Low grip strength and gait speed as markers of dependence regarding basic activities of daily living: the FIBRA study.

OBJECTIVE: Marincolo et al. showed that older adults without limitations in basic activities of daily living at baseline presented with an 11.7% concomitant presence of functional dependence, slow gait speed, and low muscle strength at follow-up. Slow gait speed remains a predictor of dependence in basic activities of daily living. To determine whether low muscle strength and low gait speed increase the risk of disability related to basic activities of daily living in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: A longitudinal study (9 years of follow-up) was conducted with 390 older adults who were independent in basic activities of daily living at baseline and answered the Katz Index at follow-up. Associations were determined using Pearson's χ2 test with a 5% significance level and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Increases in prevalence between baseline and follow-up were observed for low muscle strength (17.5%-38.2%), slow gait speed (26.0%-81.1%), and functional dependence (10.8%-26.6%). At follow-up, 11.7% of the participants had concomitant functional dependence, slow gait speed, and low muscle strength. Slow gait speed remained a predictor of dependence in basic activities of daily living (odds ratio=1.90; 95% confidence interval=1.06-3.41). CONCLUSION: Slow gait speed is a predictor of functional dependence, constituting an important variable for screening functional decline.

Frailty and functional status among older adults with cognitive impairment: data from the second wave of the FIBRA study.

Frailty is defined as a recognizable state of increased vulnerability resulting from age-associated decline of function in various physiological systems, such that the ability to deal with acute or everyday stressors is compromised. Objective: The aim of the study was to characterize the sample of older adults with cognitive impairment, according to the frailty status indirectly assessed by family members, other clinical and sociodemographic variables; and to assess the overlap of clinical conditions evaluated in this sample with cognitive impairment. Methods: Data were extracted from the follow-up database of the Frailty in Brazilian Older Adults (FIBRA) study (2016-2017). The sample consisted of 130 elderly people with cognitive impairment assessed by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The scores for the Clinical Dementia Scale (CDR), Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia and Functional Activities Questionnaire were described. Frailty was indirectly measured through questions answered by family members about the five criteria that compose the frailty phenotype. Results: The sample consisted mostly of older women (n=91) with a mean age of 82.4 (SD=5.3) years, mean schooling of 3.3 years (SD=3.07), widowed (47.7%) and who lived with children and/or grandchildren (68%). More than half had multimorbidity (74.90%), 39.5% had depression symptoms suggestive of major depression, 57% had impaired functionality, 49.3% were frail, 37.6% pre-frail, and 13.10% robust. Conclusion: Among older adults with cognitive impairment, frailty and functional limitations are common.

A fragilidade é definida como um estado reconhecível de vulnerabilidade aumentada resultante do declínio da função associado à idade em vários sistemas fisiológicos, de modo que a capacidade de lidar com estressores agudos ou cotidianos fica comprometida. Objetivo: Caracterizar uma amostra de pessoas idosas com comprometimento cognitivo, segundo o estado de fragilidade, avaliado de forma indireta por familiares, assim como outras variáveis clínicas e sociodemográficas; e avaliar a sobreposição das condições clínicas avaliadas nesta amostra com o comprometimento cognitivo. Métodos: Os dados foram extraídos do banco de dados de acompanhamento do estudo Fragilidade em Idosos Brasileiros (FIBRA - 2016-2017). A amostra foi composta por 130 idosos com comprometimento cognitivo avaliado pelo Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM). Foram descritos os escores da Escala Clínica de Demência (CDR), da Escala Cornell de Depressão em Demência e do Questionário de Atividades Funcionais. A fragilidade foi mensurada indiretamente por meio de questões respondidas junto aos familiares sobre os cinco critérios que compõem o fenótipo de fragilidade. Resultados: A amostra foi composta em sua maioria por mulheres idosas (n=91) com idade média de 82,4 (DP=5,3) anos, escolaridade média de 3,3 anos (DP=3,07), viúvas (47,7%) e que viviam com filhos e/ou netos (68%). Mais da metade apresentava multimorbidade (74,90%), 39,5% apresentavam sintomas depressivos sugestivos de depressão maior, 57% tinham funcionalidade prejudicada, 49,3% eram frágeis, 37,6% pré-frágeis e 13,10% robustos. Conclusão: Entre idosos com alterações cognitivas, é comum a co-ocorrência de fragilidade e de limitações funcionais.

Low grip strength and gait speed as markers of dependence regarding basic activities of daily living: the FIBRA study

ABSTRACT Objective To determine whether low muscle strength and low gait speed increase the risk of disability related to basic activities of daily living in community-dwelling older adults. Methods A longitudinal study (9 years of follow-up) was conducted with 390 older adults who were independent in basic activities of daily living at baseline and answered the Katz Index at follow-up. Associations were determined using Pearson's χ2 test with a 5% significance level and logistic regression analysis. Results Increases in prevalence between baseline and follow-up were observed for low muscle strength (17.5%-38.2%), slow gait speed (26.0%-81.1%), and functional dependence (10.8%-26.6%). At follow-up, 11.7% of the participants had concomitant functional dependence, slow gait speed, and low muscle strength. Slow gait speed remained a predictor of dependence in basic activities of daily living (odds ratio=1.90; 95% confidence interval=1.06-3.41). Conclusion Slow gait speed is a predictor of functional dependence, constituting an important variable for screening functional decline.

