A fully digital workflow involving 3D printed tooth reduction guides and injection resin-indexes to restore an impacted canine.

OBJECTIVE: The present clinical report describes a long-term temporary restorative approach using injectable composite to reshape a canine into a central incisor, within the context of an ongoing orthodontic treatment. This treatment protocol describes a fully-digital workflow, incorporating digital designed and 3D printed diagnostic wax up, reduction guides and resin-injection index. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Effective planning is important when aiming to deliver a comprehensive and multidisciplinary workflow, and digital tools serve as invaluable aids. CONCLUSION: The use of a fully digital workflow in a comprehensive dental treatment resulted in a predictable and successful outcome for a restoration of a canine that was transformed into a central incisor. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This approach highlights the efficacy of digital technology in achieving precise and successful dental restorations, emphasizing its significance in modern dental practice.

In vitro comparative study between complete arch conventional implant impressions and digital implant scans with scannable pick-up impression copings.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Intraoral digital scan techniques have been widely used and sufficient evidence supports this technique in partially edentulous patients. However, the evidence supporting the use of intraoral scanners (IOSs) for edentulous patients is limited. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to measure and compare the accuracy of complete arch conventional pick-up implant impressions with open and closed trays, complete arch digital implant scans with IOSs, and 3-dimensional (3D) printed casts from complete arch digital implant scans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six implants were placed in a mandibular model. Scannable pick-up impression copings were inserted in the implants, scanned with a reference scanner, and exported in standard tessellation language (STL) format (Group Control). Splinted open-tray pick-up impressions (Group OT, n=5) and closed-tray pick-up impressions (Group CT, n=5) were made, and stone casts were fabricated. Digital scans (Group DS, n=5) were made with an IOS, and the STL files were exported to fabricate 3D printed casts (Group STL, n=5). Scannable pick-up impression copings were inserted in the dental implant analogs in Groups OT, CT, and STL and scanned with the reference scanner. Using a 3D inspection software program, the recording techniques were compared with the control. Root mean square (RMS) values were calculated from the control, and superimposed digitized casts from different recording techniques. Analysis of variance was used to determine differences in RMS values, and theTukey post hoc test was used to determine difference between different groups. RESULTS: Group CT had the lowest mean dimensional difference when superimposed with Group Control, followed by Groups DS, OT, and STL. Significant differences were found in RMS values between Control and digitized casts fabricated with different techniques (P<.05). The post hoc Tukey test revealed that Group DS (P<.05) was significantly different from the other groups, while no significant difference was found among Groups CT, OT, and STL (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings of the present study, 3D printed casts from digital scans have the same accuracy as stone casts from conventional impressions in complete arch implant cases. Intraoral scans had the highest accuracy. Complete arch pick-up impression techniques using dual-functioning scannable pick-up impression copings are as accurate as splinted complete arch pick-up impressions.

Skeletal adaptation to mechanical cues during homeostasis and repair: the niche, cells, and molecular signaling.

Bones constantly change and adapt to physical stress throughout a person's life. Mechanical signals are important regulators of bone remodeling and repair by activating skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs) to proliferate and differentiate into bone-forming osteoblasts using molecular signaling mechanisms not yet fully understood. SSPCs reside in a dynamic specialized microenvironment called the niche, where external signals integrate to influence cell maintenance, behavior and fate determination. The nature of the niche in bone, including its cellular and extracellular makeup and regulatory molecular signals, is not completely understood. The mechanisms by which the niche, with all of its components and complexity, is modulated by mechanical signals during homeostasis and repair are virtually unknown. This review summarizes the current view of the cells and signals involved in mechanical adaptation of bone during homeostasis and repair, with an emphasis on identifying novel targets for the prevention and treatment of age-related bone loss and hard-to-heal fractures.

Loss of Notch signaling in skeletal stem cells enhances bone formation with aging.

Skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs) perform bone maintenance and repair. With age, they produce fewer osteoblasts and more adipocytes leading to a loss of skeletal integrity. The molecular mechanisms that underlie this detrimental transformation are largely unknown. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that Notch signaling becomes elevated in SSPCs during aging. To examine the role of increased Notch activity, we deleted Nicastrin, an essential Notch pathway component, in SSPCs in vivo. Middle-aged conditional knockout mice displayed elevated SSPC osteo-lineage gene expression, increased trabecular bone mass, reduced bone marrow adiposity, and enhanced bone repair. Thus, Notch regulates SSPC cell fate decisions, and moderating Notch signaling ameliorates the skeletal aging phenotype, increasing bone mass even beyond that of young mice. Finally, we identified the transcription factor Ebf3 as a downstream mediator of Notch signaling in SSPCs that is dysregulated with aging, highlighting it as a promising therapeutic target to rejuvenate the aged skeleton.

In vitro analysis of durability of S-PRG filler-containing composite crowns for primary molar restoration.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability, maximum principal stress, shear stress, and crack initiation of a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin composite (RC) incorporating surface pre-reacted glass (S-PRG) filler for primary molar teeth. METHODS: Mandibular primary molar crowns fabricated by experimental (EB) or commercially available CAD/CAM RCs (HC) were prepared and cemented to a resinous abutment tooth using an adhesive resin cement (Cem) or a conventional glass-ionomer cement (CX). These specimens were subjected to a single compressive test (n = 5/each) and the step-stress accelerated life testing (SSALT) (n = 12/each). Data was evaluated using Weibull analyses and reliability was calculated. Afterwards, the maximum principal stress and crack initiation point of each crown was analyzed by finite element analysis. To evaluate bonding of EB and HC to dentin, microtensile bond strength (µTBS) testing was conducted using primary molar teeth (n = 10/each). RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the fracture loads of EB and HC for either cement (p > 0.05). The fracture loads of EB-CX and HC-CX were significantly lower than EB-Cem and HC-Cem (p < 0.05). The reliability at 600 N for EB-Cem was greater than that for EB-CX, HC-Cem, and HC-CX. The maximum principal stress concentrated on EB was lower than that on HC. The shear stress concentrated in the cement layer for EB-CX was higher than that for HC-CX. There was no significant difference among the µTBSs of EB-Cem, EB-CX, HC-Cem, and HC-CX (p > 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: The crowns fabricated with the experimental CAD/CAM RC incorporating S-PRG filler yielded greater fracture loads and reliability than the crowns manufactured with commercially available CAD/CAM RC regardless of the luting materials. These findings suggest that the experimental CAD/CAM RC crown may be clinically useful for the restoration of primary molars.

Implant position and guided placement for in-house-produced CAD/CAM restorations with titanium (Ti)-bases.

Digital dentistry has contributed to the evolution and simplification of dental implantology over the last decade. The incorporation of intraoral scanners, CBCT, 3D implant-planning software, and CAD/CAM systems makes prosthetically driven implantology a straightforward process. Such digital resources for treatment planning and execution, following evidence-based concepts, have the ability to improve the long-term esthetics and function of implant-supported restorations as well the long-term survival of dental implants. Dental implants are frequently considered as the first treatment option for replacing failing or missing teeth. However, their use in the esthetic zone remains a challenge for many clinicians. The present article provides clinical guidelines for ideal implant positioning employing computer-guided surgery and chairside CAD/CAM-fabricated provisional and definitive restorations with titanium (Ti)-bases for successful prosthetic outcomes, optimizing gingival architecture, and decreasing overall treatment duration. (Int J Comput Dent 2023;26(1):75-0; doi: 10.3290/j.ijcd.b3818287).

Repair Bond Strength of Aged Composite Resins Using Different Surface Treatment Protocols.

This study evaluated shear bond strength (SBS) of thermally aged composite resins repaired using different surface protocols. Four-hundred composite resin samples were made using the following materials (100 samples per material): Filtek Z350XT (FXT); Spectra Smart (SSM); IPS Empress Direct (EDI); and Forma (FOR). Each group's samples were then divided into 10 groups (n = 10 samples per group): G1: no surface treatment; G2: phosphoric acid-etching + universal-adhesive (PU); G3: surface roughening + PU (RPU); G4: RPU + silane (RPSU); G5: surface roughening + hydrofluoric acid-etching + universal adhesive (RHU); G6: RHU + silane (RHSU); G7: dry sandblast + PU (DsPU); G8: DsPU + silane (DsPSU); G9: wet sandblast + PU (WsPU); and G10: WsPU + silane (WsPSU). G1 was freshly repaired, and G2 to G10 were thermally aged before repair. Specimens were tested for SBS, and the failure type was observed with a magnifying loupe. Representative images were obtained using a scanning electronic microscope. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests (P = .05). Differences were detected among different surface treatments and among different composite resins with equal surface treatments (P < .05). SBS means ranged from 10.48 (FOR:G2) to 20.70 (FXT:G7). The highest SBS values were seen in G7 to G10 (P > .05), while lowest values were generally observed for G2. G1 showed higher results compared to G2 (P < .05), except for EDI (P > .05). Most failures corresponded with cohesive type. In general, thermally aged composite resin presented a decreased repair bond strength potential when no additional surface treatment was applied. Sandblasting improved the SBS of repaired aged composite resins.

