos su acidez, pH, conductividad eléctrica, materia insoluble, cenizas, contenido de humedad, presencia de bacterias mesófilas, mohos, levaduras, coliformes totales, Salmonella spp. y la presencia de granos de polen. Resultados: Considerando todas las muestras de miel, el pH promedio fue de 3,8 ± 0,5 y la acidez libre promedio fue de 29,8 ± 6,6 mEq/kg. Considerando la acidez, encontramos el promedio de acidez lactónica 6,4 ± 2,4 mEq/kg y una acidez promedio total de 36,2 ± 6,9 mEq/kg. El contenido de humedad promedio fue 19,4 ± 1,0 %, la conductividad eléctrica promedio fue 391,6 ± 168,6 μS/crn, la cantidad promedio de cenizas fue 0,5 ± 0,8 % y la materia insoluble promedio fue 0,08 ± 0,02 %. Sólo la humedad fue significativamente diferente entre los dos grupos y diez de las muestras de miel tenían granos de polen. Conclusiones: Los parámetros de calidad de las muestras etiquetadas y no etiquetadas no fueron significativamente diferentes, aunque dos muestras de miel no etiquetadas fueron fraudulentas, debido a la ausencia de granos de polen. Identificar la presencia o ausencia de polen en las muestras es un primer paso seguro, económico y confiable para verificar la autenticidad de la miel.

RESUMO Introdução: O mel é uma substância natural produzida pelas abelhas principalmente a partir do néctar da flor com alto valor nutritivo. No entanto, muitas amostras comercializadas são adulteradas ou falsificadas. Método: Compramos doze méis em mercados da cidade de Betim (Brasil) e analisamos sua acidez, pH, condutividade elétrica, sólidos insolúveis, cinzas, teor de umidade, presença de bactérias mesófilas, bolores, leveduras, coliformes totais, Salmonella spp. e a presença de grãos de pólen. Resultados: Considerando todas as amostras de mel, o pH médio foi de 3,8 ± 0,5 e a acidez livre média foi de 29,8 ± 6,6 mEq/kg. Considerando a acidez, encontramos a média de acidez lactô-nica de 6,4 ± 2,4 mEq/kg e uma acidez média total de 36,2 ± 6,9 mEq/kg. O teor de umidade médio foi de 19,4 ± 1,0 %, a condutividade elétrica média foi 391,6 ± 168,6 μS/cm, a quantidade média de cinzas foi 0,5 ± 0,8 % e a matéria insolúvel média foi 0,08 ± 0,02 %. Apenas a umidade foi significativamente diferente entre os dois grupos e dez das amostras de mel apresentaram grãos de pólen. Conclusões: Os parâmetros de qualidade das amostras rotuladas e não rotuladas não foram diferentes, embora duas amostras de mel não rotulado fossem fraudulentas, principalmente devido à ausência de grãos de pólen. Identificar a presença ou ausência de pólen nas amostras é um primeiro passo seguro, económico e confiável para verificar a autenticidade do mel.

A short synthetic peptide, based on LyeTx I from Lycosa erythrognatha venom, shows potential to treat pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii without detectable resistance.

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), together with relative stagnation in the development of effective antibiotics, has led to enormous health and economic problems. In this study, we aimed to describe the antibacterial spectrum of LyeTx I mnΔK, a short synthetic peptide based on LyeTx I from Lycosa erythrognatha venom, against CRAB. LyeTx I mnΔK showed considerable antibacterial activity against extensively resistant A. baumannii, with minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations ranging from 1 to 16 µM and 2 to 32 µM, respectively. This peptide significantly increased the release of 260 nm-absorbing intracellular material from CRAB, suggesting bacteriolysis. LyeTx I mnΔK was shown to act synergistically with meropenem and colistin against CRAB. The cytotoxic concentration of LyeTx I mnΔK against Vero cells (CC50 = 55.31 ± 5.00 µM) and its hemolytic activity (HC50 = 77.07 ± 4.00 µM) were considerably low; however, its antibacterial activity was significantly reduced in the presence of human and animal serum and trypsin. Nevertheless, the inhalation of this peptide was effective in reducing pulmonary bacterial load in a mouse model of CRAB infection. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the peptide LyeTx I mnΔK is a potential prototype for the development of new effective and safe antibacterial agents against CRAB.

Can Serum be a Match for Urine in the Regulatory Analysis of Boldenone in Cattle? A Systematic Comparison Between Detection Window, Stability, and Enzymatic Hydrolysis.

