Les tumeurs de l'uretre chez l'homme. A propos de 7 cas

Objectif : Etudier les aspects epidemiologiques; diagnostiques et therapeutiques des tumeurs primitives de l'uretre chez l'homme. Patients et methodes : Il s'agit d'une etude retrospective portant sur 7 cas de tumeurs de l'uretre masculin colliges dans notre institution sur une periode de 16 ans (1989-2005). Plusieurs parametres ont ete analyses a savoir l'age des patients; les antecedents; les signes cliniques; l'imagerie et le traitement ainsi que le suiviResultats: L'age moyen des patients etait de 56;1 ans. Les antecedents montraient des uretrites a repetition (4 cas) et une stenose cervico-uretrale traitee (4 cas). Les circonstances de decouverte de la tumeur etaient des signes irritatifs et obstructifs chroniques chez tous nos patients; une notion de retention aigue d'urine chez 5 patients; une uretrorragie et une pyurie dans 5 cas et une alteration de l'etat general dans 3 cas. La plupart de nos patients avaient plus d'un signe. Le diagnostic a ete evoque par l'uretrocystographie retrograde et mictionnelle et confirme par l'uretrocystoscopie avec biopsie. Tous nos patients avaient un carcinome epidermoide. La tumeur etait diagnostiquee au stade locoregional dans 6 patients. Le traitement etait endoscopique (une resection trans-uretrale) chez un patient et chirurgical dans 2 cas: uretrectomie associee a une cystoprostatectomie et une derivation urinaire type Coffey chez un patient qui presentait une tumeur de l'uretre prostatique stade T3N0M0: amputation de verge avec uretrostomie perineale et orchidectomie chez un patient qui presentait une tumeur au niveau de l'uretre bulbomembraneux (stade T4N0M0 avec atteinte scrotale). Une radiotherapie adjuvante a ete realisee dans ces 2 cas. Un parage chirurgical d'un phlegmon de verge provoque par la tumeur de l'uretre a ete realise chez 3 patients avec la mise en place d'une sonde vesicale a demeure dans un cas; d'une cystostomie definitive chez les 2 autres. Le dernier patient avait un envahissement ganglionnaire bilateral et a ete confie pour radiotherapie preoperatoire; mais 3 mois plus tard il a developpe des metastases pulmonaires et il est decede. La chimiotherapie n'a pas ete utilisee chez nos malades. Le recul moyen etait de 9;5 mois. Trois patients ont ete en remission complete: deux avaient beneficie d'un traitement chirurgical et un d'un traitement endoscopique. Un patient est decede et les 3 autres ont ete perdus de vue .Conclusion: Les tumeurs de l'uretre masculin restent d'un pronostic gravissime malgre les divers traitements proposes. Leur rarete rend difficile l'evaluation des moyens therapeutiques qui seront fonction de l'extension ganglionnaire et du stade de la tumeur

[Percutaneous nephrostomy: use of a simple inexpensive material in emergencies in precarious conditions]. / La néphrostomie percutanée: utilisation d'un matériel simple peu onéreux dans des conditions d'urgence en situation précaire.

We describe a cheap and simply technique of percutaneous nephrostomy which can be used anywhere. It consists, under local anesthesia, of insertion of a drain into renal cavity using only a needle, a sheat and dilatator. With this technique, we placed 81 PCN with 97% of success, without complication.

[Transitional cell carcinoma on ureteral stump after nephrectomy for pyonephrosis]. / Carcinome à cellules transitionnelles du moignon urétéral après néphrectomie pour pyonéphrose.

The authors report a case of transitional cell carcinoma of the left ureteral stump in a 66-year old man treated by nephrectomy for pyonephrosis 6 years previously and cystoprostatectomy for bladder tumour 13 years previously. In the light of this case and based on a review of the literature, they essentially discuss the diagnostic and aetiopathogenic problems raised by this disease.

[Major renal trauma: report of 18 cases]. / Les traumatismes rénaux majeurs: à propos de 18 cas.

The authors report a retrospective study concerning 18 patients having major renal trauma. The patients study group was comprised of 11 males (61%) and seven females (39%) with a mean age of 23 years. The etiologic agents were traffic accident (eight cases), falls (five cases) and stab wounds (five cases). Gross hematuria was present in all the patients. After radiologic investigations the renal injuries were classified according to the American Association for Surgery of Trauma. Two patients were in stage V, seven in stage IV and nine in stage III. Three patients were operated in emergency for hemodynamic instability, two had a total nephrectomy and one a partial nephrectomy. Five patients underwent surgery between the 5th and 7th day, three had a suture of the renal parenchyma under a nephrostomy, one a partial nephrectomy and the third a total nephrectomy. Two patients had only a urinary drainage by placement of an ureteral stent in order to diminish the urohematoma. Eight patients were treated conservatively and all were in stage III. The mean retreat was 16 months. There was no mortality and among the eight patients who underwent surgery, none had complications, aside from two wound infections. The patients who were managed conservatively had good progression; they all had a control by computed tomography which showed that the urohematoma had decreased. None of the patients developed hypertension or infection of the urohematoma.

[Vesico-uterine fistula. Report of 10 cases]. / Fistules vésico-utérines. A propos de dix observations.

OBJECTIVE: To study the aetiopathogenics, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors report a series of 10 vesico-uterine fistulas observed over à 10 years period. The mean age was 32 years(30-40). The fistulas were secondary to cesarian section in 6 cases and to abnormal delivery in 4 cases. The symptomatology was an urinary leakage from the vagina in 6 cases, an isolated cyclic hematuria in 3 cases and the association of the two signs in one case. The diagnostic was established on clinical examination in 8 cases. Intraveinous urography was performed in all the patients and visualised the uterine cavity in only 8 cases. In the 2 remaining cases a retrograd cystography was performed and demonstrated the opacification of the uterine cavity. The treatment was surgical in 9 cases. One patient who had a menuria has refused the operation. RESULTS: The diagnostic of the vesico-uterine fistulas is often based on clinic examination but often necessitate recourse to complementary examinations mostly in the menouria forms. The intraveinous urography does not establish the diagnostic in all the cases but is an indispensable complementary investigation because it permits searching for an associated ureteral injury. With a mean recoil of one year the results judged on the disappearance of the clinic signs was good in all the patients. CONCLUSION: The vesico-uterine fistulas are often secondary to cesarian section or abnormal delivery. Their treatment is surgical but is above all preventive by the improvement of the obstetric taking care and avoiding the vesical injuries in the course of the cesarian section.

[Malignant testicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a young subject]. / Lymphome malin non hodgkinien testiculaire du sujet jeune.

The authors report a rare case of testicular non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (NHML) in a 21-year-old man with a fatal outcome. In the light of the literature, they analyse the clinical features, clinical course and treatment of this lymphoma.