Weighted-Cumulated S-EMG Muscle Fatigue Estimator.

This paper addresses a new approach to objectively evaluate muscle fatigue in isometric and dynamic physical exertions using surface electromyography (S-EMG). The emphasis of this proposal is to preserve the spectral signature of the muscle fatigue phenomenon while reducing the spatial effects of electrode localization, and decreasing the disparity of results obtained by the same experimental protocol at different times. A cumulated and normalized modeling was sought to make evident the nonstationary characteristics of muscle fatigue that is gradually identified with its inertia and intensity. A metric involving the proposal of temporal, frequency, and time-frequency weighted-cumulated indicators is presented. Results based on real signals are shown for isometric and dynamic experimental protocols. Performance comparison of the various proposed weighted-cumulated indexes is shown and discussed. The presented approach for the objective cumulative evaluation of muscle fatigue with S-EMG signals has shown to be promising.

Measurement of ejection fraction with standard thermodilution catheters.

Right ventricle ejection fraction (RVEF) is clinically used to evaluate right ventricular function. The thermodilution method can be modified to estimate the RVEF. However, this method requires a thermistor with a fast time response in order to yield correct estimates. Digital signal processing techniques that were developed in previous works, allow the use of industry-standard slow time response thermistors for the measurement EF. However, these algorithms were not automated, and the works did not present a complete evaluation of the method's performance. This article presents a modified automated version of these algorithms, and uses numerical and in vitro simulations to test their performance. In the simulations, the measured ejection fraction was compared to the true ejection fraction. RVEFs ranging from 0.20 to 0.80 were tested for heart rates ranging from 30 to 120 heart beats per min. Statistical analysis of data showed that the new method presents an improved performance.