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1.
Vet Pathol ; 60(1): 52-59, 2023 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36286074

RESUMO

Fluorescence imitating brightfield imaging (FIBI) is a novel microscopy method that allows for real-time, nondestructive, slide-free tissue imaging of fresh, formalin-fixed, or paraffin-embedded tissue. The nondestructive nature of the technology permits tissue preservation for downstream analyses. The objective of this observational study was to assess the utility of FIBI compared with conventional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained histology slides in feline gastrointestinal histopathology. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded full-thickness small intestinal tissue specimens from 50 cases of feline chronic enteropathy were evaluated. The ability of FIBI to evaluate predetermined morphological features (epithelium, villi, crypts, lacteals, fibrosis, submucosa, and muscularis propria) and inflammatory cells was assessed on a 3-point scale (0 = FIBI cannot identify the feature; 1 = FIBI can identify the feature; 2 = FIBI can identify the feature with more certainty than H&E). H&E and FIBI images were also scored according to World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) Gastrointestinal Standardization Group guidelines. FIBI identified morphological features with similar or, in some cases, higher confidence compared with H&E images. The identification of inflammatory cells was less consistent. FIBI and H&E images showed an overall poor agreement with regard to the assigned WSAVA scores. While FIBI showed an equal or better ability to identify morphological features in intestinal biopsies, its ability to identify inflammatory cells is currently inferior compared with H&E-based imaging. Future studies on the utility of FIBI as a diagnostic tool for noninflammatory histopathologic lesions are warranted.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Gatos , Animais , Microscopia/veterinária , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/patologia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/veterinária , Intestino Delgado/patologia , Duodeno/patologia , Biópsia/veterinária , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Gato/patologia
2.
Elife ; 112022 06 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35662394

RESUMO

LRRTMs are postsynaptic cell adhesion proteins that have region-restricted expression in the brain. To determine their role in the molecular organization of synapses in vivo, we studied synapse development and plasticity in hippocampal neuronal circuits in mice lacking both Lrrtm1 and Lrrtm2. We found that LRRTM1 and LRRTM2 regulate the density and morphological integrity of excitatory synapses on CA1 pyramidal neurons in the developing brain but are not essential for these roles in the mature circuit. Further, they are required for long-term-potentiation in the CA3-CA1 pathway and the dentate gyrus, and for enduring fear memory in both the developing and mature brain. Our data show that LRRTM1 and LRRTM2 regulate synapse development and function in a cell-type and developmental-stage-specific manner, and thereby contribute to the fine-tuning of hippocampal circuit connectivity and plasticity.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Moléculas de Adesão de Célula Nervosa , Animais , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Potenciação de Longa Duração/fisiologia , Camundongos , Moléculas de Adesão de Célula Nervosa/metabolismo , Sinapses/fisiologia
3.
Can J Hosp Pharm ; 68(4): 296-303, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26327703

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) is a potassium-binding resin that is commonly used to treat mild hyperkalemia. However, there is limited evidence supporting its effectiveness in the short-term management of hyperkalemia. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether SPS is effective in reducing serum potassium in general medical patients after a single oral dose. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted for patients admitted to the internal medicine service of a tertiary care hospital between January 2011 and May 2012 with documentation of a serum potassium level between 5.0 and 5.9 mmol/L during the hospital stay. Patients eligible for inclusion were adults without chronic or acute renal failure or recent changes in medication or diet that would affect serum potassium level. Propensity score matching was performed to minimize differences between the control group (no treatment) and the treatment group (treatment with oral SPS). Follow-up serum potassium levels (at 6-24 h) were compared with index potassium levels. RESULTS: A total of 138 patients met the inclusion criteria, 72 in the control group and 66 in the treatment group. For most patients in the treatment group, the dose was 15 or 30 g of SPS orally. The difference between the control and treatment groups in terms of mean change in serum potassium at 6 to 24 h after the index potassium measurement was statistically significant (by paired t test) in both an unmatched analysis (-0.41 ± 0.50 and -0.58 ± 0.39 mmol/L, respectively; p = 0.039) and a matched analysis (-0.44 ± 0.29 and -0.58 ± 0.39 mmol/L, respectively; p = 0.026). No difference was observed in terms of mean change in serum potassium between patients who received 15 and 30 g of SPS (-0.51 ± 0.38 and -0.66 ± 0.40 mmol/L, respectively; p = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with mild hyperkalemia, oral SPS therapy reduced serum potassium by 0.14 mmol/L more than control. Although this difference was statistically significant, the small treatment effect observed in this study may not be clinically important. Furthermore, the cost and potential adverse effects of treatment suggest that routine use of SPS may be inappropriate for patients with mild hyperkalemia. Prospective randomized controlled trials would help in further evaluating the effectiveness and safety of SPS.