This work involved a systematic comparison between serum and urine for the monitoring of anabolic androgenic steroids in livestock. Incurred samples were collected over 120 days from crossbred steers treated with intramuscular injections containing boldenone undecylenate. Independent high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) methods were used for the assessment of the respective detection windows, which were larger for serum samples. Both matrices presented adequate performance in terms of long-term stability, assessed using an isochronous approach during 196 days at -20 °C and for five freeze-thaw cycles. The effectiveness of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction using Helix pomatia juice was also compared. The calculated concentrations in serum samples were not statistically influenced by the deconjugation reaction. On the other hand, urine hydrolysis conditions were studied using a 33 Box-Behnken Design, in which a central point condition led to a satisfactory deconjugation performance. It could be observed that serum exhibited equivalent or better performance than urine for most of the evaluated criteria; thus, its inclusion in the regulatory analysis of boldenone in cattle is supported.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in bovine meat and meat products over the last 15 years in Brazil: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the rate of contamination in bovine meat and meat products with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in Brazil over the last fifteen years. Data were obtained from online databases in February 2020, and 25 papers were selected from 1036 articles identified in the literature search and 13 articles from gray literature, totaling 4286 samples analyzed. The overall rate of STEC was estimated to be 1% in Brazil. The highest rate (9%) was observed in Mato Grosso, followed by Rio Grande do Sul (1%), Goiás (1%), and São Paulo (1%). Regarding the sample type analyzed, hot carcasses had the highest rate (8%) of positive samples for STEC, followed by cold carcasses (2%) and beef samples (1%). As the available data were concentrated in the São Paulo state, the findings of this meta-analysis reveal the need for further studies in Brazil to allow better risk assessment and prevention of human STEC infections.

Determination of Steroids in Bovine Serum: Validation of a Reliable LC-MS/MS Method and In Vivo Studies with Boldenone Undecylenate and Testosterone Propionate.

Serum analysis has received much attention in regulatory analysis of food-producing animals, especially for anabolic steroids. The possibility of confirming the parent drugs with minimum metabolization enables the detection of intact steroid esters, whose identification represents unequivocal proof of drug administration. This work involved the development and validation of a quantitative LC-MS/MS method to determine 30 steroids and steroid esters in bovine serum. Sensitivity was improved using microwave-assisted chemical derivatization with methoxyamine hydrochloride. The validation was successfully conducted in accordance with the Decision 657/2002/EC guidelines. An in vivo experiment was performed on 12 crossbred steers in which two commercial formulations containing boldenone undecylenate and testosterone propionate were administrated via intramuscular injections. The samples were collected over a period of 120 days, in which both intact esters were identified within 11 days postadministration. 17ß-Boldenone was observed after 92 days for 2 steers and 56 days for the other animals. The applicability of a cut-off level to the ratio between 17ß-testosterone and epitestosterone was evaluated in an attempt to differentiate testosterone abuse from endogenous production. It could be observed that a calculated ratio above this level is strong evidence of drug administration, although a high false-negative rate was obtained.

A spatially explicit index for mapping Forest Restoration Vocation (FRV) at the landscape scale: Application in the Rio Doce basin, Brazil.

Effectively implementing landscape-scale forest restoration on the ground is particularly challenging. Available decision-support tools particularly lack the ability to comprehensively incorporate biophysical, social and institutional dimensions in a spatially explicit manner from the pixel to the whole landscape. In order to contribute to fulfilling this gap, this paper has two major objectives. The first is to present a spatially explicit decision-support tool for mapping Forest Restoration Vocation (FRV) that includes socio-economic and institutional aspects in forest landscape restoration. The second is to discuss the ways in which the FRV has been applied in the Brazilian decision-making context. The FRV was used to prioritize areas for three different restoration modalities: assisted natural regeneration (passive restoration), forest plantation with native trees to conserve biodiversity and forest plantation for agroforestry systems (active restoration). The FRV is already being adopted as a planning tool to invest R$ 1.2 billion (approx. US$ 300 million) to restore 40,000 ha in the Rio Doce, Brazil-an area corresponding to 0.05% of the area of watershed. Due to the high level of degradation of the basin, there is a need to restore 1.6 Mha via forest plantations in riparian Areas of Permanent Preservation (APPs) while 30% of APPs can be effectively restored using natural regeneration. The FRV can be effective for gauging progress and monitoring forest restoration implementation metrics across the landscape and through time. There are however still problems in effectively assessing if the investment in forest restoration will generate impact in the long term and deliver the ecosystem services society depends on.

Determination of steroids in bovine hair: Validation of a microwave-assisted chemical derivatization method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and in vivo studies.

Hair analysis has attracted great attention in the regulatory analysis of food-producing animals, particularly due to the wider detection window of veterinary drugs in this matrix and also the possibility of confirming parent drugs with minimum metabolization. This work involved the development and validation of a quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to determine 25 steroids and steroid esters in bovine hair. Sensitivity was improved using a fast and effective microwave-assisted chemical derivatization with methoxyamine hydrochloride. The validation was conducted in accordance with the Decision 657/2002/EC guidelines. An animal experimentation procedure was performed on 12 bovine animals in which two commercial formulations containing boldenone undecylenate and testosterone propionate were administrated via intramuscular injections on the neck. The samples were collected for 78 days in which the detection of the administrated analytes was only observed near the application sites. For some of the monitored days, no analyte was detected on the neck area. Since the migration of the analytes was not observed in areas other than the application site, false-negative results should be carefully considered when monitoring animal hair samples.