Full digital workflow to resolve angled adjacent dental implants: A dental technique.

The digital acquisition, fabrication process, and delivery of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture (CAD-CAM) implant-supported restorations on angled adjacent implants are described. The proximal surface of a scan post was modified for correct adaptation, permitting an accurate digital scan of adjacent implants in 1 step. Definitive screw-retained splinted implant-supported restorations were designed and milled in a zirconia material and delivered with a combined extraoral and intraoral cementation protocol.

Analysis of the mesh resolution of an .STL exported from an intraoral scanner file.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to provide information on the accuracy of exported digital files with the different resolutions available in the CEREC 4.6.2 software obtained by means of an intraoral scanner (IOS), in addition to establishing differences between materialized models with different exported resolutions, and how these different exported files can influence finite element analysis (FEA) simulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The upper complete arch of 10 patients was scanned through an IOS (CEREC Omnicam 1.0/Dentsply Sirona). Files of three resolution meshes digitalized by a CAD software (Cerec SW, 4.6.2) high, medium and low (IOSH, IOSM, and IOSL) were exported. Each file was evaluated by a software (NETFABB) about the number of triangles obtained and compared with the number announced by the manufacturer. Also, with a superimposition with a specialized software (GEOMAGIC X), the digital models were compared. The files of each resolution were printed (Sprintray 3D Printer), and the printed models were scanned with IOS (Omnicam 1.0) and compared with the control group (intraoral scanned high-resolution file, IOSH). FEA simulations were imported into COMSOL and analyzed under different loading conditions. RESULTS: The number of exported triangles coincided with that reported by the manufacturer. The digital models from files of different resolution did not show significant differences (less than 1.5 um) between each other. Models printed (H, M, L) from files of the same resolution mesh (H, M, L) did not show significant differences between them either in partial measures of the arch and neither in the complete arch. FEA showed significant differences in stress concentration between different exported models. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Digital models can be exported and printed in three resolutions of the mesh, without differences clinically significative. On the other hand, for future FEA applications further research should be performed in order to determine the optimal number of triangles.

The Computer Aided Design/press technique: Fabrication of zirconia-reinforced lithium disilicate restorations for treatment of extensive noncarious cervical lesions.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this case report is to present the CAD/Press technique; a workflow that combines digital design, milled, or 3D printed burnout molds, and a new pressable ceramic material for the treatment of extensive noncarious lesions with minimal invasive indirect ceramic restorations. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Clinical decisions from material selection, preparation design, manufacturing techniques to adhesive protocols will be discussed, as they are important factors for achieving long-term clinical success while preserving healthy tooth structure. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The presented workflow aims to ease clinical decisions when restoring extensive cases with indirect restorations and show clinicians a workflow combining several techniques.

3D-printed resins for provisional dental restorations: Comparison of mechanical and biological properties.

