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1.
J Periodontol ; 2024 Jul 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39007745

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: With recent advances in artificial intelligence, the use of this technology has begun to facilitate comprehensive tissue evaluation and planning of interventions. This study aimed to assess different convolutional neural networks (CNN) in deep learning algorithms to detect keratinized gingiva based on intraoral photos and evaluate the ability of networks to measure keratinized gingiva width. METHODS: Six hundred of 1200 photographs taken before and after applying a disclosing agent were used to compare the neural networks in segmenting the keratinized gingiva. Segmentation performances of networks were evaluated using accuracy, intersection over union, and F1 score. Keratinized gingiva width from a reference point was measured from ground truth images and compared with the measurements of clinicians and the DeepLab image that was generated from the ResNet50 model. The effect of measurement operators, phenotype, and jaw on differences in measurements was evaluated by three-factor mixed-design analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: Among the compared networks, ResNet50 distinguished keratinized gingiva at the highest accuracy rate of 91.4%. The measurements between deep learning and clinicians were in excellent agreement according to jaw and phenotype. When analyzing the influence of the measurement operators, phenotype, and jaw on the measurements performed according to the ground truth, there were statistically significant differences in measurement operators and jaw (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Automated keratinized gingiva segmentation with the ResNet50 model might be a feasible method for assisting professionals. The measurement results promise a potentially high performance of the model as it requires less time and experience. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: With recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), it is now possible to use this technology to evaluate tissues and plan medical procedures thoroughly. This study focused on testing different AI models, specifically CNN, to identify and measure a specific type of gum tissue called keratinized gingiva using photos taken inside the mouth. Out of 1200 photos, 600 were used in the study to compare the performance of different CNN in identifying gingival tissue. The accuracy and effectiveness of these models were measured and compared to human clinician ratings. The study found that the ResNet50 model was the most accurate, correctly identifying gingival tissue 91.4% of the time. When the AI model and clinicians' measurements of gum tissue width were compared, the results were very similar, especially when accounting for different jaws and gum structures. The study also analyzed the effect of various factors on the measurements and found significant differences based on who took the measurements and jaw type. In conclusion, using the ResNet50 model to identify and measure gum tissue automatically could be a practical tool for dental professionals, saving time and requiring less expertise.

2.
Oral Radiol ; 39(4): 802-810, 2023 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37596499

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the root proximity in molars and the furcation area (FA) in the first root separation point (RSP) using cone­beam computed tomography (CBCT) and evaluated the association between the furcation area of molars and periodontal status of the patients. METHODS: A total of 264 molar teeth in 66 participants were included in the study. The control group consisted of 110 molar teeth of participants, and 154 molar teeth were included in periodontitis group, which consisted of only stage II and III periodontitis patients. FA, RSP, and root proximities were measured in axial slices, and bone resorption rates were measured in sagittal slices. RESULTS: Both maxillary and mandibular molar groups had significantly less FA in periodontitis group than in controls (p < 0.005), and there were significant relationships between the degree of bone resorption in molars and FA and furcation grades (p < 0.001). According to regression analysis, the risk of periodontitis increased by 1.011 times as total FA decreased (p < 0.001), and periodontitis risk of maxillary molar was 1.693 times higher than mandibular molars but not found to be statistically significant (p = 0.152). When assessing the root proximity between molar teeth, maxillary molars showed significantly higher root proximity in CEJs than mandibular molars in both periodontitis and control groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the association between FA and the degree of bone resorption and root proximity of maxillary molars might be considered as a risk indicator for bone resorption in molars and might play a role during disease progression.