Frailty and functional status among older adults with cognitive impairment: data from the second wave of the FIBRA study / Fragilidade e funcionalidade entre idosos com alterações cognitivas: dados da segunda onda do estudo FIBRA

ABSTRACT. Frailty is defined as a recognizable state of increased vulnerability resulting from age-associated decline of function in various physiological systems, such that the ability to deal with acute or everyday stressors is compromised. Objective: The aim of the study was to characterize the sample of older adults with cognitive impairment, according to the frailty status indirectly assessed by family members, other clinical and sociodemographic variables; and to assess the overlap of clinical conditions evaluated in this sample with cognitive impairment. Methods: Data were extracted from the follow-up database of the Frailty in Brazilian Older Adults (FIBRA) study (2016-2017). The sample consisted of 130 elderly people with cognitive impairment assessed by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The scores for the Clinical Dementia Scale (CDR), Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia and Functional Activities Questionnaire were described. Frailty was indirectly measured through questions answered by family members about the five criteria that compose the frailty phenotype. Results: The sample consisted mostly of older women (n=91) with a mean age of 82.4 (SD=5.3) years, mean schooling of 3.3 years (SD=3.07), widowed (47.7%) and who lived with children and/or grandchildren (68%). More than half had multimorbidity (74.90%), 39.5% had depression symptoms suggestive of major depression, 57% had impaired functionality, 49.3% were frail, 37.6% pre-frail, and 13.10% robust. Conclusion: Among older adults with cognitive impairment, frailty and functional limitations are common.

RESUMO. A fragilidade é definida como um estado reconhecível de vulnerabilidade aumentada resultante do declínio da função associado à idade em vários sistemas fisiológicos, de modo que a capacidade de lidar com estressores agudos ou cotidianos fica comprometida. Objetivo: Caracterizar uma amostra de pessoas idosas com comprometimento cognitivo, segundo o estado de fragilidade, avaliado de forma indireta por familiares, assim como outras variáveis clínicas e sociodemográficas; e avaliar a sobreposição das condições clínicas avaliadas nesta amostra com o comprometimento cognitivo. Métodos: Os dados foram extraídos do banco de dados de acompanhamento do estudo Fragilidade em Idosos Brasileiros (FIBRA - 2016-2017). A amostra foi composta por 130 idosos com comprometimento cognitivo avaliado pelo Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM). Foram descritos os escores da Escala Clínica de Demência (CDR), da Escala Cornell de Depressão em Demência e do Questionário de Atividades Funcionais. A fragilidade foi mensurada indiretamente por meio de questões respondidas junto aos familiares sobre os cinco critérios que compõem o fenótipo de fragilidade. Resultados: A amostra foi composta em sua maioria por mulheres idosas (n=91) com idade média de 82,4 (DP=5,3) anos, escolaridade média de 3,3 anos (DP=3,07), viúvas (47,7%) e que viviam com filhos e/ou netos (68%). Mais da metade apresentava multimorbidade (74,90%), 39,5% apresentavam sintomas depressivos sugestivos de depressão maior, 57% tinham funcionalidade prejudicada, 49,3% eram frágeis, 37,6% pré-frágeis e 13,10% robustos. Conclusão: Entre idosos com alterações cognitivas, é comum a co-ocorrência de fragilidade e de limitações funcionais.

Relationship between chronic pain, depressive symptoms, and functional disability in community-dwelling older adults: mediating role of frailty.

BACKGROUND: Borim et al. showed that older adults with chronic pain exhibited more depressive symptoms and frailty components. Depressive symptoms were associated with more frailty components, and those with more depressive symptoms and frailty faced greater limitations in IADL performance. Frailty appears to mediate the pathway from chronic pain to functional impairment Chronic pain is directly associated with depressive symptoms and frailty. Chronic pain is not directly associated with functional disability. Depression and frailty are both directly associated with functional disabilities. Frailty mediates the association between chronic pain and functional disability. Depression; Disability evaluation; Frailty; Frail elderly. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the direct and indirect effects of chronic pain, depressive symptoms, frailty components, and functional disability through a pathway analysis approach in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: Data of 419 participants were cross-sectionally evaluated for the presence of depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale [15 items]), physical frailty components (phenotype criteria), chronic pain, and limitations in performing instrumental activities of daily living (functional disability scale by Lawton and Brody). Structural equation modeling via path analysis was used to explore the direct and indirect effects among these four variables. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: Of the total participants, 69.8% were women and 59.3% had low education (1-4 years); the mean age was 80.3±4.6 years. Chronic pain and depressive symptoms were directly related and were associated to frailty. The number of frailty components and depressive symptoms were directly associated with functional disability. Frailty had an indirect effect on the association between chronic pain, depressive symptoms, and functional disabilities. CONCLUSION: The pathway from chronic pain and depressive symptoms to functional disability is potentially mediated by the number of frailty components.

Cognitive impairment in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: a scoping review.

Emerging studies indicate the persistence of symptoms beyond the acute phase of COVID-19. Cognitive impairment has been observed in certain individuals for months following infection. Currently, there is limited knowledge about the specific cognitive domains that undergo alterations during the post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and the potential impact of disease severity on cognition. The aim of this review is to examine studies that have reported cognitive impairment in post-acute COVID-19, categorizing them into subacute and chronic phases. The methodology proposed by JBI was followed in this study. The included studies were published between December 2019 and December 2022. The search was conducted in PubMed, PubMed PMC, BVS - BIREME, Embase, SCOPUS, Cochrane, Web of Science, Proquest, PsycInfo, and EBSCOHost. Data extraction included specific details about the population, concepts, context, and key findings or recommendations relevant to the review objectives. A total of 7,540 records were identified and examined, and 47 articles were included. The cognitive domains most frequently reported as altered 4 to 12 weeks after acute COVID-19 were language, episodic memory, and executive function, and after 12 weeks, the domains most affected were attention, episodic memory, and executive function. The results of this scoping review highlight that adults with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome may have impairment in specific cognitive domains.