OBJECTIVES: To characterize the mechanical and biological properties of three commercially available resins, which are currently used for provisional restorations and to compare them to an experimental resin intended for definitive fixed dental prostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three commercially available resins: Crowntec (CT, Saremco), Temporary C&B (FL, Formlabs), C&B MFH (ND, Nextdent), and the experimental resin: Permanent Bridge (PB, Saremco) were printed and subjected to biaxial flexural strength test, finite element analysis, Weibull analysis, scanning electron microscopy, cell proliferation, immunohistochemistry and cytotoxicity assays. Samples from CT, PB, and ND were provided directly from the manufacturers ensuring ideal workflow. FL was printed using the workflow as recommended by the manufacturer, using a Formlabs 2 printer and their post-processing units Form Wash and Form Cure. RESULTS: From the tested resins, PB yielded the best overall results in terms of mechanical properties. Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity did not show any significant differences among materials. PB showed higher values for probability of survival predictions (35%) when subjected to 250 MPa loads, whereas the other materials did not reach 10%. SIGNIFICANCE: Despite mechanical differences between the evaluated materials, the outcomes suggest that 3D printed provisional resins may be used in clinical settings, following the manufacturers indications. New materials intended for long-term use, such as the PB resin, yielded higher mechanical properties compared to the other materials. Alternative printing and post-processing methods have not yet been evaluated and should be avoided until further literature is available. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: 3D printed resins for provisional restorations have become popular with the emergence of new technologies. In this study, we evaluated three different commercially available resins for provisional restorations and one new experimental resin. The results from this study indicate that commercially available resins could be used in clinical settings under certain conditions and limited periods of time. Following the manufacturers protocols is of paramount importance to not compromise these properties.

A comparison of ceramic crown color difference between different shade selection methods: Visual, digital camera, and smartphone.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The light source stability of digital cameras and smartphones is important in shade matching in restorative and prosthetic dentistry to communicate objectively with the dental laboratory. Techniques that standardize the light source of such devices are lacking, and this limitation can lead to color mismatches, difficulties in color communication, and treatment documentation. PURPOSE: The purpose of this clinical study was to compare the magnitude of color difference (ΔE) among 3 shade selection methods during the fabrication of ceramic crowns: visual shade selection with a shade guide, digital shade selection with a digital camera and cross-polarizing filter, and digital shade selection with a smartphone and a light-correcting device. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-five patients in need of ceramic crowns were enrolled, and shade selection was evaluated according to different protocols: visual shade selection (A-D shade guide and IPS Natural Die Material Shade Guide, sent to the dental laboratory technician via a laboratory prescription); digital shade selection with a digital camera (D7000; Nikon Corp) with an 85-mm lens and wireless close-up flash, with and without a cross-polarizing filter (Polar eyes); and digital shade selection with a smartphone and a light-correcting device (iPhone XS attached to Smile Lite MDP, with and without its cross-polarizing filter accessory). Information from the smartphone was imported to an app (IPS e.max Shade Navigation App; Ivoclar AG) that converted the reading to a shade and level of translucency for the ceramic restoration. For all photographs, a gray reference card with known color values was positioned by the mandibular teeth and was used for white balancing of the digital photographs with a software program. All photographs were edited and sent to the dental laboratory: white-balanced with the shade guide; white-balanced with the substrate shade guide; black and white; saturated; and cross-polarized. Ceramic crowns were made with the same lithium disilicate material (IPS e.max CAD; Ivoclar AG) and cemented with the same resin cement (RelyX Ultimate Clicker, A3 shade; 3M). The ΔE values between the crown and the adjacent tooth were determined. The data were analyzed by using a 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc tests (α=.05). RESULTS: The mean ΔE between a cemented ceramic crown and the adjacent tooth in the visual shade selection group was 5.32, significantly different than both digital camera (ΔE=2.75; P=.002) and smartphone (ΔE=2.34; P=.001), which were not different from each other (P=.857). CONCLUSIONS: The digital shade selection with photographs acquired with both a digital camera and a smartphone with a light-correcting device showed a threshold within the acceptable values (ΔE<3.7), whereas the visual shade selection showed an average ΔE above the threshold for acceptable values (ΔE>3.7). The use of a gray reference card helped standardize the white balance from the digital images.

Physiochemical and bactericidal activity evaluation: Silver-augmented 3D-printed scaffolds-An in vitro study.