CONTEXTE: Le sulfonate de polystyrène sodique (SPS), une résine qui fixe le potassium, est fréquemment employé pour traiter l'hyperkaliémie légère. Or, peu de données appuient son efficacité réelle dans le traitement à court terme de ce trouble. OBJECTIF: Déterminer si le SPS permet de réduire les taux sériques de potassium chez les patients traités en médecine générale après administration d'une seule dose par voie orale. MÉTHODES: Une étude d'observation rétrospective a porté sur des patients hospitalisés au service de médecine interne d'un centre hospitalier de soins tertiaires entre janvier 2011 et mai 2012 qui ont présenté des taux sériques de potassium entre 5,0 et 5,9 mmol/L durant leur séjour. Seuls étaient admissibles à l'étude les patients adultes sans insuffisance rénale chronique ou aiguë et sans changement récent à leur pharmacothérapie ou à leur diète qui pourrait influencer leur taux de potassium sérique. Un appariement par scores de propension a été réalisé afin de réduire au minimum les différences entre le groupe témoin (sans traitement) et le groupe traité (administration de SPS par voie orale). Les kaliémies de contrôle (de 6 heures à 24 heures plus tard) ont été comparées aux indices d'hyperkaliémie. RÉSULTATS: En tout, 138 patients ont satisfait aux critères d'inclusion; 72 ont été placés dans le groupe témoin et 66 dans le groupe traité. La dose de SPS administrée aux patients du groupe traité était généralement de 15 g ou de 30 g par voie orale. En ce qui concerne le changement moyen des taux sériques de potassium mesurés de 6 à 24 heures suivant les indices d'hyperkaliémie, la différence entre le groupe témoin et le groupe traité était statistiquement significative (selon un test t pour échantillons appariés), et ce, autant dans une analyse non appariée (respectivement −0,41 ± 0,50 et −0,58 ± 0,39 mmol/L; p = 0,039) que dans une analyse appariée (respectivement −0,44 ± 0,29 et −0,58 ± 0,39 mmol/L; p = 0,026). Aucune différence n'a été observée en ce qui a trait au changement moyen des taux sériques de potassium entre les patients ayant reçu 15 g de SPS et ceux en ayant reçu 30 g (respectivement −0,51 ± 0,38 et −0,66 ± 0,40 mmol/L; p = 0,13). CONCLUSIONS: Chez les patients présentant une hyperkaliémie légère traités à l'aide de SPS par voie orale, on a observé une baisse des taux sériques de potassium de 0,14 mmol/L de plus que chez ceux du groupe témoin. Bien que cette différence fût statistiquement significative, le faible effet thérapeutique relevé dans cette étude pourrait ne pas être cliniquement important. De plus, les coûts ainsi que les effets indésirables potentiels du traitement laissent croire que le recours systématique au SPS pourrait être inapproprié pour les patients atteints d'hyperkaliémie légère. Des essais cliniques comparatifs aléatoires prospectifs aideraient à évaluer plus en profondeur l'efficacité réelle et l'innocuité du SPS.

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