Estudos emergentes indicam a persistência dos sintomas além da fase aguda da COVID-19. O comprometimento cognitivo foi observado em alguns indivíduos durante meses após a infecção. Atualmente, há pouco conhecimento sobre os domínios cognitivos específicos que sofrem alterações durante a síndrome pós-aguda da COVID-19 e o possível impacto da gravidade da doença na cognição. O objetivo desta revisão é examinar estudos que relataram comprometimento cognitivo na COVID-19 pós-aguda, categorizando-os em fases subaguda e crônica. A metodologia proposta pela Joanna Briggs Institute foi seguida neste estudo. Os estudos incluídos foram publicados entre dezembro de 2019 e dezembro de 2022. A busca foi realizada no PubMed, PubMed PMC, BVS ­ BIREME, Embase, SCOPUS, Cochrane, Web of Science, Proquest, PsycInfo e EBSCOHost. A extração de dados incluiu detalhes específicos sobre a população, os conceitos, o contexto e as principais descobertas ou recomendações relevantes para os objetivos da revisão. Um total de 7.540 registros foi identificado e examinado, e 47 artigos foram incluídos. Os domínios cognitivos mais frequentemente relatados como alterados de 4 a 12 semanas após a COVID-19 aguda foram linguagem, memória episódica e função executiva e, após 12 semanas, os domínios mais afetados foram atenção, memória episódica e função executiva. Os resultados dessa revisão de escopo destacam que adultos com síndrome pós-aguda da COVID-19 podem apresentar comprometimento em domínios cognitivos específicos.

Cognitive impairment in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: a scoping review / Comprometimento cognitivo na síndrome pós-COVID-19 aguda: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract Emerging studies indicate the persistence of symptoms beyond the acute phase of COVID-19. Cognitive impairment has been observed in certain individuals for months following infection. Currently, there is limited knowledge about the specific cognitive domains that undergo alterations during the post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and the potential impact of disease severity on cognition. The aim of this review is to examine studies that have reported cognitive impairment in post-acute COVID-19, categorizing them into subacute and chronic phases. The methodology proposed by JBI was followed in this study. The included studies were published between December 2019 and December 2022. The search was conducted in PubMed, PubMed PMC, BVS - BIREME, Embase, SCOPUS, Cochrane, Web of Science, Proquest, PsycInfo, and EBSCOHost. Data extraction included specific details about the population, concepts, context, and key findings or recommendations relevant to the review objectives. A total of 7,540 records were identified and examined, and 47 articles were included. The cognitive domains most frequently reported as altered 4 to 12 weeks after acute COVID-19 were language, episodic memory, and executive function, and after 12 weeks, the domains most affected were attention, episodic memory, and executive function. The results of this scoping review highlight that adults with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome may have impairment in specific cognitive domains.

Resumo Estudos emergentes indicam a persistência dos sintomas além da fase aguda da COVID-19. O comprometimento cognitivo foi observado em alguns indivíduos durante meses após a infecção. Atualmente, há pouco conhecimento sobre os domínios cognitivos específicos que sofrem alterações durante a síndrome pós-aguda da COVID-19 e o possível impacto da gravidade da doença na cognição. O objetivo desta revisão é examinar estudos que relataram comprometimento cognitivo na COVID-19 pós-aguda, categorizando-os em fases subaguda e crônica. A metodologia proposta pela Joanna Briggs Institute foi seguida neste estudo. Os estudos incluídos foram publicados entre dezembro de 2019 e dezembro de 2022. A busca foi realizada no PubMed, PubMed PMC, BVS - BIREME, Embase, SCOPUS, Cochrane, Web of Science, Proquest, PsycInfo e EBSCOHost. A extração de dados incluiu detalhes específicos sobre a população, os conceitos, o contexto e as principais descobertas ou recomendações relevantes para os objetivos da revisão. Um total de 7.540 registros foi identificado e examinado, e 47 artigos foram incluídos. Os domínios cognitivos mais frequentemente relatados como alterados de 4 a 12 semanas após a COVID-19 aguda foram linguagem, memória episódica e função executiva e, após 12 semanas, os domínios mais afetados foram atenção, memória episódica e função executiva. Os resultados dessa revisão de escopo destacam que adultos com síndrome pós-aguda da COVID-19 podem apresentar comprometimento em domínios cognitivos específicos.

Association of Food Consumption According to the Degree of Processing and Sociodemographic Conditions in Older Adults.

Several factors can impact food consumption in older adults, including those of sociodemographic, physiological, and chronic non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the association of food consumption according to its degree of processing with sociodemographic conditions in community-dwelling older adults. Food intake was evaluated from 24-h recall data. All food items were classified according to the degree of processing into four groups as follows: in natura or minimally processed, culinary ingredients, processed, and ultra-processed foods. Food groups were considered dependent variables in a quantile regression model, adjusting for sex, age, schooling, ethnicity, and number of residents. Women and individuals with higher levels of education had lower consumption of in natura or minimally processed foods and higher consumption of ultra-processed foods. The yellow or indigenous ethnicity presented the lowest consumption of processed foods; older people who lived with three or more individuals had the highest consumption of culinary ingredients, whereas the older people who lived with one to two people had the highest consumption of processed foods and the lowest consumption of ultra-processed. These groups may be the target of educational and public policies to improve diet quality and contribute to quality of life in older ages.

[Influence of multimorbidity patterns on the activities in the day-to-day lives of the elderly: nine-year follow-up of the Fibra Study]. / Influência de padrões de multimorbidade nas atividades de vida diária da pessoa idosa: seguimento de nove anos do Estudo Fibra.

The scope of this article was to evaluate the influence of multimorbidity and associated effects on the activities in the day-to-day lives of community-dwelling elderly individuals. It involved a cohort study with data from the FIBRA Study, the baseline (2008-2009) and follow-up (2016-2017). The basic activities in daily living (ADL) were evaluated using Katz's index, and the chronic diseases were classified as: (1) multimorbidity and multimorbidity patterns; (2) cardiopulmonary; (3) vascular-metabolic; and (4) mental-musculoskeletal. The chi-square test and Poisson regression data were used for analysis. A total of 861 older adults with no functional dependency at baseline were analyzed. Elderly individuals with multimorbidity (RR = 1.58; 95%CI: 1.19-2.10) and classified according to cardiopulmonary (RR = 2.43; 95%CI: 1.77-3.33), vascular-metabolic (RR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.19-1.89) and mental-musculoskeletal (RR = 1.30; 95%CI: 1.03-1.65) had a higher risk of presenting functional decline in ADL in the follow-up compared to those who didn't have the same disease patterns. Multimorbidity and its patterns increased the risk of functional disability in older adults over the nine-year period.