HYPOTHESIS: Injuries requiring resection of tissue followed by autogenous bone transfer may be prone to infection by Staphylococcus aureus, impeding recovery and increasing medical costs. For critical sized defects, the common approach to reconstruction is a tissue transfer procedure but is subject to limitations (e.g., donor site morbidity, cost, operating time). Utilizing beta tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP) as bone grafting material augmented with silver (Ag), a custom graft may be 3D printed to overcome limitations and minimize potential infections. EXPERIMENTS: Scaffolds were 3D printed and augmented with Ag by external attack on the surface by silver nitrate (AgNO3 ) at varying concentrations (0.1, 1.0, 10% wt/wt of scaffold). The augmented scaffolds were evaluated utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) to verify the presence of Ag and phosphate (PO4 ) groups followed by electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to gather information of chemical and physical properties. Preliminary biocompatibility and bactericidal capacity of the scaffolds were tested using human osteoprogenitor (hOP) cells and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus strain, respectively. RESULTS: XRD, FTIR, ICP-MS, TGA, and DSC confirmed presence of Ag and PO4 groups, whereas electron microscopy showed a decrease in Ca and an increase in Ag ions, decreasing Ca/P ratio with increasing surfactant concentrations. PrestoBlue assays yielded an increase in fluorescence cell counts among experimental groups with lower concentrations of Ag characterized by their characteristic trapezoidal shape whereas cytotoxicity was observed at higher concentrations. Similar observations were made with alkaline phosphatase assays. Antimicrobial evaluation showed reduced colony-forming units (CFU) among all experimental groups when compared to 100% ß-TCP. ß-TCP scaffolds augmented with Ag ions facilitate antibacterial effects while promoting osteoblast adhesion and proliferation.

Digital Implant Planning and Surgical Guides: Tools for Clinical Success.

Digital technologies have fundamentally changed treatment planning, surgical placement, and restoration of dental implants, improving clinical success while saving valuable chairtime. Intraoral scanners (IOS), cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), 3D implant planning software, and CAD/CAM systems that fabricate surgical guides and provisional and definitive restorations have become standard tools for precise implant placement and ideal restoration design, which are essential for optimal and long-term esthetic and functional success. This article summarizes clinical guidelines for integration of digital technologies in implant dentistry.

Multidisciplinary clinical approach of an orthodontic treatment and complete digital rehabilitation of laminate veneers for esthetically compromised worn teeth.

AIM: The present clinical case reports on the workflow of a multidisciplinary treatment including both orthodontic and esthetic procedures for the rehabilitation of a young patient with severe wear in the anterior area of both the maxillary and mandibular arches due to malocclusion. The described workflow comprises a digital step-by-step process that involves 3D printing, intraoral scanners, and CAD/CAM milling systems. RESULTS: Accurate diagnostic and treatment planning were paramount when different specialties needed to combine and work together. For that purpose, different digital procedures helped to improve the predictability and the dynamic of the orthodontic and restorative treatments. CONCLUSION: The present multidisciplinary clinical case was executed with a digital approach that assisted to speed things up and achieve a predictable treatment option.

Effect of different fabrication steps on color and translucency of a CAD-CAM feldspathic ceramic.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate color differences (ΔE) of different fabrication steps performed on a feldspathic ceramic and relative translucency parameter (RTP) after glazing; and to evaluate their effects on the color parameters: L*, a* and b*. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) feldspathic maxillary right central incisor ceramic crowns (Cerec Blocs; 1.4 mm thickness) were fabricated through scanning a model preparation and milling. A total of 20 specimens were used and different parameters were compared with each other for color difference (ΔE): original block, milling, polishing, glazing and try-in cements; RTP was measured after glazing. Color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) were evaluated after each step with a spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade V) and compared using the CIEDE2000 formula. Statistical analyses were done using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests. RESULTS: The highest ΔE value was observed for Original versus Milling group (4.73) and the lowest for Polishing versus Glazing (0.49). RTP after glazing presented a value of 12.01. L*, a*, and b* parameters were different among groups. Milling group was the one that presented more differences compared to the Original block regarding L*, a*, and b* parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Different fabrication steps resulted in perceptible color differences within themselves, and L*, a*, and b* parameters changed according to each step. All milling specimens presented unacceptable color differences when compared to the other steps, and milling specimens showed all color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) statistically different compared to the Original block. A high RTP value was observed, demonstrating that, at 1.4 mm thickness, the feldspathic ceramic presented high translucency, showing that opacification of substrate might be necessary. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Different fabrication steps can greatly affect the optical properties of the feldspathic ceramic restoration studied and cause a relevant impact when compared to the ceramic block itself. Crowns evaluated right after milling presented the highest color differences. In order to obtain optical properties as close as possible to the original feldspathic ceramic block, either polishing or polishing and glazing needs to be performed.

Esthetic Restoration of Severely Discolored and Periodontically Compromised Teeth With Novel Digital Workflow.

