RESUMO
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a prevalent non-communicable disease among the world's growing elderly population. The contribution of the gut microbiota to T2D in several Westernized countries has been established. However, there is little information on the role of the gut microbiota in T2D from the African continent where lifestyle and life expectancy are different. AIMS: This study sought to investigate gut microbiota variation in relation to elderly people living with T2D. in Nigeria. METHODS: Whole microbial community DNA were derived from the stool samples of healthy urban-dwelling elderly individuals and urban-dwelling elderly individuals with T2D. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was Illumina-sequenced and analyzed using QIIME2. RESULTS: Beta taxonomic diversity was significantly different between healthy elderly individuals and elderly individuals with T2D. However, no difference in the alpha taxonomic diversity and predicted functional alpha diversity of the gut microbiota was observed. The genus Ruminococcus (T2D versus Healthy: 2.89% vs 2.21%), families Coriobacteriaceae (Collinsella, T2D versus Healthy: 2.62 % vs 1.25%) and Bifidobacteriaceae were enriched in elderly individuals with T2D, while members of Clostridiaceae (Clostridium, Healthy versus T2D: 5.6% vs 3.2%) and Peptostreptococcaceae (Healthy versus T2D: 3.45% vs 1.99%) were enriched in healthy volunteers. Pathways involved in amino acid biosynthesis were enriched in elderly individuals with T2D, while pathways involved in respiration and the biosynthesis of vital building blocks were enriched in healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated for the first time in an African elderly population that the abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae, Collinsella, and Ruminococcus within the gut varies in relation to T2D. Findings from this study suggest that the restoration of features associated with healthiness via the way of gut microbiota modification could be one step needed to improve elderly patient care.
RESUMO
This study was designed to compare both the cell culture dependent and independent enterovirus detection algorithms recommended by the WHO and assess how either might impact our perception of the diversity of enterovirus types present in a sample. Sixteen paired samples (16 isolates from RD cell culture and their corresponding stool suspension, i.e., 32 samples) from AFP cases in Nigeria were analyzed in this study. All the samples were subjected to RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, the WHO recommended RT-snPCR, and its modification. Amplicons were sequenced and strains identified. Enterovirus diversity was the same between the isolates and fecal suspension for the control and five of the samples. It was, however, different for the remaining 10 (62.5%) samples. Nine (CV-B4, E6, E7, E13, E14, E19, E29, EV-B75, and EV-B77) and five (CV-A1, CV-A11, CV-A13, EV-C99, and PV2) EV-B and EV-C types, respectively, were detected. Particularly, E19 and EV-B75 were only recovered from the isolates while E14, EV-B77, CV-A11, and CV-A13 were only recovered from fecal suspension. Both the cell culture dependent and independent protocols bias our perception of the diversity of enterovirus types present in a sample. Hence, effort should be directed at harmonizing both for increased sensitivity.
RESUMO
Background: Medicinal plants are valued as sources of natural compounds some of which are effective against several infectious diseases. Plants from the genus Combretum have been used traditionally in various African societies to treat variety of medical problems especially infectious diseases.Objective: In this study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of the methanol extracts from the leaves of three Combretum species namely Combretum hispidum, Combretum racemosum and Combretum platypterum against seven strains of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vitro.Materials and methods: Methanol extract from Combretum hispidum, Combretum racemosum and Combretum platypterum were subjected to agar diffusion assay and broth micro-dilution test for the determination of antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), all the extracts were tested against eight different strain of MRSA. Imipenem and ciprofloxacin were used as control.Results: Extract from Combretum racemosum leaves showed significant anti-MRSA activity with zone of inhibition as high as 37 mm and MIC values ranging from 0.16 - 1.25 mg/mL on all tested strains of MRSA. Extracts from the two other species did not exhibit any activity on all tested strain.Conclusion: Methanol extract from C. racemosum is highly effective against MRSA and it could be a potential source of newer antimicrobial agent against MRSA infections