O objetivo foi avaliar a influência da multimorbidade e seus padrões nas atividades básicas de vida diária da pessoa idosa residente na comunidade. Trata-se de estudo de coorte com dados provenientes do Estudo FIBRA, linha de base (2008-2009) e seguimento (2016-2017). As atividades básicas de vida diária (ABVD) foram avaliadas pelo questionário de Katz e as doenças crônicas foram classificadas como (1) multimorbidade e padrões de multimorbidade: (2) cardiopulmonar; (3) vascular-metabólico; e (4) mental-musculoesquelético. Para a análise de dados, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado e a regressão de Poisson. Foram analisados 861 indivíduos sem limitação para ABVD na linha de base. As pessoas idosas com multimorbidade (RR = 1,58; IC95%: 1,19-2,10) e classificados nos padrões cardiopulmonar (RR = 2,43; IC95%: 1,77-3,33), vascular-metabólico (RR = 1,50; IC95%: 1,19-1,89) e mental-musculoesquelético (RR = 1,30; IC95%: 1,03-1,65) tiveram maior risco de apresentar declínio funcional nas ABVD no seguimento em comparação aos que não tinham os mesmos padrões de doenças. A multimorbidade e seus padrões aumentaram o risco de incapacidade na pessoa idosa ao longo de nove anos.

Influência de padrões de multimorbidade nas atividades de vida diária da pessoa idosa: seguimento de nove anos do Estudo Fibra / Influence of multimorbidity patterns on the activities in the day-to-day lives of the elderly: nine-year follow-up of the Fibra Study

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar a influência da multimorbidade e seus padrões nas atividades básicas de vida diária da pessoa idosa residente na comunidade. Trata-se de estudo de coorte com dados provenientes do Estudo FIBRA, linha de base (2008-2009) e seguimento (2016-2017). As atividades básicas de vida diária (ABVD) foram avaliadas pelo questionário de Katz e as doenças crônicas foram classificadas como (1) multimorbidade e padrões de multimorbidade: (2) cardiopulmonar; (3) vascular-metabólico; e (4) mental-musculoesquelético. Para a análise de dados, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado e a regressão de Poisson. Foram analisados 861 indivíduos sem limitação para ABVD na linha de base. As pessoas idosas com multimorbidade (RR = 1,58; IC95%: 1,19-2,10) e classificados nos padrões cardiopulmonar (RR = 2,43; IC95%: 1,77-3,33), vascular-metabólico (RR = 1,50; IC95%: 1,19-1,89) e mental-musculoesquelético (RR = 1,30; IC95%: 1,03-1,65) tiveram maior risco de apresentar declínio funcional nas ABVD no seguimento em comparação aos que não tinham os mesmos padrões de doenças. A multimorbidade e seus padrões aumentaram o risco de incapacidade na pessoa idosa ao longo de nove anos.

Abstract The scope of this article was to evaluate the influence of multimorbidity and associated effects on the activities in the day-to-day lives of community-dwelling elderly individuals. It involved a cohort study with data from the FIBRA Study, the baseline (2008-2009) and follow-up (2016-2017). The basic activities in daily living (ADL) were evaluated using Katz's index, and the chronic diseases were classified as: (1) multimorbidity and multimorbidity patterns; (2) cardiopulmonary; (3) vascular-metabolic; and (4) mental-musculoskeletal. The chi-square test and Poisson regression data were used for analysis. A total of 861 older adults with no functional dependency at baseline were analyzed. Elderly individuals with multimorbidity (RR = 1.58; 95%CI: 1.19-2.10) and classified according to cardiopulmonary (RR = 2.43; 95%CI: 1.77-3.33), vascular-metabolic (RR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.19-1.89) and mental-musculoskeletal (RR = 1.30; 95%CI: 1.03-1.65) had a higher risk of presenting functional decline in ADL in the follow-up compared to those who didn't have the same disease patterns. Multimorbidity and its patterns increased the risk of functional disability in older adults over the nine-year period.

Cognitive Impairment Predicts Sarcopenia 9 Years Later among Older Adults.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the longitudinal association between cognitive impairment and sarcopenia in a sample of Brazilian community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN: Nine-year observational prospective study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 521 community-dwelling older adults from 2 Brazilian sites of the Frailty in Brazilian Older Adults (FIBRA in Portuguese) study. METHODS: Sarcopenia was defined as low hand-grip strength and low muscle mass. Cognitive impairment was determined at baseline using the Mini-Mental State Examination, with education-adjusted cutoff scores. The logistic regression model was used to assess the association between cognitive impairment and incident sarcopenia after adjusting for gender, age, education, morbidities, physical activity, and body mass index. Inverse probability weighting was applied to correct for sample loss at follow-up. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 72.7 (±5.6) years, and 365 were women (70.1%). Being 80 years and older [odds ratio (OR), 4.62; 95% CI, 1.38-15.48; P = .013], being under- and overweight (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.11-0.76; P = .012, and OR, 5.12; 95% CI, 2.18-12.01; P < .001, respectively) and having cognitive impairment (OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.18-5.04; P = .016) at baseline predicted sarcopenia after 9 years. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Cognitive impairment may predict sarcopenia in Brazilian older adults. More studies are necessary to identify the main mechanisms shared by sarcopenia and cognitive decline, which could support the development of prevention interventions.

