ЛИПОПОЛИСАХАРИДААР ҮЙЛЧИЛСЭН ХУЛГАНЫН СОНСГОЛЫН ЭСЭД ПРОСТАГЛАНДИН Е2-ИЙН ҮҮРЭГ / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

@#BACKGROUND. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is the most abundant prostanoid and a very potent lipid mediator, and is produced predominantly from arachidonic acid by it’s tightly regulated cyclooxygenases (COXs) and prostaglandin E synthases. PGE2 is involved in regulating many different fundamental biological functions, including immune responses. Recently, we have demonstrated that bacterial LPS induces NO production in auditory cells via an inducible NO synthase expression. The LPS-induced production of an excessive NO amount is suggested to cause injury of auditory cells, followed by ototoxicity. Auditory cells injured by such an inflammatory response must be accompanied by tissue repair and remodeling. In order to clarify the production of PGE2 in auditory cells for regulation of inflammatory response or tissue repair AIM: We aimed to examine an effect of LPS on the production of prostaglandin E2 in auditory cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The murine auditory cell line HEI-OC1 was established from long-term cultures of immortomouse cochlea and used as conditionally-immortalized auditory cells. HEI-OC1 cells were stimulated with or without LPS. The concentration of PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β in the culture supernatant was determined with ELISA. COX-2 protein expression and mRNA were measured by immunoblotting and reverse transcription PCR, respectively. The bands were quantified by densitometric analysis using ImageJ software. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test and P values < 0.05 were considered significant. All experiments were performed independently at least three times. Data represent the mean value of triplicates SD. RESULT: HEI-OC1 auditory cells constitutively produce a small amount of PGE2. LPS augmented the PGE2 production via enhanced cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression. LPS-induced augmentation of COX2 expression was dependent on up-regulation of COX2 mRNA expression. LPS induced the production of TNF-a, but not IL-1b An anti-TNF-α neutralizing Ab significantly inhibited PGE2 production and COX2 mRNA expression in response to LPS. LPS-induced PGE2 production was prevented by a series of pharmacological signaling inhibitors to NF- κB and MAPKs. Pam3CSK4 as a TLR2 ligand, as well as LPS as a TLR4 ligand, augmented the PGE2 production. However, poly I:C as a TLR3 ligand, imiquimod as a TLR7 ligand and CpG DNA as a TLR9 ligand did not augment it. HEI-OC1 cells expressed TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9, but not TLR3 or TLR7. CONCLUSION: The auditory cells produce PGE2 in response to LPS via COX2 expression. The PGE2 production may be involved in tissue repair and remodeling in the organ of Corti. Auditory cells might be important effector cells in host response to infection and inflammation in the organ of Corti and cochleae.

The study of macro and micro structure of choroid plexus of adult brain ventricles / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

INTRODUCTION:In Mongolia, The anatomists researched morphometric measurements and blood supply ofheart in adult’s liver pancreas, spleen, Ren and spinal cord and etc... The study of morphometricmeasurements of the choroid plexus is not being taught in Mongolia.GOAL:To determine the structure of the choroid plexus of adult brain ventricle.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study obtained choroid plexus size in 84 dead bodies, which is between the adult and childrenfrom cadavers. To determine the choroid plexus morphometric measurements, the total 336specimens were evaluated. The standards deviation of choroid plexus length and thickness werecomputed in different ages.RESULT:In present study, the maximum length and thickness were determined in ages from 22-60. In presentstudy, the minimum length and thickness were determined in ages 0-10day. In adult, the meanchoroid plexus length was 8.61±0.15 cm of the lateral ventricles and 4.47±0.02 cm of the fourthventricles and 0.56±0.140 cm of the third ventricle and the choroid plexus thickness was 0.5±0.03cm of the lateral ventricles and 0.29±0.01 cm of the fourth ventricles and 0.28±0.01 cm of the thirdventricle.CONCLUSIONS:In adult, the mean choroid plexus length was 8.61±0.15 cm of the lateral ventricles and 4.47±0.02cm of the fourth ventricles and 0.56±0.140 cm of the third ventricle and the choroid plexus thicknesswas 0.5±0.03 cm of the lateral ventricles and 0.29±0.01 cm of the fourth ventricles and 0.28±0.01cm of the third ventricle.The choroid plexus weight was 0.51±0.01 gm in the lateral ventricles and 0.42±0.014 gm in thefourth ventricle.

