Turkish Validation of the Rapid Interactive Screening Test for Autism in Toddlers.

LAY ABSTRACT: It is important to diagnose autism spectrum disorder at an early age and to start an early intervention program without delay. In this study, we aimed to validate the Rapid Interactive Screening Test for Autism in Toddlers (RITA-T) in a group of Turkish children and found that the RITA-T which has been shown to be a valid and reliable screening test for 18- to 36-month-old children in studies conducted in different countries, is also valid in Turkish children. Similar to previous studies, our results showed that the RITA-T has good sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing children with autism spectrum disorder. We think that our study will contribute to the timely initiation of early intervention programs for many children with autism by enabling a valid test to be used in screening programs.

A teenager with adenoviral myocarditis mimicking hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

A 14-year-old previously healthy female presented with chest pain and dyspnoea for 2 days in the setting of a recent upper respiratory infection. She had elevated inflammatory markers and troponin, resulting in the diagnosis of acute myocarditis. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated mild systolic dysfunction and a moderate pericardial effusion. Additionally, her echocardiogram showed concentric left ventricular hypertrophy raising concern for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. She was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. Serial echocardiograms revealed rapid resolution of her ventricular hypertrophy. Cardiac magnetic resonance confirmed the diagnosis of myocarditis.

Estimating basilar artery upper rupture limit by dangerous alarming diameter of arteries (DADA) following bilateral common carotid artery ligation; a new theorem.

BACKGROUND: Although many theories have been established to explain the mechanism of aneurysm development following steno-occlusive or hypertensive disease, the effect of the geometrical shape of the inner elastic membrane on the maximum dilatation capacity of arteries has not been adequately investigated so far. This subject was investigated. METHODS: This study was conducted in 24 rabbits. The rabbits were divided into 3 groups: as the control, (n = 5), the SHAM (n = 5), and the study group (n = 14). In the study group, BCCAL was performed. After decapitation, the basilar artery vasodilatation index (VDI) and the actual length of the inner elastic membrane (IEM) were estimated. The relationship between the true length of IEM and VDI values was compared statistically using the Mann-Witney -U test. RESULTS: Mean blood pressures were 113 ± 7 mmHg in animals at the beginning of the experiment (n = 24), and 119 ± 9 mmHg in GII and 122 ± 11mmHg in GIII after BCCAL (n = 12). Before decapitation, the mean blood pressures were 115 ± 10 mmHg in GI, 116 ± 10 mmHg in GII, and 127 ± 11mmHg GIII. The DADA values of animals were 20 ± 4mm in GI; 28 ± 6mm in GII and 37 ± 9mm in GIII. The VDI value of BA was 1.390 ± 0.220 in GI; 1.013 ± 0.108 in GI; 0.019 ± 0.011in GII group. CONCLUSION: An inverse relationship was discovered between the DADA/VDI values. BCCAL may lead to severe dangerous histopathological changes at the BA. Lower DADA or higher VDI values may lead to severe basilar enlargement, endothelial losing, inner elastic membrane rupture, and aneurysm formation after BCCAL.

New description of vagal nerve commanted intrapancreatic taste buds and blood glucose level: An experimental analysis.

Introduction: There have been thousands of neurochemical mechanism about blood glucose level regulation, but intrapancreatic taste buds and their roles in blood glucose level has not been described. We aimed to investigate if there are taste buds cored neural networks in the pancreas, and there is any relationship between blood glucose levels. Methods: This examination was done on 32 chosen rats with their glucose levels. Animals are divided into owned blood glucose levels. If mean glucose levels were equal to 105 ± 10 mg/dL accepted as euglycemic (G-I; n = 14), 142 ± 18 mg/dL values accepted as hyperglycemic (G-II; n = 9) and 89 ± 9 mg/dL accepted as hypoglycemic (G-III; n = 9). After the experiment, animals were sacrificed under general anesthesia. Their pancreatic tissues were examined histological methods and numbers of newly described taste bud networks analyzed by Stereological methods. Results compared with Mann-Whitney U test P < 0.005 considered as significant. Results: The mean normal blood glucose level (mg/dL) and taste bud network densities of per cm3 were: 105 ± 10 mg/dL; 156±21 in G-I; 142 ± 18 mg/dL and 95 ± 14 in G-II and 89 ± 9 mg/dL and 232 ± 34 in G-III. P values as follows: P < 0.001 of G-II/G-I; P < 0.005 of G-III/G-I and P < 0.0001 of G-III/G-II. We detected periarterial located taste buds like cell clusters and peripherally located ganglia connected with Langerhans cells via thin nerve fibers. There was an inverse relationship between the number of taste buds networks and blood glucose level. Conclusion: Newly described intrapancreatic taste buds may have an important role in the regulation of blood glucose level.