Prevalence and associated factors of stroke in older adults in Brazil, 2019 / Prevalência e fatores associados ao acidente vascular cerebral em idosos no Brasil, 2019

To estimate the prevalence and sociodemographic factors, of health-related behaviors, chronic diseases, body mass index and self-rated health associated with stroke in older adults in Brazil, as well as to verify the frequency of practices used in care. Population-based cross-sectional study with data from the 2019 National Health Survey (≥60 years; n=22,728). Adjusted odds ratio were estimated using logistic regression. The prevalence of stroke was 5.6% (95%CI:5.1-6.1), higher in men, in those aged ≥70 years, in black and brown people, with less education, without health insurance and in former smokers. Higher also in those who reported hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, depression and heart disease, particularly acute myocardial infarction (19.0%; 95%CI:15.8-22.7). Dieting was reported by 47.2%, physiotherapy by 17.0%; 26.1% used aspirin regularly, 60.8% were monitored by a health professional and 53.7% reported limitations in their usual activities. The findings identify the subgroups most affected by stroke and highlight that less than 20% of the older adults with stroke reported undergoing physical therapy, highlighting the need to expand multidisciplinary care in the health care network for this subgroup.

Estimar a prevalência e os fatores sociodemográficos, de comportamentos relacionados à saúde, doenças crônicas, índice de massa corporal e autoavaliação da saúde associados ao acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) em idosos no Brasil, bem como, verificar a frequência das práticas usadas no cuidado. Estudo transversal de base populacional com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019 (≥60 anos; n=22.728). Razões de chance ajustadas foram estimadas por meio de regressão logística. A prevalência de AVC foi de 5,6% (IC95%:5,1-6,1), maior nos homens, naqueles com idade ≥70 anos, nos pretos e pardos, com menor escolaridade, sem plano de saúde e nos ex-fumantes. Maiores também nos que referiram hipertensão, diabetes, colesterol alto, depressão e cardiopatia, particularmente infarto agudo do miocárdio (19,0%; IC95%:15,8-22,7). A realização de dieta foi referida por 47,2%, fisioterapia por 17,0%; 26,1% usavam aspirina regularmente, 60,8% faziam acompanhamento com profissional de saúde e 53,7% referiram limitação para as atividades habituais. Os achados identificam os subgrupos mais afetados pelo AVC e destacam que menos de 20% dos idosos com AVC relataram fazer fisioterapia, evidenciando a necessidade de ampliar o cuidado multiprofissional na rede de atenção à saúde para este subgrupo.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mobility of older adults: A scoping review.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To identify the most frequent determinants of contact limitation on older adults' mobility addressed by the recommendations to mitigate mobility limitation during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify the recommendations characteristics and means of dissemination that might guide coping actions. BACKGROUND: Measures for physical contact restriction were implemented to prevent COVID-19 spread. These measures directly impacted older people, reducing their mobility, especially outside home environment. Health systems worldwide need to be prepared to implement strategies to mitigate negative effects of reduced mobility in this population. DESIGN: Scoping review using Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework. METHOD: Therefore, a scoping review was conducted in LILACS, CINAHL, MEDLINE, WEB OF SCIENCE and SCOPUS databases. Documents and reports with recommendations from government agencies were also consulted. Results were presented in a narrative synthesis based on a conceptual model of mobility proposed by Webber (The Gerontologist, 2010, 50, 443) regarding the most frequently addressed determinants, characteristics of the proposed interventions, and means of dissemination for the older person population. FINDINGS: Twenty-eight studies were selected for the final sample. According to Webber's model, most articles (n = 14) presented the impacts on mobility from the perspective of physical determinants, relating this aspect to biological losses in the musculoskeletal system, and a minority assessed mobility in vital spaces, encompassing environmental (n = 3) and financial (n = 1) determinants. Also, the most frequent recommendation was that physical activity promotes maintenance of mobility and prevents the occurrence of adverse results, such as falls, fractures and functional decline. As to dissemination, digital technologies were recognised as a strategy to motivate, instruct and monitor exercise practice to increase mobility in older adults. CONCLUSION: The main conditions related to the decline in mobility of older adults during COVID-19 pandemic were physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle. The practice of physical activity is widespread and needs to be adapted according to individual needs. Finally, digital technologies are essential tools in this period, but other alternatives should also be considered for low-income seniors. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: It is hoped that the gaps identified through this scoping review can help enhance the discussion on the broader assessment of mobility in older adults and the design of interventions when contact restriction is a reality.

Relationship between chronic pain, depressive symptoms, and functional disability in community-dwelling older adults: mediating role of frailty

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the direct and indirect effects of chronic pain, depressive symptoms, frailty components, and functional disability through a pathway analysis approach in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. Methods Data of 419 participants were cross-sectionally evaluated for the presence of depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale [15 items]), physical frailty components (phenotype criteria), chronic pain, and limitations in performing instrumental activities of daily living (functional disability scale by Lawton and Brody). Structural equation modeling via path analysis was used to explore the direct and indirect effects among these four variables. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results Of the total participants, 69.8% were women and 59.3% had low education (1-4 years); the mean age was 80.3±4.6 years. Chronic pain and depressive symptoms were directly related and were associated to frailty. The number of frailty components and depressive symptoms were directly associated with functional disability. Frailty had an indirect effect on the association between chronic pain, depressive symptoms, and functional disabilities. Conclusion The pathway from chronic pain and depressive symptoms to functional disability is potentially mediated by the number of frailty components.

Sociodemographic, clinical, and dietary characteristics of overweight adults: a secondary analysis of a population study / Caracterização sociodemográfica, clínica e da alimentação de adultos com excesso de peso: análise secundária de um estudo populacional

