Communication with parents and body satisfaction in college students.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined how communication with parents is related to college students' body satisfaction. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Participants (N = 134; 58 males and 76 females) completed a survey in March 2011 assessing body satisfaction and perceptions of communication with mothers and fathers. RESULTS: Daughters' body satisfaction was negatively correlated with perceptions of problematic communication with mothers and fathers. Sons' body satisfaction was positively correlated with open communication with their mothers and negatively correlated with problematic communication with their mothers. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicated problematic communication with mothers was the most powerful predictor of daughters' body satisfaction, whereas open communication with mothers was the best predictor of sons' body satisfaction.

The presence of N-terminal secretion signal sequences leads to strong stimulation of the total expression levels of three tested medically important proteins during high-cell-density cultivations of Escherichia coli.

Genetic optimizations to achieve high-level production of three different proteins of medical importance for humans, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon alpha 2b (IFN-alpha2b), and single-chain antibody variable fragment (scFv-phOx), were investigated during high-cell-density cultivations of Escherichia coli. All three proteins were poorly expressed when put under control of the strong Pm/xylS promoter/regulator system, but high volumetric yields of GM-CSF and scFv-phOx (up to 1.7 and 2.3 g/liter, respectively) were achieved when the respective genes were fused to a translocation signal sequence. The choice of signal sequence, pelB, ompA, or synthetic signal sequence CSP, displayed a high and specific impact on the total expression levels for these two proteins. Data obtained by quantitative PCR confirmed relatively high in vivo transcript levels without using a fused signal sequence, suggesting that the signal sequences mainly stimulate translation. IFN-alpha2b expression remained poor even when fused to a signal sequence, and an alternative IFN-alpha2b coding sequence that was optimized for effective expression in Escherichia coli was therefore synthesized. The total expression level of this optimized gene remained low, while high-level production (0.6 g/liter) was achieved when the gene was fused to a signal sequence. Together, our results demonstrate a critical role of signal sequences for achieving industrial level expression of three human proteins in E. coli under the conditions tested, and this effect has to our knowledge not previously been systematically investigated.

Broad-host-range plasmid pJB658 can be used for industrial-level production of a secreted host-toxic single-chain antibody fragment in Escherichia coli.

In industrial scale recombinant protein production it is often of interest to be able to translocate the product to reduce downstream costs, and heterologous proteins may require the oxidative environment outside of the cytoplasm for correct folding. High-level expression combined with translocation to the periplasm is often toxic to the host, and expression systems that can be used to fine-tune the production levels are therefore important. We previously constructed vector pJB658, which harbors the broad-host-range RK2 minireplicon and the inducible Pm/xylS promoter system, and we here explore the potential of this unique system to manipulate the expression and translocation of a host-toxic single-chain antibody variable fragment with affinity for hapten 2-phenyloxazol-5-one (phOx) (scFv-phOx). Fine-tuning of scFv-phOx levels was achieved by varying the concentrations of inducers and the vector copy number and also different signal sequences. Our data show that periplasmic accumulation of scFv-phOx leads to cell lysis, and we demonstrate the importance of controlled and high expression rates to achieve high product yields. By optimizing such parameters we show that soluble scFv-phOx could be produced to a high volumetric yield (1.2 g/liter) in high-cell-density cultures of Escherichia coli.

Managing the outcomes of discovered deception.

This study analyzed strategies individuals use to manage the discovery of deception in a relationship. A sample of 210 participants completed questionnaires detailing their use of repair strategies subsequent to deception. Findings showed that the use of repair strategies differed across relational types and that the use of prosocial relational repair strategies was positively correlated with the target's increase in trust for the deceiver, the target's expressions of affection for the deceiver, and relational intimacy. Relational satisfaction was positively correlated with the tendency to use prosocial strategies. The deceiver's message selection was partially constrained by perceptions of the target's attributions concerning the relational significance of the deception; prosocial strategies were correlated with the deceiver's belief that the target attributed relational significance to the deceptive act.

Reflections on a humanitarian mission 20 years later: Operation Babylift.

Humanitarian missions command a dominant share of military operations in the current world situation. It is imperative that the lessons learned from such missions include the personal and personnel costs of such missions if those individuals who will participate in such operations are to be prepared for the uncertainties and the emotional pain entailed in these missions. Sharing a personal experience of participation in one such mission--Operation Babylift--can provide an avenue for learning about the costs of such missions and indicating ways in which individuals can prepare themselves before actually participating in such missions.

The experience, expression, and perceived appropriateness of emotions across levels of relationship development.

Emotion experience and expression in romantic relationships were investigated. We predicted (a) a curvilinear relationship between level of relationship development and intensity of emotion experience, (b) a curvilinear relationship between level of relationship development and intensity of emotion expression, and (c) a linear relationship between level of relationship development and perceived appropriateness of emotion expression. Two hundred one student and community respondents completed an emotion survey assessing a positive and negative emotion incident they had experienced, the intensity of experience, expression, and degree of appropriateness. Level of relationship development was operationalized by length of relationship. Confirmation for the first two hypotheses was found for negative emotions only. Perceived appropriateness of emotion expression did not vary across levels of relationship development for either negative or positive emotions.