[X-ray diagnosis of lung cancer and its morphological variants]. / Rentgenodiagnostika raka legkogo i ego morfologicheskikh variantov.

The purpose of the study was to substantiate the capacities of X-ray recognition of the histological types of lung cancer and different tumor differentiation grades. The data available on 238 patients were studied; of them 169 patients were diagnosed as having primary lung cancer that was morphologically verified. In 154 patients, the tumor was not greater than 3.0 cm in diameter and belonged to the main histological types. X-ray study, analogue, digital tomography, X-ray surgery with percutaneous needle biopsy and rapid cytology were used. The diagnosis made by WHO ICD-10 C34.1-3 BDU (probable) and C34.1-3 M (valid) was a criterion for the quality of a accomplished diagnostic case. Of 13 traditional X-ray sings of lung cancer, 6 characteristics of a tumor image were taken for a following analysis. A number of signs correlate with the histological type of lung cancer in the symptom complexes that characterize the image of its histological types. Thus, "specula" are detectable in adenocarcinoma; a lobate pattern and minor focal clarification are also almost without exception characteristic. The differences between the images of squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The statistical models of lung cancer and its types were tested on 60 patients. Implementation of the optimized symptom complex positively changed the parameters of X-ray diagnosis: there were increases in the sensitivity from 68.6% to 80.0%, in the specificity from 24.3% to 65.0%; in the prognostic value of a positive result from 55.6% to 82.1%; in that of a negative result from 34.0% to 64.9%, and in the accuracy from 50.0% to 75.0%.

[A kit of disposable devices for transcutaneous puncture biopsy]. / Nabor ustroistv odnokratnogo primeneniia dlia chreskozhnoi punktsionnoi biopsii.

A kit of disposable devices has been devised for successful and safe puncture biopsy of abnormal formations deeply located in the lung, mediastinum, liver, breast, pleura. The use of the kit provides qualitative instant diagnosis, by decreasing the cost of studies, and rules out transmission of infections (hepatitis, AIDS), implantation of tumor cells into the puncture canal tissues, and reduces the incidence of traumatic pneumothorax and bleeding.

[Complex radiation diagnosis of solitary metastases in the lung]. / Kompleksnaia luchevaia diagnostika solitarnykh metastazov v legkikh.

Analyzing about 1000 cases of metastatic lesion of the lung indicated that the incidence of metastases was 12.9% (117 patients). Computed tomography (CT) enhances the informative value of X-ray studies in solitary metastases. CT detects tumor nodes invisible on routine X-ray films due to their small sizes (up to 1.0 cm) or location in the areas undetectable by other studies (behind the first rib, clavicle, in the posterior phrenicocostal sinus, behind the heart shadow). The sensitivity and accuracy of CT as to small solitary metastatic lymphs in the lung were 97.4 and 89.4%, respectively, which were higher than those of X-ray study (60.0 and 55.3%) and longitudinal tomography (80.0 and 68.0%) at a virtually equal specificity in the three types of studies. The high diagnostic value of a complex radiation study, including CT, and its simplicity make it possible to identify solitary metastatic formations, which is of great importance in choosing adequate but less aggressive treatment.

[Urgent morphologic diagnosis of tracheal tumors in the course of roentgeno-endoscopic study]. / Srochnaia morfologicheskaia diagnostika opukholei trakhei v protsesse rentgenoéndoskopicheskogo issledovaniia.

84 tracheal tumors the correct diagnosis of which was established during roentgenoendoscopical investigation combined with urgent cytological diagnosis are reported. Cytological fast diagnosis can be considered a reliable method of morphological diagnostics.

[Medical and technical evaluation of drying cabinet for radiologic film ShS-160]. / Mediko-tekhnicheskaia otsenka shkafa dlia suchki rentgenovskoi plenki ShS-160.

The paper describes the design of a drying cabinet to be equipped in the X-ray laboratories and its testing results.

[Contemporary methods of the target puncture of the mammary gland]. / Sovremennye metodiki pritselnoi punktsii molochnoi zhelezy.

New accurate methods of puncture of the mammary gland, making use of preliminary layout using roentgenograms, coordination nets, Cytoguide comprter device, and ultrasound-monitored spot biopsy replaced the traditional poorly informative methods. Sonography-monitored puncture is the most informative in cases with both palpated and unpalpated formations shaped as nodules: it permits imaging in 85% of cases. However, in 25-30% of cases unpalpated cancer presents as microcalcinates and cord-like restructuring which cannot be imaged on sonograms. Moreover, unpalpated cancer presenting as a nodule against the background of fatty involution also may be undiscernible on sonograms. In such cases puncture controlled by roentgenography with a computer device and a relevant kit of disposable instruments is advisable, giving accurate information in 61.1% of cases.

[Choice of equipment for the diagnosis of lung diseases]. / Vybor tekhnicheskogo osnashcheniia po algoritmu diagnostiki lëgochnykh zabolevanii.

The paper substantiates the principle of functional auxiliaries which ensure formation of mono- and polyfunctional devices from interchangeable functional elements (modules or units): universal, general for all apparatuses, as well as an auxiliary, specialized for one or some procedures, each devices being centralized in the universal element.

[Technical instrumentation for tracheal endoprosthesis]. / Tekhnicheskoe osnashchenie dlia éndoprotezirovaniia trakhei.

By applying the programme-oriented approach, a tracheal X-ray endoscopic prosthesis system has been worked out. Medical and technical evidence has been provided for the major parameters of the simplest cylindrical endoprosthesis of the trachea with the unique location of projections in a two-way spiral line. A concise programme has been proposed for calculating the above parameters by using the QBASIC language.

[Current possibilities of detecting and diagnosing the early forms of lung cancer]. / Sovremennye vozmozhnosti vyiavleniia i diagnostiki rannikh form raka legkogo.

A long-term experience with oncopulmonary examinations points to their efficacy in detecting lung cancer, early forms included. As a result, the number of primary patients operated on for lung cancer or undergoing lung resection has grown in Leningrad for the past 17 years from 15.6 to 22% and from 13.2 to 19%, respectively. The best diagnostic results for central cancer have been obtained in application of bronchoscopy and with transcutaneous needle biopsy--for peripheral cancer. (The rate of morphological verification of cancer was over 96% for either procedure). The following patterns of early forms of central cancer of the lung have been identified: Ca in situ, microinvasive cancer, incipient invasive cancer and advanced invasive cancer.

[Economic-organizational aspects of technical instrumentation for roentgenopulmonology]. / Ekonomiko-organizatsionnye aspekty tekhnicheskogo osnashcheniia rentgenopul'monologii.

The introduction of X-ray endoscopic rooms (radiology treatment rooms) equipped with appropriate installations into pulmonologic departments provides more valid diagnosis of carcinoma of the lungs, the cost of examinations being increased only by 15.7%. The latter can be compensated for with improved instrumentation of both preventive and general X-ray rooms.

[Shielded viewing window for a x-ray operational block]. / Smotrovoe zashchitnoe okno dlia rentgenooperatsionnogo bloka.

To provide visual control over investigations being performed in the X-ray operation theater, from another room, the authors recommend a shielding sight-window of special construction with two glasses measured 800X500X100 mm arranged between both premises. Such a window provides the observation angle of 85.8 degrees in horizontal plane and -75.9 degrees in vertical plane.