Frequência de lotes positivos para Salmonella spp. na inspeção ante mortem e sua relação com a contaminação de carcaças de frangos de corte / Frequency of positivity of Salmonella spp. in the ante mortem inspection and its relation with the contamination of broiler carcasses

O Boletim Sanitário traz informações relevantes sobre os lotes a serem abatidos como a contaminação por Salmonella spp.. Objetivou-se avaliar a frequência de lotes positivos nos Boletins e sua relação com as análises oficiais fiscais de carcaças de frangos para pesquisa de Salmonella spp. em um abatedouro de aves registrado no SIF. De 182 Boletins avaliados, 57 (31,3%) apresentaram resultados positivos para Salmonella spp.. De 28 Boletins correspondentes a lotes em que foram coletadas carcaças para análises oficiais, seis apresentaram resultados positivos e 22 negativos para Salmonella spp.. Porém ao analisar as carcaças provenientes desses lotes, apenas duas foram positivas, apesar de pertencerem a lotes negativos. O controle de Salmonella spp. é essencial para garantir a saúde humana e evitar perdas econômicas para indústria.

Levantamento das causas de condenações de carcaças de frangos de corte em um abatedouro-frigorífigo registrado no serviço de inspeção federal / A survey of the poultry carcass condemnation in a slaughterhouse registered at the federal inspection service

Com a evolução da produção avícola, a preocupação com os aspectos sanitários também aumenta. Além da ocorrência de doenças, falhas tecnológicas no manejo ou durante o abate dos animais, podem levar a grandes prejuízos devido a condenações de carcaças. Objetivou-se realizar um levantamento das causas de condenações de carcaças de frangos em um abatedouro frigorífico sob Inspeção Federal (SIF), localizado no estado de Minas Gerais, no período de setembro de 2014 a setembro de 2017. As principais causas de condenações de carcaças encontradas foram contusões e fraturas (41,2%), dermatose (20,1%), contaminação (20,0%), artrite (7,0%) e celulite (5,3%), o que demonstra a importância da adoção de cuidados em todas as etapas da cadeia produtiva para reduzir as perdas, incluindo o treinamento dos funcionários e melhorias do manejo.

Levantamento das principais causas de sequestro de produtos no abate de aves e da frequência de Salmonella spp. em carcaças de frangos de corte com contaminação gastrintestinal visível / Survey of the main causes of products sequestered in poultry slaughter and the frequency of Salmonella spp. in broiler carcasses with visible gastrointestinal contamination

Um dos grandes desafios para a indústria avícola é a contaminação microbiológica dos produtos, principalmente por Salmonella spp. Objetivou-se avaliar as principais causas e determinar o volume produtos sequestrados devido a não conformidades nos PCC, bem como a frequência de contaminação por Salmonella spp. em produtos sequestrados por contaminação no PCC 1B, em um abatedouro frigorífico de aves registrado no SIF, no período de janeiro a maio de 2018. Foram sequestrados no total 1.122.481 kg de produto e a contaminação no PCC 1B foi responsável pelo bloqueio de 480.664 kg (42,8% do total). Das 469 amostras de produtos sequestrados para a pesquisa de Salmonella spp., 115 foram positivas, demonstrando a importância da inspeção e da aplicação dos Programas de Autocontrole para garantir a qualidade do produto e a segurança do consumidor.

A inspeção industrial e sanitária de produtos de origem animal no Brasil: legislação, história e desenvolvimento / Industrial and sanitary inspection of the products of animal origin in Brazil: legislation, history and development

A Inspeção Industrial e Sanitária de Produtos de Origem Animal (IISPOA) possui grande relevância econômica, social e política por controlar as condições higiênico-sanitárias e tecnológicas (HST) nas indústrias de produtos de origem animal. A falta de conhecimento sobre a importância da IISPOA leva à adoção de políticas inadequadas que podem colocar em risco tanto a saúde humana quanto a saúde e sanidade animal. Objetivou-se neste trabalho conceituar a inspeção de carnes no campo da Medicina Veterinária, além de descrever o desenvolvimento e a aplicação da IISPOA por meio da consulta e análise da legislação. A partir deste trabalho, fica evidente a responsabilidade do Poder Público de garantir a eficiência na execução da IISPOA para assegurar a saúde da população e a sanidade animal, garantindo assim o sucesso do agronegócio brasileiro.