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of overweight among Brazilian adults aged 20 to 59, according to sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, and food consumption. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on data from a population-based survey in a major metropolitan city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, conducted between 2015-2016. Prevalences and prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression; food consumption means were estimated using linear regression. Results: We analyzed data from 855 adults, 61% of whom were overweight. The prevalence of overweight was significantly higher among males, those aged 30 or older, with 8 to 11 years of education, and those who reported eating more than they should. The body mass index was significantly associated with hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, waist-to-height ratio, taking weight-loss medications, overeating, and the habit of checking labels. Overweight adults reported eating meat with visible fat and drinking soda more frequently than those not overweight. Overweight adults reported eating significantly more grams of food daily and had a higher intake of energy, total fat, saturated fats, trans fats, carbohydrates, protein, insoluble dietary fiber, sodium, and potassium. Their diets had a higher glycemic load when compared to participants who were not overweight. Conclusion: Adults with and without overweight differed in their sociodemographic, dietary, and clinical characteristics. Diet quality was similar between both groups, suggesting a need for improving dietary habits in this population regardless of body weight.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de excesso de peso entre adultos brasileiros, de 20 a 59 anos, segundo características sociodemográficas, de comportamentos relacionados à saúde e quanto ao consumo alimentar. Métodos: Estudo transversal, de pesquisa de base populacional, em uma cidade metropolitana de São Paulo - Brasil, conduzida entre os anos de 2015 e 2016. Foram estimadas as prevalências e as razões de prevalência por meio da regressão de Poisson, e as médias de consumo alimentar pelo uso da regressão linear. Resultados: Foram analisados dados referentes à 855 adultos, 61% destes apresentavam sobrepeso. A prevalência de excesso de peso foi significativamente maior entre: homens, com 30 anos ou mais, pessoas que possuíam entre 8 e 11 anos de estudo e entre aqueles que acreditavam comer mais do que deveriam. O índice de massa corporal foi significativamente associado à hipertensão, diabetes, colesterol alto, razão cintura-estatura, uso de medicamentos, comer mais do que deveria e o hábito de checar rótulos. Adultos com excesso de peso ingeriam carnes com gordura e refrigerantes em maior frequência quando comparados à adultos com peso saudável. Adultos com excesso de peso consumiam, significativamente, mais gramas de alimentos por dia e apresentaram maior ingestão de calorias, gorduras totais, saturadas e trans, carboidratos, proteína, fibras insolúveis, sódio e potássio. A dieta deles continha uma maior carga glicêmica quando comparada àqueles com peso saudável. Conclusão: Adultos com e sem excesso de peso, diferiram quanto às características sociodemográficas, dietéticas e clínicas. A qualidade da dieta foi similar em ambos os grupos, o que sugere a necessidade de melhora dos hábitos alimentares da população, independentemente do peso corporal.

Você costuma verificar o rótulo de alimentos? Estudo de base populacional com adolescentes e adultos de Campinas, SP / Do you usually check the food label? Population-based study with adolescents and adults from Campinas, SP

Resumo Introdução A rotulagem de alimentos é uma importante ferramenta de promoção da saúde e de escolhas alimentares saudáveis. Objetivo Estimar a prevalência do hábito de verificar os rótulos de alimentos e fatores associados em adolescentes e adultos, bem como identificar as informações observadas nos rótulos. Método Estudo transversal de base populacional com amostra probabilística por conglomerados em dois estágios, realizado em Campinas/SP (n = 1.792, 10-59 anos). Foram estimadas razões de prevalência e os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% e foi desenvolvido modelo de regressão múltipla de Poisson. Resultados A prevalência do hábito de verificar os rótulos de alimentos foi de 49,4% (IC95%: 45,2-53,6). As prevalências foram superiores no sexo feminino, nos adultos, em indivíduos com maior renda, com maior frequência semanal de consumo de frutas, hortaliças cruas, alimentos integrais, com menor frequência de consumo de refrigerantes e que tinham se pesado há menos de um mês. Data de validade, calorias, sódio e gordura foram as informações mais buscadas nos rótulos. Conclusão Os resultados destacam a necessidade de orientar e estimular o uso da rotulagem nutricional, identificam os segmentos prioritários e contribuem para preencher uma das lacunas científicas brasileiras sobre a prevalência de consulta aos rótulos de alimentos e fatores associados.

Abstract Background Food labeling is an important tool for encouraging health and healthy food choices. Objective To estimate the prevalence of food label consultation and associated factors in adolescents and adults, and to identify the information taken from food labels. Method Cross-sectional study with data from population-based surveys with a probabilistic sample, by clusters and in two-stages, conducted in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (n=1.792, 10-59 years). Prevalence ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated and a Poisson multiple regression model was developed. Results 1,792 individuals aged 10 to 59 years participated in the study. The prevalence of reading food labels was 49.4% (95%CI: 45.2-53.6) for the whole population. Prevalence was higher in females, adults, in those with higher income, with more frequent weekly consumption of fruits, raw vegetables, and whole foods, with less frequent consumption of soft drinks, and those who had weighed themselves less than a month ago. Expiration date, calories, sodium and fat were the most searched for information on food labels. Conclusion The results highlight a need to guide and encourage the use of nutrition labeling, identify priority segments and help to fill a scientific gap in Brazil regarding the prevalence of food label consultation and associated factors.

Prevalence of body weight dissatisfaction among adolescents: a systematic review / Prevalência de insatisfação com o peso corporal entre adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the prevalence of weight dissatisfaction among adolescents aged 10-19 years and stratify the analysis by sex. Data source: A literature review of cross-sectional studies among healthy adolescents was performed. The U.S. National Library of Medicine/National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Ovid® (Wolters Kluwer), The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and American Psychological Association (PsycINFO®) databases were searched between May 2019 and January 2020. Data synthesis: Initially, 3,700 records were identified, and 10 papers were obtained through other sources. After the removal of duplicates, 1,732 records were screened based on the titles and abstracts, and 126 were preselected for full-text analysis. After the application of the eligibility criteria, 34 papers were included in the present review. The studies were published between 1997 and 2020. The sample size ranged from <150 to >103,000 adolescents. The prevalence of weight dissatisfaction ranged from 18.0 to 56.6% in both sexes (10.8-82.5% among boys and 19.2-83.8% among girls). Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present systematic review, the prevalence of weight dissatisfaction is high among adolescents, especially girls. Such information can contribute to the planning of health and education programs addressing the issue of weight in adolescents.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar as prevalências de insatisfação com o peso corporal em adolescentes de dez a 19 anos, segundo o sexo. Fontes de dados: Foram selecionados estudos transversais que descreviam as prevalências de insatisfação com o peso em adolescentes saudáveis, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Não foram estabelecidos limites para o ano de publicação ou país. Utilizaram-se as bases de dados US National Library of Medicine/National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Ovid® (Wolters Kluwer), The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) e American Psychological Association (PsycINFO®), entre maio de 2019 e janeiro de 2020. Síntese dos dados: Inicialmente identificaram-se 3.700 registros e dez estudos em outras fontes de dados. Após a remoção dos estudos duplicados, foram rastreados 1.732 registros para a leitura de títulos e resumos, dos quais 126 artigos foram selecionados para avaliação do texto completo. Por fim, foi incluído nesta pesquisa o total de 34 artigos. Os estudos foram publicados entre 1997 e 2020. Os tamanhos amostrais variaram de <150 a >103.000 adolescentes. As prevalências de insatisfação com o peso variaram de 18,0 a 56,6% em ambos os sexos (10,8 a 82,5% no sexo masculino e 19,2 a 83,8% no feminino). Conclusões: Esta revisão identificou elevada prevalência de insatisfação com o peso corporal em adolescentes, superior em meninas. Tais informações podem contribuir para o planejamento de programas de saúde e educação direcionados à questão do peso em adolescentes.

