SNP-microarrays can accurately identify the presence of an individual in complex forensic DNA mixtures.

Common forensic and mass disaster scenarios present DNA evidence that comprises a mixture of several contributors. Identifying the presence of an individual in such mixtures has proven difficult. In the current study, we evaluate the practical usefulness of currently available "off-the-shelf" SNP microarrays for such purposes. We found that a set of 3000 SNPs specifically selected for this purpose can accurately identify the presence of an individual in complex DNA mixtures of various compositions. For example, individuals contributing as little as 5% to a complex DNA mixture can be robustly identified even if the starting DNA amount was as little as 5.0ng and had undergone whole-genome amplification (WGA) prior to SNP analysis. The work presented in this study represents proof-of-principle that our previously proposed approach, can work with real "forensic-type" samples. Furthermore, in the absence of a low-density focused forensic SNP microarray, the use of standard, currently available high-density SNP microarrays can be similarly used and even increase statistical power due to the larger amount of available information.

A new species of fish-eating rat, genus Neusticomys (Sigmodontinae), from Ecuador.

BACKGROUND: Inthis study, the genetic substructure and morphology of the species Neusticomysmonticolus was evaluated. A nuclear marker and mitochondrial maker were used to examine phylogeographic structure and to estimategenetic distances. Two statistical measurement analyses were applied to morphological data. RESULTS: These data recovered two morphologically distinct phylogeographic groups corresponding to populations on the eastern and western slopes of the Andes. Further, these eastern and western Andean slope populations of N. monticolus are 8.5 % divergent using sequence data from cytochrome-b (0.8 % divergent in the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein gene). CONCLUSIONS: Populationscurrently assigned to N.monticolus constitutea species complex. The name N.monticolus is here restricted to western Andean slope populations. Populations on the eastern slope of the Andes are assigned to a new species, to which the authors assign the name Neusticomys vossi sp.nov.