Assuntos
Reabsorção Óssea , Periodontite , Humanos , Dente Molar/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Periodontite/diagnóstico por imagem
3.
Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars ; 51(8): 557-564, 2023 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38164772

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The relationship between oral health and general health has gained increased attention in recent years. This study sought to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of cardiologists in Türkiye concerning the link between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS: After a pilot test, a modified survey was dispatched to 1,894 practicing cardiologists in Türkiye. Two mailings were carried out, and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Of the 1,894 cardiologists surveyed, 166 responded, yielding a response rate of 11.5%. The majority of respondents (77%) were male and held professional positions in academia (45%), as assistant doctors (17.5%), or in private practice (12.7%). Ninety percent of respondents accurately recognized periodontal disease as a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory disease. Meanwhile, 78% concurred that inflammation is a pivotal connection between periodontal disease and CVD. On the topic of whether treating periodontal disease could reduce a patient's CVD risk, 37% of the polled cardiologists expressed uncertainty, while 9% disagreed. Seventy six percent believed that periodontists and cardiologists should collaborate to reduce shared risk factors for both cardiovascular and periodontal diseases. Additionally, 80% expressed interest in deepening their understanding of the link between periodontitis and CVD. CONCLUSION: While the vast majority of participants acknowledged that microbially-associated, host-mediated inflammation is a hallmark of periodontitis, consensus was lacking on inflammation being the primary factor linking periodontal diseases and CVDs. The majority of respondents expressed eagerness understand better the relationship between these two diseases, with the intention of enhancing oral health content in medical school and attending relevant seminars.


Assuntos
Cardiologistas , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Doenças Periodontais , Periodontite , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Turquia , Doenças Periodontais/complicações , Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologia , Periodontite/complicações , Inflamação/complicações
4.
Odontology ; 110(2): 356-364, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34637093

RESUMO

This study aimed to determine the association between the root taper and proximity of single-rooted teeth with periodontitis using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT images of 362 single-rooted teeth from 37 patients were evaluated. This case-control study analyzed 17 participants with stage II and III periodontitis, (n = 161 teeth, periodontitis group) and 20 participants with healthy periodontium (n = 201 teeth, control group). Multiplanar reconstructions were used for proximity measurements, and cross-sectional images for calculating the angle of the root tapers. Root proximity, root length, and root taper were measured. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine association with periodontitis. In the periodontitis group, the upper lateral root-taper was 18.33° ± 3.25° and was significantly higher when compared to the control group (p = 0.001). The root taper of the lateral incisor was associated with the diagnosis of periodontitis (p = 0.01) with an odds ratio of 1.541 according to regression analysis. Root length was also identified as a potential protective parameter. The risk of being diagnosed with periodontitis decreases when root length increases by 0.785 times (p = 0.043). Upper canines in the periodontitis group presented shorter root lengths (p = 0.039) and higher root tapers (p = 0.01). Also, mandibular canines were closer form adjacent teeth in the periodontitis group (p = 0.042). This study indicated that short-root and increased root-taper at specific teeth could be considered as risk indicators for periodontitis.


Assuntos
Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Periodontite , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico/métodos , Dente Canino , Humanos , Periodontite/diagnóstico por imagem , Raiz Dentária/diagnóstico por imagem
5.
Nanomaterials (Basel) ; 11(10)2021 Oct 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34685043

RESUMO

The aim of our study was to obtain similar surface properties and elemental composition to virgin implants after debridement of contaminated titanium implant surfaces covered with debris. Erbium-doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Er:YAG) laser, erbium, chromium-doped:yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser, curette, and ultrasonic device were applied to contaminated implant surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken, the elemental profile of the surfaces was evaluated with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and the surface roughness was analyzed with profilometry. Twenty-eight failed implants and two virgin implants as control were included in the study. The groups were designed accordingly; titanium curette group, ultrasonic scaler with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) tip, Er: YAG very short pulse laser group (100 µs, 120 mJ/pulse 10 Hz), Er: YAG short-pulse laser group (300 µs, 120 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz), Er: YAG long-pulse laser group (600 µs, 120 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz), Er, Cr: YSGG1 laser group (1 W 10 Hz), Er, Cr: YSGG2 laser group (1.5 W, 30 Hz). In each group, four failed implants were debrided for 120 s. When SEM images and EDX findings and profilometry results were evaluated together, Er: YAG long pulse and ultrasonic groups were found to be the most effective for debridement. Furthermore, the two interventions have shown the closest topography of the sandblasted, large grit, acid-etched implant surface (SLA) as seen on virgin implants.