Hábito alimentar de adultos brasileiros segundo a condição na força de trabalho / Eating behavior of Brazilian adults according to workforce position / Hábitos alimentarios de los adultos brasileños según su situación laboral

Resumo O objetivo desse artigo é avaliar o hábito alimentar da população adulta no Brasil segundo a condição na força de trabalho. Realizou-se estudo transversal com dados de 63.782 adultos (18 a 59 anos), participantes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) 2019. A condição na força de trabalho - ocupado, desocupado ou fora da força - foi relacionada com marcadores de consumo alimentar saudável e não saudável. Estimaram-se razões de chance (odds ratio) ajustadas com regressão logística multinomial. Os resultados apontam que, entre os adultos brasileiros, 71,3% estavam ocupados, 6,7% desocupados e 21,9% encontravam-se fora da força de trabalho. Os ocupados apresentaram maior frequência de consumo de frutas, hortaliças e carne vermelha, e menor de feijão. O consumo de frango, bebidas de frutas, cereais, ovos, margarina e pratos prontos/semiprontos foi mais frequente para os desocupados versus ocupados, enquanto o de peixes e tubérculos foi menos frequente. Os adultos fora da força de trabalho, comparados aos ocupados, mostraram menor frequência de consumo de refrigerantes, embutidos, pães de pacote, oleaginosas, assim como do costume de substituir o almoço por lanches. Observaram-se discrepâncias na alimentação segundo a condição de trabalho, sobretudo no consumo de hortaliças, frutas, carnes e feijão, denotando a necessidade de iniciativas de promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável voltadas para a saúde do trabalhador.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate eating habits of the adult population in Brazil according to workforce status. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from 63,782 adults (18-59 years old) participating in the National Health Interview Survey, PNS 2019. Workforce status - employed, unemployed or not part of the workforce - was related to markers of healthy and unhealthy food intake. Adjusted odds ratios were estimated with multinomial logistic regression. Results: Of Brazilian adults, 71.3% were employed, 6.7% were unemployed and 21.9% were outside the workforce. Employed adults showed a higher frequency of fruit, vegetable and red meat intake, and a lower frequency of beans consumption. The consumption of chicken, fruit drinks, cereals, eggs, margarine and ready-made/semi-ready meals was more frequent among the unemployed versus the employed, while fish and root vegetables were less frequently consumed. Adults outside the workforce, compared to the employed, showed a lower frequency of consumption of soft drinks, sausages, packaged bread, oilseeds, as well as the habit of replacing lunch for snacks. Conclusion: Discrepancies in diet were observed according to working condition, especially in the consumption of vegetables, fruits, meat, and beans, denoting the need for initiatives to promote adequate and healthy eating habits to improve workers' health.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar hábitos alimentarios de la población adulta según su situación laboral. Métodos: Estudio transversal con datos de 63.782 adultos brasileros (18-59 años), participantes de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud, PNS-2019. La situación en la población activa, ocupada, desocupada o fuera de ella, estaba relacionada con marcadores de ingesta de alimentos saludables y no saludables. Las odds ratio ajustadas (odds ratio) se estimaron con regresión logística multinomial. Resultados: De los adultos, 71,3% estaban ocupados, 6,7% desocupados y 21,9% fuera de la población activa. Los empleados mostraron mayor frecuencia de consumo de frutas, verduras y carne roja, y una menor de frijoles. El consumo de pollo, bebidas de frutas, cereales, huevos, margarina y platos preparados/semipreparados era más frecuente entre los desocupados frente a los ocupados, mientras que el pescado y los tubérculos eran menos frecuentes. Los adultos fuera de la fuerza de trabajo, en comparación con los empleados, mostraron menor frecuencia de consumo de refrescos, embutidos, pan envasado, semillas oleaginosas, así como el hábito de sustituir el almuerzo por bocadillos. Conclusión: Se observaron discrepancias en la alimentación según la condición de trabajo, especialmente en el consumo de hortalizas, frutas, carnes, frijol, denotando la necesidad de iniciativas de promoción de alimentación saludable dirigida a la salud de los trabajadores.

[Prevalence of chronic diseases and ownership of health insurance among the elderly: comparison of data from the Brazilian National Health Survey of 2013 and 2019]. / Prevalência de doenças crônicas e posse de plano de saúde em idosos: comparação dos dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2013 e 2019.