DEGREE OF CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGING CIRCULATING LEVELS OF ENDOTHELIN RECEPTOR TYPE A IN MONGOLIAN ADULTS / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

Background: The cardiovascular disease especially coronary artery disease is the leading cause of mortality in worldwide. There is lack of research study which evaluated stenosis of coronary atherosclerosis. It is known that coronary stenosis is highly connected to the levels of biomarkers. Coronary atherosclerosis correlated with endothelin receptor type A (EDNRA) levels in a group of patients suspected of having coronary artery disease. Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the relation between the coronary atherosclerosis and levels of EDNRA Methods: A total of 311 participants were involved in this study. A case-control study was used in the study. The baselines data were collected from the department of Angiography at the National Third Central Hospital and National lilood Transfusion and Research center. We have determined the degree of coronary atherosclerosis using the Angiography machine and Elisa were used for detecting the blood endothelin levels in all groups. Results: 98 participants were diagnosed with stenosis and occlusion. The blood endothelin levels were estimated to 6.32±0.64 pg/ml which refer to () degree of coronary stenosis, the first degree of stenosis of coronary atherosclerosis is estimated to 5.56±0.22pg/ml, the second degree of stenosis of coronary atherosclerosis is estimated to 5.42J0.34 pg/ml, the third degree of stenosis of coronary atherosclerosis is estimated to 5.87 H). 13 pg/ml, the fourth degree of stenosis of coronary atherosclerosis is I'SlilllSltll lo 5.69±0.09 pg/ml, it was estimated to 5.88±0.13 pg/ml in control groups. Level of EDNRA (occupying one segment of coronary artery) was estimated to 5.77±0.08 pg/ml. two segment involvement was estimated to 5.72±0.16 pg/ml, three segment involvement 5.73±0.19 pg/ml. four segments involvement 5.50±0.25 pg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: The blood endothelin level and coronary artery stenosis were not correlated statistically significant in control group of the study. However, blood endothelin levels were increased in patients who tend to experience the coronary artery stenosis.

DEGREE OF CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGING CIRCULATING LEVELS OF ENDOTHELIN RECEPTOR TYPE A IN MONGOLIAN ADULTS / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

Background:The cardiovascular disease especially coronary artery disease is the leading cause of mortality in worldwide. There is lack of research study which evaluated stenosis of coronary atherosclerosis. It is known that coronary stenosis is highly connected to the levels of biomarkers. Coronary atherosclerosis correlated with endothelin receptor type A (EDNRA) levels in a group of patients suspected of having coronary artery disease.Objective:The goal of this study was to evaluate the relation between the coronary atherosclerosis and levels of EDNRAMethods:A total of 311 participants were involved in this study. A case-control study was used in the study. The baselines data were collected from the department of Angiography at the National Third Central Hospital and National lilood Transfusion and Research center. We have determined the degree of coronary atherosclerosis using the Angiography machine and Elisa were used for detecting the blood endothelin levels in all groups.Results:98 participants were diagnosed with stenosis and occlusion. The blood endothelin levels were estimated to 6.32±0.64 pg/ml which refer to () degree of coronary stenosis, the first degree of stenosis of coronary atherosclerosis is estimated to 5.56±0.22pg/ml, the second degree of stenosis of coronary atherosclerosis is estimated to 5.42J0.34 pg/ml, the third degree of stenosis of coronary atherosclerosis is estimated to 5.87 H). 13 pg/ml, the fourth degree of stenosis of coronary atherosclerosis is I'SlilllSltll lo 5.69±0.09 pg/ml, it was estimated to 5.88±0.13 pg/ml in control groups. Level of EDNRA (occupying one segment of coronary artery) was estimated to 5.77±0.08 pg/ml. two segment involvement was estimated to 5.72±0.16 pg/ml, three segment involvement 5.73±0.19 pg/ml. four segments involvement 5.50±0.25 pg/ml, respectively.Conclusion:The blood endothelin level and coronary artery stenosis were not correlated statistically significant in control group of the study. However, blood endothelin levels were increased in patients who tend to experience the coronary artery stenosis.

