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1.
Biomed Res Int ; 2020: 9057541, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32964045

RESUMO

More than a quarter of HIV-infected individuals registered in Russia live in Siberia. Unlike Central Russia where HIV-1 subtype A6 is predominant, in most Siberian regions since 2012, a new HIV-1 CRF63_02A1 genetic variant has spread, with the share of this variant attaining 75-85% among newly identified HIV cases. Krasnoyarsk Krai is considered to be a high-risk territory according to morbidity rate and HIV infection incidence among the population. The current paper aims to study the molecular epidemiologic characteristics of HIV-1 spreading in Krasnoyarsk Krai. Phylogenetic and recombination analyses of pol (PR-RT, IN) and env regions of the virus were used for genotyping 159 HIV-1 isolated in Krasnoyarsk Krai. 57.2% of the isolates belonged to subtype A (A6) specific to Russia, 12.6% to CRF63_02A1, and 0.6% to CRF02_AGСА, and in 29.6% HIV-1 URFs were detected, including URF63/А (23.9%), URFА/В (4.4%), and URF02/А (1.3%). In 6 of 7, HIV-1 URFА/В identical recombination model was detected; the origin of 38 URF63/А was proven to be the result of individual recombination events. Since 2015, a share of the population with newly diagnosed HIV who were infected with HIV-1 URF reached an exceptionally high rate of 38.6%. As distinct from adjacent Siberian regions, the HIV-1 CRF63_02A1 prevalence rate in Krasnoyarsk Krai is within 16%; however, the increased contribution of new HIV-1 into the regional epidemic development was observed due to the recombination of viruses of subtypes А, В, and CRF63_02A1. The difference between the described molecular epidemiologic picture in Krasnoyarsk Krai and in adjacent areas is likely caused by differences in predominant routes of HIV transmission and by more recent HIV-1 CRF63_02A1 transmission in the PWID group, which had a high prevalence of HIV-1 subtype A by the time of the new virus transmission, resulting in increased possibility of coinfection with various HIV-1 genetic variants.


Assuntos
Variação Genética/genética , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , HIV-1/genética , Recombinação Genética/genética , Adulto , Epidemias , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Epidemiologia Molecular/métodos , Filogenia , Federação Russa/epidemiologia , Sibéria/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
2.
Arch Virol ; 162(2): 379-390, 2017 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27761744

RESUMO

Kemerovo Oblast (KO) has had the highest rate of HIV spread in Russia since 2011. The aim of this work was to study the genetic variation of HIV-1 in Kemerovo Oblast. Blood was sampled from a total of 91 HIV-positive antiretroviral-therapy-naïve individuals in 2013 (38) and 2015 (53). HIV-1 subtypes, pol gene drug resistance mutations, and viral tropism were analyzed. In 2013-2015, the prevalence of HIV-1 subtype A decreased in KO from 60.5 to 7.5 %. The samples collected in 2015 from the patients with newly diagnosed HIV demonstrate the current dominance of HIV-1 CRF63_02A1 (71.7 %) and HIV-1 URF63_A1 (20.8 %), their parental viruses being CRF63_02A1 and subtype A. The initially predominant genetic variant, HIV-1 subtype A, was replaced in KO. An unusually high incidence of HIV-1 unique recombinant forms is probably the result of HIV-1 CRF63_02A1 introduction in the group of injection drug users with the initial HIV-1 subtype A infection and the practice of risky behavior that promotes reinfection. HIV-1 CRF63_02A1, which recently emerged in Siberia, and its recombinant forms have an ever-increasing impact on the current HIV epidemic in Russia, making urgent the need for in-depth study of this HIV-1 genetic variant.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , HIV-1/genética , Filogenia , Vírus Reordenados/genética , Recombinação Genética , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/epidemiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Genótipo , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/classificação , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Epidemiologia Molecular , Mutação , Filogeografia , Prevalência , Vírus Reordenados/classificação , Vírus Reordenados/isolamento & purificação , Assunção de Riscos , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Sibéria/epidemiologia , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/virologia
3.
Biomed Res Int ; 2016: 2496280, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27957489

RESUMO

Introduction. Specific molecular epidemic features of HIV infection in Tyumen Oblast (TO), Russia, were studied. Methods. The genome sequences encoding HIV-1 protease-reverse transcriptase, integrase, and major envelope protein were examined for 72 HIV-1 specimens isolated from the TO resident infected in 2000-2015. Results. The recorded prevalence of HIV-1 subtype A (A1) is 93.1%; HIV-1 subtype B continues to circulate in MSM risk group (1.4%). Solitary instances of HIV-1 recombinant forms, CRF63_02A1 (1.4%) and CRF03_AB (1.4%), were detected as well as two cases of HIV-1 URF63_A1 (2.8%). Phylogenetic analysis showed no HIV-1 clustering according to the duration of infection and risk groups but revealed different epidemic networks confirming that HIV infection spread within local epidemic foci. A high incidence of CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 variants and a higher rate of secondary mutations influencing the virus fitness (K20R, L10V, and I) are observed among the virus specimens isolated from newly infected individuals. Conclusions. The current HIV-1 epidemic in TO develops within the local epidemic networks. Similar to the previous period, HIV-1 subtype A is predominant in TO with sporadic cases of importation of HIV-1 recombinant forms circulating in adjacent areas.


Assuntos
Antirretrovirais/administração & dosagem , Farmacorresistência Viral/genética , Infecções por HIV , HIV-1/genética , Mutação , Filogenia , Adulto , Farmacorresistência Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sibéria/epidemiologia
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