The objective of this article is to describe to clinicians and dental technicians a novel approach regarding a digital workflow that combines the use of different CAD/CAM software programs to successfully address the challenge of achieving esthetic success in difficult cases. The "ReShape" concept for morphological and esthetic enhancement of monolithic ceramic restorations presents a unique digital workflow that facilitates production of restorations with natural morphology and surface texture, less need for post-milling characterizations, and excellent esthetic results. This approach is aimed at improving the quality of monolithic ceramic restorations fabricated via CAD/CAM technology by combining the acquisition software of an intraoral scanner with a design software.

Esthetic Restoration of Severely Discolored and Periodontically Compromised Teeth With Novel Digital Workflow.

The implementation of digital technologies for interdisciplinary treatment planning and fabrication of monolithic ceramic restorations is a standard protocol in modern dentistry. Teeth with severe discoloration, soft-tissue defects, and multiple diastemas are common challenges clinicians face when performing restorative dentistry. The objective of this article is to describe to clinicians and dental technicians a novel approach regarding a digital workflow that combines the use of different CAD/CAM software programs to successfully address the challenge of achieving esthetic success in difficult cases. The "ReShape" concept for morphological and esthetic enhancement of monolithic ceramic restorations presents a unique digital workflow that facilitates production of restorations with natural morphology and surface texture, less need for post-milling characterizations, and excellent esthetic results. This approach is aimed at improving the quality of monolithic ceramic restorations fabricated via CAD/CAM technology by combining the acquisition software of an intraoral scanner with a design software.

Workflow of digitally guided direct composite resin restorations using ?open source software and 3D printing: a clinical technique.

Objective: To describe how to perform, in a simple manner, a digital wax-up with ?open source software for a clinical application involving direct ?composit?e resin restorations. Report: The clinical technique described presents a simple and highly predictable way of performing direct restorations with the help of a digital wax-up made with ?open source software. ?It uses an open source digital tooth library? to reestablish a more harmonious smile architecture, specifically of teeth that were worn due to parafunction, and restored with direct composite resin restorations.
Conclusions: Thanks to the technology that was used in this case, fast, affordable and accurate results c?ould be obtained. In addition, digital files can be stored, saving material, time, and space, and allowing identical replication of the work either virtually or printed at any time, if needed. (Quintessence Int 2021;52:104-110; doi: 10.3290/j.qi.a45426)

Microcomputed tomography evaluation of cement film thickness of veneers and crowns made with conventional and 3D printed provisional materials.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, through microcomputed tomography (µCT), the cement film thickness of veneers and crowns made with different provisional materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A veneer and a crown preparation were performed on a central incisor and a second molar of a dental model, respectively, scanned with an intraoral scanner, and the .stl files were exported to an LCD-based SLA three-dimensional (3D)-Printer. Twenty-four preparations were 3D-printed for each veneer and crown and divided into four groups (n = 6/group): (a) Acrylic resin (Acrílico Marche); (b) Bisacrylic resin (Protemp 4); (c) PMMA computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) (Vipiblock); and (d) 3D-printed resin for provisional restorations (Raydent C&B for temporary crown and bridge). Veneers and crowns restorations were performed and cemented with a flowable composite. Each specimen was scanned with a µCT apparatus, files were imported for data analysis, and cement film thickness was quantitatively measured. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (α = .05). RESULTS: Crowns presented a thicker cementation film than veneers (P < .05).The bisacrylic resin showed the smallest veneer film thickness, similar to the acrylic resin (P = .151), which was not significantly different than the PMMA CAD/CAM material (P = .153). The 3D printed provisional material showed the thicker film, different than all other materials (P < .05). The bisacrylic resin showed a cement film thickness with a high number of voids in its surface. For crowns cementation, the 3D printed provisional material showed the thicker cementation film, different than all other materials (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Different provisional materials present different film thicknesses. The 3D printed provisional material showed the highest veneer and crown film thicknesses. Veneers film thicknesses were smaller than crowns for all provisional materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The 3D printed provisional material studied can be satisfactorily used, presenting appropriate adaptation with the tooth preparation, however, it shows the highest cement film thickness for both veneers and crowns cementations when compared with other provisional materials. A better internal fit, or smaller cement film thickness is obtained by CAD/CAM materials, acrylic and bisacrylic resins. Veneer cementation showed a smaller cement film thickness compared with crown cementation for all provisional materials.