6.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34360367

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The determination of the impact of risk factors such as smoking in periodontal disease development is of importance to better characterize the disease. However, its impact on host response remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of tobacco smoking on GCF levels of neutrophil enzymes (myeloperoxidase (MPO), beta-glucuronidase (BGD), neutrophil elastase (NE) and periodontal parameters in healthy young adults with dental plaque biofilm-induced gingivitis. METHODS: The study population consisted of 60 systemically healthy young adults (39 smokers (Sm) and 21 non-smokers (n-Sm)) diagnosed with plaque-induced gingivitis. The periodontal examination consisted of a plaque index (PI); gingival index (GI); probing depth (PD); bleeding on probing (BoP), and clinical attachment level (CAL). GCF MPO, BGD, and NE levels were determined by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: PI, GI, and BoP were significantly increased in the Sm group (p < 0.05). PD and CAL showed no significant difference between Sm and n-Sm groups (p > 0.05). In GCF, MPO, BGD, and NE levels were significantly increased in Sm group (p < 0.05). NE levels showed a significant correlation with GI and BoP (p < 0.05 for both). Moreover, a positive correlation between BGD and NE levels (p < 0.05) was measured. CONCLUSIONS: It may be concluded that, even in young patients, tobacco consumption affects the host's immune response related to gingival inflammation. It is, therefore, mandatory to inform young patients about the risk related to tobacco consumption for their gingival health.


Assuntos
Gengivite , Neutrófilos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Líquido do Sulco Gengival , Humanos , Perda da Inserção Periodontal , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Fumar Tabaco , Adulto Jovem
7.
Implant Dent ; 26(1): 87-94, 2017 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28079610

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different frontal bone defect localizations on primary stability values of 2 different implant designs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight cow rib segments were prepared before implant installation, as 2 segments with coronal, 2 with middle, and 2 with apical defects and 2 with control. Thirty-two cylindrical and 32 tapered implants were placed in the remaining 4 segments. Implant stability measurements were performed using electronic percussive testing and resonance frequency analysis. RESULTS: No significance was detected between the stability values of the 2 implant designs except the implant stability quotient (ISQ) of control groups. The tapered implants control group showed significantly higher lateral ISQs compared with cylindrical implants (P = 0.033). For both implant types, stability values were significantly lower in coronal defects (P < 0.01). No significant differences were detected in other defect types. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that coronal defects may influence primary stability negatively, compared with middle and apical defects. Although statistically not significant, coronal defects caused lower primary stability values with the tapered design compared with parallel design.


Assuntos
Interface Osso-Implante/patologia , Implantes Dentários , Planejamento de Prótese Dentária , Osso Frontal/cirurgia , Animais , Bovinos , Planejamento de Prótese Dentária/métodos , Retenção em Prótese Dentária , Análise do Estresse Dentário/métodos , Osso Frontal/patologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Costelas/cirurgia
8.
Photomed Laser Surg ; 35(2): 111-115, 2017 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27855270

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: In this split-mouth clinical trial, we evaluated the clinical benefits of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). BACKGROUND DATA: The impaired wound healing seen in diabetic patients may affect the results of periodontal treatment and may require an additional approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 22 chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 DM were included. Applying a split-mouth design, two quadrants were treated with only scaling and root planing (SRP) as the control and those in the other two were treated with SRP + LLLT as the test sites in each patient. An 808 nm GaAlAs diode laser was performed in the test sites at the energy density of 4.46 J/cm2 on days 1, 2, and 7 after SRP. Plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level were measured at baseline and again at 1 and 3 months after treatment. Deep periodontal pockets (PD ≥4 mm) were evaluated separately. RESULTS: Test sites showed significant improvement in PI and BOP in deep pockets at the 1-month follow-up period (p < 0.001 and <0.001, respectively), whereas no difference was found between the control and the test sites in other periodontal parameters. CONCLUSIONS: LLLT during periodontal treatment offered minimal short-term additional benefit in deep pocket healing in patients with type 2 DM.


Assuntos
Periodontite Crônica/complicações , Periodontite Crônica/radioterapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/métodos , Segurança do Paciente , Adulto , Periodontite Crônica/diagnóstico , Periodontite Crônica/cirurgia , Terapia Combinada , Desbridamento/métodos , Índice de Placa Dentária , Raspagem Dentária/métodos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Valores de Referência , Medição de Risco , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Resultado do Tratamento
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