In Situ Cross-linking Hydrogel as a Vehicle for Retinal Progenitor Cell Transplantation.

One of the current limitations of retinal transplantation of stem cells as well as other cell types is the dispersion of cells from the injection site (including loss of cells into the vitreous chamber) and low survival after transplantation. Gelatin-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid (Gtn-HPA) conjugate is a biodegradable polymer that can undergo covalent cross-linking in situ, allowing for injection of incorporated cells through a small caliber needle followed by gel formation in vivo. We tested the hypothesis that Gtn-HPA hydrogel supports survival and integration of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) post-transplantation. In vitro compatibility and in vivo graft survival were assessed by mixing an equal volume of Gtn-HPA conjugate and RPC suspension and triggering enzyme-mediated gelation, using minute amounts of horseradish peroxidase and peroxide. Immunocytochemistry showed >80% survival of cells and minimal apoptosis for cells incorporated into Gtn-HPA, equivalent to controls grown on fibronectin-coated flasks. RPCs undergoing mitosis were seen within the three-dimensional Gtn-HPA hydrogel, but the percentage of Ki-67-positive cells was lower compared with the monolayer controls. For in vivo studies, gel-cell mixture or cell suspension in saline was trans-sclerally injected into the left eye of female Long Evans rats immunosuppressed with cyclosporine A. Grafts survived at the 1 week time point of the study, with Gtn-HPA-delivered grafts showing less inflammatory response demonstrated by anti-leukocyte staining. More eyes in the gel-cell mixture group showed surviving cells in the subretinal space compared with saline-delivered controls, while the number of cells surviving per graft was not significantly different between the two groups. This work demonstrates an injectable in situ cross-linking hydrogel as a potential vehicle for stem cell delivery in the retina.

Facial emotion recognition ability: psychiatry nurses versus nurses from other departments.

PURPOSE: Facial emotion recognition is a basic element in non-verbal communication. Although some researchers have shown that recognizing facial expressions may be important in the interaction between doctors and patients, there are no studies concerning facial emotion recognition in nurses. Here, we aimed to investigate facial emotion recognition ability in nurses and compare the abilities between nurses from psychiatry and other departments. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, sixty seven nurses were divided into two groups according to their departments: psychiatry (n=31); and, other departments (n=36). A Facial Emotion Recognition Test, constructed from a set of photographs from Ekman and Friesen's book "Pictures of Facial Affect", was administered to all participants. RESULTS: In whole group, the highest mean accuracy rate of recognizing facial emotion was the happy (99.14%) while the lowest accurately recognized facial expression was fear (47.71%). There were no significant differences between two groups among mean accuracy rates in recognizing happy, sad, fear, angry, surprised facial emotion expressions (for all, p>0.05). The ability of recognizing disgusted and neutral facial emotions tended to be better in other nurses than psychiatry nurses (p=0.052 and p=0.053, respectively) Conclusion: This study was the first that revealed indifference in the ability of FER between psychiatry nurses and non-psychiatry nurses. In medical education curricula throughout the world, no specific training program is scheduled for recognizing emotional cues of patients. We considered that improving the ability of recognizing facial emotion expression in medical stuff might be beneficial in reducing inappropriate patient-medical stuff interaction.