Morphometry of the coronary artery and heart microcirculation in infants.

Knowledge of morphometric quantities of coronary arteries in infants is an increasingly vital component in managing congenital and acquired heart disease. Because of considerable heterogeneity of coronary vasculature, what is considered atypical and aberrant or insignificant anatomy is often unclear. The purpose of our present study is to define normal infant anatomy. This was done by focusing on the segment analysis of coronary arteries in infants. Segment analysis was used to define an accurate definition of the length and diameter of the coronary network. The lengths, widths, and numbers of collateral branches of the coronary arteries were measured. The coronary vessels of 40 infant hearts were visualised postmortem by injection of the coronary arteries with X-ray opaque dye for the imaging study. Also, black ink cast and silver impregnation specimens were studied. The longest segment of the circumflex branches of left coronary arteries was the second; the lengths were 9066.6 ± ± 1828 µm. The length of I, III, and IV were 7366 ± 378.7 µm, 7536.6 ± ± 1533.8 µm, 4476.6 ± 690.9 µm, respectively. The lengths of the circumflex branch of the coronary artery were longer than that of the others; it is joined with the anterior interventricular branch of the coronary artery in the dorsal wall of the left ventricle. Rates of branching and ramification were low, and the number of lateral branches was low.

Morphological apsects of the coronary artery in the neonates.

Knowledge of the morphometric quantities of the coronary arteries in neonates is an increasingly vital component in the management of congenital and acquired heart disease. Because of the considerable heterogeneity of coronary vasculature, what is considered atypical and aberrant or insignificant anatomy is often unclear. The purpose of our present study is to define the normal anatomy of neonates. This was done by focusing on segment analysis of the coronary arteries, which was used to obtain accurate definitions of the length and diameter of the coronary network. The lengths, widths and numbers of collateral branches of the coronary arteries of neonates were measured. The coronary vessels of 50 neonate hearts were visualised post mortem by injection of the coronary arteries with opaque X-ray dye for the imaging study. Black ink cast and silver impregnation specimens were also studied. The longest segment of the circumflex branches of the left coronary arteries was the first, the lengths measuring 7188.5 +/- 839.6 microm and the diameters 850 +/- 90.8 mum. The lengths of segments II, III and IV were 5780 +/- 1182.7 microm, 5397.5 +/- 2070.2 microm and 6932.8 +/- 2236.5 microm and the diameters were 680 +/- 90.8 microm, 510 +/- 90.8 microm and 408 +/- 77.58 microm respectively. The longest segment of the anterior interventricular branches of the left coronary arteries was the first, with lengths of 10151.4 +/- 1298.6 microm and diameters of 1141.9 +/- 82.1 microm. The lengths of segments II, III and IV were 8208.5 +/- 1222.3 microm, 3278.5 +/- 602.4 microm and 5370 +/- 1657.6 mum and the diameters were 971 +/- 82.1 microm, 801.42 +/- 82.1 microm and 631.4 +/- 82.1 microm respectively. The lateral branches were increased in number in the fourth segment. Its diameters ranged from 157.8 +/- 31.7 microm to 655.7 +/- 99.7 microm. The main branch of the right coronary artery was short at the base of the heart. In the newborn the lateral branches of the right coronary artery were short, scattered and curved. Analysis of the data suggests a new anatomical system for classifying the vasculature of the coronary arteries in neonates.