Upper airway obstruction following oropharyngeal bee sting: A case report.

There have been several reports globally of insect stings, which typically occur in the limbs, head, and neck. However, stings in the oropharynx and lower throat are rare but may be life-threatening. Clinical response to a sting range from minor local inflammation with or without envenomation to anaphylaxis. We describe a bee-sting occurring in Ethiopia and how this unpleasant and unusual incident was handled.

Bilateral Upper Limb Complete Phocomelia: A Case Report.

Introduction: Phocomelia is an uncommon congenital condition in which the hand or foot are normal or almost normal but the proximal section of the limb - the humerus or femur, radius or tibia, ulna or fibula -_is missing or noticeably hypoplastic. It refers to how the patient's limbs resemble marine creatures' flippers and its prevalence is 0.62 in 100,000 births. Case: We present a 15-min-old male neonate born to a para-four mother who did not remember her LNMP but claimed to be amenorrheic for the past nine months. The mode of delivery was by cesarean section to extract alive neonate weighing 2.01 kg with APGAR scores of 5 and 6 at first and fifth minutes, respectively. The neonate did not cry and was resuscitated for five minutes. He was then transferred to neonatal intensive care unit for further management and investigations. His vital signs were pulse rate 160 beats per minute, respiratory rate 70 breaths per minute, temperature 33.4 degrees centigrade and saturation was 60% off oxygen. On HEENT anterior fontanelle measures 2 cm by 2 cm and has micrognathia and short neck. On the respiratory system, there were intercostal and subcostal retractions, labored breathing and grunting. On the musculoskeletal system there is bilateral upper extremity shortening, the right lower limb was normal in position and structure, the left leg rotated inward (bent in medially) at the knee joint and foot was normal in structure. Conclusion: Phocomelia is a rare congenital anomaly in which the hand or foot are directly attached to the trunk. Ultrasonography should be done as early as possible to identify fetal anomalies in order to plan subsequent management.

Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among adult diabetic patients attending Bale zone hospitals, South-East Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Anemia found in diabetes patients is often unrecognized like many other chronic diseases. The occurrence of anemia is also an additional burden to the micro vascular complications of patients with diabetes. In the selected study structure no published data were found on the prevalence of anemia and associated factors in diabetic patients. Hence, the findings of this study are very fruitful as an input for further studies and after the repetition of similar studies in different frameworks. It is helpful as input for the development of guidelines at diabetes clinics to request the laboratory assessment of hemoglobin as a routine activity. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among diabetic patients who attended Bale zone hospitals. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was conducted from September 2020-to January 2021 GC among adult diabetic patients who had follow-up at Bale zone hospitals. A total of 238 study participants were determined by single population proportion sample size calculation formula taking prevalence of anemia among adult diabetic patients 19.0%. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Information on demographic and associated factors of anemia in diabetic patients was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Blood sample collection was performed under aseptic conditions by a licensed medical laboratory professional. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1, cleaned and exported to statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 25 software tools. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with anemia in diabetic patients. P-value less than 0.05 and 95% CI were considered as statistically significant. The odds ratios were reported to indicate the strength of associations. Frequencies, percentages, charts and tables were used to summarize the characteristics of study participants. RESULTS: In this study anemia among adult diabetic patients is 18.1% (95% CI (13.2, 23.0%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the sex of the study participants and the type of diabetes mellitus were found to be statistically significant to associate with anemia. The odds of having anemia among females are nearly three times higher when compared with males (AOR 2.78, 95% CI 1.40-5.52). In addition, the odds of having anemia among adult diabetic patients who had type II diabetes mellitus (AOR 2.18, 95%CI 1.04-4.54) were 2.18 times higher than those who had type I diabetes mellitus patients. CONCLUSION: Nearly one out of five adult diabetic patients had anemia. Sex of the patients and the type of diabetes are associated with anemia among adult diabetic patients.