Information about the prevalence of specific chronic diseases and the ownership of a health plan can help size and monitor care demands. This study aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence of chronic diseases among the elderly, according to the possession of a health plan in 2013 and 2019. This is a population-based cross-sectional study with data from elderly people (age ≥ 60 years) from the Brazilian National Health Survey (2013: n = 11,177; 2019: n = 22,728). The prevalence of self-reported chronic diseases and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated, according to health plan ownership (medical and/or dental) and by year. In the period, increased prevalence was observed for hypertension (PR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.06-1.16), diabetes (PR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.01-1.24), heart disease (PR = 1.21; 95%CI: 1.05-1.39), stroke (PR = 1.27; 95%CI: 1.04-1.54), back pain (PR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.05-1.23), hypercholesterolemia (PR = 1.09; 95%CI: 1.01-1.18), and depression (PR = 1.23; 95%CI: 1.05-1.43) among those without a health plan. In 2019, arthritis/rheumatism (PR = 1.21; 95%CI: 1,03-1,43), hypercholesterolemia (PR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.01-1.26), and depression (PR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.03-1.53) increased among elderly patients with a health plan. The findings showed differences in the prevalence of chronic diseases according to health plan ownership and an increase for some diseases in the period. Health promotion policies with an emphasis on reducing modifiable risk factors need to be maintained and intensified. Particularly for the elderly population, the importance of expanding actions focused on case tracking and early diagnosis, prevention and control of complications that favor equity in care is highlighted.

Informações sobre prevalências de doenças crônicas específicas e posse de plano de saúde podem contribuir para o dimensionamento e monitoramento de demandas assistenciais. O objetivo do estudo foi estimar e comparar as prevalências de doenças crônicas em pessoas idosas, conforme posse de plano de saúde em 2013 e 2019. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional com dados de pessoas idosas (idade ≥ 60 anos) da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (2013: n = 11.177; 2019: n = 22.728). Estimaram-se as prevalências das doenças crônicas autorreferidas e razões de prevalência ajustadas, segundo posse de plano de saúde (médico e/ou odontológico) e ano. No período, houve elevação das prevalências de hipertensão (RP = 1,11; IC95%: 1,06-1,16), diabetes (RP = 1,12; IC95%: 1,01-1,24), doença do coração (RP = 1,21; IC95%: 1,05-1,39), AVC (RP = 1,27; IC95%: 1,04-1,54), problema na coluna (RP = 1,14; IC95%: 1,05-1,23), hipercolesterolemia (RP = 1,09; IC95%: 1,01-1,18) e depressão (RP = 1,23; IC95%: 1,05-1,43) naqueles sem plano de saúde. Em 2019, artrite/reumatismo (RP = 1,21; IC95%: 1,03-1,43), hipercolesterolemia (RP = 1,13; IC95%: 1,01-1,26) e depressão (RP = 1,26; IC95%: 1,03-1,53) aumentaram nas pessoas idosas com plano. Os achados mostraram diferenças nas prevalências das doenças crônicas segundo posse de plano de saúde e aumento para algumas doenças no período. As políticas de promoção de saúde com ênfase na redução dos fatores de risco modificáveis precisam ser mantidas e intensificadas. Particularmente na população idosa, ressalta-se a importância da ampliação de ações voltadas para o rastreamento de casos e diagnóstico precoce, prevenção e controle de complicações que favoreçam a equidade no cuidado.

La información sobre las prevalencias de determinadas enfermedades crónicas y la posesión del plan de salud pueden contribuir a dimensionar y monitorear las demandas asistenciales. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar y comparar las prevalencias de enfermedades crónicas en las personas mayores, conforme la posesión del plan de salud en 2013 y 2019. Se trata de un estudio transversal de base poblacional con datos de personas mayores (edad ≥ 60 años) de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud brasileña (2013: n = 11.177; 2019: n = 22.728). Se estimaron las prevalencias de las enfermedades crónicas autoinformadas y razones de prevalencia ajustadas, según posesión de plan de salud (médico y/o odontológico) y año. En el periodo, se produjo un aumento de la prevalencia de la hipertensión (RP = 1,11; IC95%: 1,06-1,16), diabetes (RP = 1,12; IC95%: 1,01-1,24), enfermedad del corazón (RP = 1,21; IC95%: 1,05-1,39), AVC (RP = 1,27; IC95%: 1,04-1,54), problema en la columna (RP = 1,14; IC95%: 1,05-1,23), hipercolesterolemia (RP = 1,09; IC95%: 1,01-1,18) y depresión (RP = 1,23; IC95%: 1,05-1,43) en aquellos sin seguro de salud. En el 2019, artritis/reumatismo (RP = 1,21; IC95%: 1,03-1,43), hipercolesterolemia (RP = 1,13; IC95%: 1,01-1,26) y la depresión (RP = 1,26; IC95%: 1,03-1,53) aumentaron en las personas mayores con un plan. Los resultados mostraron diferencias en las prevalencias de las enfermedades crónicas según la posesión de plan de salud y un aumento para algunas enfermedades en el período. Es necesario mantener e intensificar las políticas de promoción de la salud con énfasis en la reducción de los factores de riesgo modificables. Particularmente en la población adulta mayor, se resalta la importancia de aumentar el seguimiento de casos y de diagnóstico precoz, prevención y control de complicaciones que favorezcan la equidad en el cuidado.

Prevalence of body weight dissatisfaction among adolescents: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of weight dissatisfaction among adolescents aged 10-19 years and stratify the analysis by sex. DATA SOURCE: A literature review of cross-sectional studies among healthy adolescents was performed. The U.S. National Library of Medicine/National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Ovid® (Wolters Kluwer), The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and American Psychological Association (PsycINFO®) databases were searched between May 2019 and January 2020. DATA SYNTHESIS: Initially, 3,700 records were identified, and 10 papers were obtained through other sources. After the removal of duplicates, 1,732 records were screened based on the titles and abstracts, and 126 were preselected for full-text analysis. After the application of the eligibility criteria, 34 papers were included in the present review. The studies were published between 1997 and 2020. The sample size ranged from <150 to >103,000 adolescents. The prevalence of weight dissatisfaction ranged from 18.0 to 56.6% in both sexes (10.8-82.5% among boys and 19.2-83.8% among girls). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings of the present systematic review, the prevalence of weight dissatisfaction is high among adolescents, especially girls. Such information can contribute to the planning of health and education programs addressing the issue of weight in adolescents.