RESUMO
We construct genomic predictors for heritable but extremely complex human quantitative traits (height, heel bone density, and educational attainment) using modern methods in high dimensional statistics (i.e., machine learning). The constructed predictors explain, respectively, â¼40, 20, and 9% of total variance for the three traits, in data not used for training. For example, predicted heights correlate â¼0.65 with actual height; actual heights of most individuals in validation samples are within a few centimeters of the prediction. The proportion of variance explained for height is comparable to the estimated common SNP heritability from genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA), and seems to be close to its asymptotic value (i.e., as sample size goes to infinity), suggesting that we have captured most of the heritability for SNPs. Thus, our results close the gap between prediction R-squared and common SNP heritability. The â¼20k activated SNPs in our height predictor reveal the genetic architecture of human height, at least for common variants. Our primary dataset is the UK Biobank cohort, comprised of almost 500k individual genotypes with multiple phenotypes. We also use other datasets and SNPs found in earlier genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for out-of-sample validation of our results.
Assuntos
Estatura/genética , Modelos Genéticos , Genoma Humano , Humanos , Herança Multifatorial , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Característica Quantitativa HerdávelRESUMO
We show that there exists an infinite tower of fermionic symmetries in pure d=4, N=1 supergravity on an asymptotically flat background. The Ward identities associated with these symmetries are equivalent to the soft limit of the gravitino and to the statement of supersymmetry at every angle. Additionally, we show that these charges commute into charges associated with the (unextended) Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) group, providing a supersymmetrization of the BMS translations.
RESUMO
Using relative entropy, we derive bounds on the time rate of change of geometric entanglement entropy for any relativistic quantum field theory in any dimension. The bounds apply to both mixed and pure states, and may be extended to curved space. We illustrate the bounds in a few examples and comment on potential applications and future extensions.