RESUMO
The clinical use of liposomal amphotericin B in 179 patients admitted to 30 medical-surgical intensive Care Units (ICUs) treated with this agent in 2006 was analyzed. Invasive fungal infections were proven, probable and possible in 44%, 16%, and 25% of cases, respectively. Fungi isolated were Candida albicans (38%), non-albicans Candida spp. (15%) and Aspergillus spp. (7%). The mean duration of treatment was 15 days (mean dose 3.7 mg/kg/day). The drug was used as rescue treatment after fluconazole or caspofungin in 47% of patients and as first line in 52% with a satisfactory clinical response in 54% of cases (72.6% with proven infection). Microbiological eradication was achieved in 68% of cases. Adverse events occurred in 51 patients but were severe in only 4. The use of liposomal amphotericin B both as first line and rescue treatment and mainly for proven invasive fungal infection was associated with a high rate of satisfactory clinical response.
Assuntos
Anfotericina B/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Micoses/tratamento farmacológico , APACHE , Adulto , Idoso , Anfotericina B/efeitos adversos , Estado Terminal , Feminino , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Introducción: La leishmaniasis visceral es una enfermedad endémica en el sur de Europa y los antimoniales pentavalentes han constituido su tratamiento clásico. Sin embargo, la aparición de fracasos terapéuticos, la larga duración del tratamiento y su toxicidad, han condicionado la introducción de nuevas terapias, como la anfotericina B liposómica (ABL). En este estudio se evalúa la eficacia y seguridad de ABL a una dosis máxima de 4 mg/kg/día los días 1 a 5 y 10. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio abierto, prospectivo y observacional realizado en 13 hospitales en España. El diagnóstico de leishmaniasis visceral se basó en la visualización de amastigotes de Leishmania sp. en el aspirado o promastigotes de Leishmania sp. en el cultivo de médula ósea o serología positiva, junto con la presencia de cuadro clínico compatible. Resultados: Se trataron 32 niños inmunocompetentes de edades comprendidas entre 7 meses y 7 años. Todos tuvieron una rápida respuesta clínica y el aspirado de médula ósea a los 21 días fue normal en el 100 por ciento de los 24 pacientes en quienes se realizó. En 8 niños la eficacia se evaluó por la respuesta clínica. Se detectaron dos recidivas, con lo que se logró la curación de 18 pacientes (90,0 por ciento) y del 87,5 por ciento de los pacientes con documentación microbiológica de la enfermedad. No se produjeron acontecimientos adversos. Conclusiones: Una dosis total de 24 mg/kg de ABL administrada en 6 dosis a lo largo de 10 días, es eficaz y segura en el tratamiento de la leishmaniasis visceral y permite además reducir la estancia hospitalaria (AU)
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Criança , Masculino , Lactente , Feminino , Humanos , Espanha , Estudos Prospectivos , Antiprotozoários , Anfotericina B , Lipossomos , Leishmaniose Visceral , ImunocompetênciaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in southern Europe. Traditional treatment consists of pentavalent antimonial compounds. However, treatment failures, the treatment's long duration, and toxicity have led to the introduction of new therapies, such as liposomal amphotericin B (LAB). In this study we evaluate the safety and efficacy of LAB at a maximum dose of 4 mg/kg/day on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, observational, open study was conducted in 13 Spanish centers. The diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis was based on visualization of Leishmanias sp. in bone marrow aspirate or culture or positive serology together with compatible clinical symptoms. RESULTS: Thirty-two immunocompetent children aged from 7 months to 7 years were treated. All the children had rapid clinical response and bone marrow aspirate performed on day 21 was normal in the 24 patients (100 %) who underwent this procedure. In the remaining eight children efficacy was assessed by clinical response. Two relapses were observed. Cure was achieved in 18 patients (90.0 %) and in 87.5 % of the patients with microbiological confirmation of the disease. No adverse events were detected. CONCLUSIONS: A total dosage of 24 mg/kg of liposomal amphotericin B administered in 6 doses within 10 days is safe and effective for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis and reduces the length of hospital stay.
