1-Phenyl ethyl substituted tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione derivatives as promising antimicrobial agents.

Seven derivatives of 1-phenyl ethyl group containing 3,5-disubstituted tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-thiones (THTT) were prepared and examined for their antibacterial and antifungal properties by using Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) and agar tube dilution protocol respectively. In vitro antifungal potential was investigated against five human pathogens and compared with the standard drugs amphotericin B and miconazole. In vitro antibacterial activity was investigated against four pathogens and compared with the ofloxacin. All compounds exhibited very promising antifungal activities against all tested pathogens. Structure activity relationship showed the importance of the presence of 1-phenyl ethyl substituent at N-3 of THTT nucleus for antifungal effects. However, these compounds showed significant antibacterial activity only against S. aureus. The compound 6c of the series was found most active compound that displayed promising antifungal potential against all tested pathogens [Growth Inhibition (GI) = 100%], and also showed promising antibacterial potential against S. aureus (GI% = 83.49) which is very much closer to the standard ofloxacin (GI% = 88.05). The study may be useful in the development of improved antimicrobial agents.

Nematicidal activity of oleanolic acid derivatives on Meloidogyne incognita.

In this study, oleanolic acid and its derivatives were studied for their invivo nematicidal activity against root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita. A series of C-28-oleanolates including five new (5, 7-10) and seven known (1-4, 6, 11, 12) compounds were synthesised and their nematicidal activity was determined and compared with the standard nematicide furadan for the first time. The structures of the compounds were elucidated through 1H NMR, 13C NMR and EIMS. Compounds 4, 5, 7, 8 and 10 showed ∼ 90% inhibition of RKN at 0.125% concentration after 72 h showing their potential use in nematicidal control.

Liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of alprazolam with NSAIDs in bulk drug, pharmaceutical formulation and human serum.

High performance liquid chromatography with UV/vis detection was optimized and validated for simultaneous quantification of alprazolam with celecoxib and diclofenac sodium in pharmaceutical formulation and human serum. Chromatographic separation was achieved at detection wavelength of 230 nm on Shimadzu Shim-pack CLC-ODS (M) 25M column employing 80:20 (v/v) methanol: water (pH 3.5) as mobile phase with elution rate 1.0mL min-1. Analytes were quantified in the ranges 0.2-15, 0.3-20 and 0.6-40 µg mL-1 with detection limits 19.76, 17.29 and 11.83ng mL-1 respectively. Recoveries were in the range 98.15-101.15, 99.24-99.90 and 98.87-101.19% in pharmaceutical formulation and 98.05-101.01, 98.72-99.49 and 98.25-99.47% in human serum respectively and precision ranged from 0.19-1.84%. The analytes were successfully detected without any observable interference commonly present in pharmaceutical formulation and human serum demonstrating applicability of method.

Volatile constituents and in vitro activity of Syzygium aromaticum flower buds (clove) against human cancer cell lines.

The methanolic extract (SA-EXT) of Syzygium aromaticum flower buds and its fractions tested against three human cancer cell lines viz uterine cervix (HeLa), breast (MCF-7) and lung NCI (H-460) using sulforhodamine-B assay. The ethyl acetate soluble sub fraction (SA-EAS) was active only against HeLa cells with GI50value of 36± 3.4µg/mL. The most active sub-fraction (SA-PES-Fr-2) showed growth inhibition (GI50: 36, 50 and 68µg/ml against MCF-7, HeLa and NCI-H-460 cancer cell lines, respectively) with cytotoxic effect LC50= 88 ± 3.4 µg/mL against HeLa and LC50=86 ± 2.8 µg/mL against MCF-7. The most active sub-fraction (SA-PES-Fr-2) analyzed by GC and GC-MS techniques revealed that eugenol was most abundant (85.34%) along with minor constituents. Thus it can be concluded that growth inhibitory and cytotoxic effect residing in Syzygium aromaticum flower buds (clove) is more likely due to eugenol.

Triterpenoids from the aerial parts of Lantana camara.

Two new pentacyclic triterpenoids lancamarinic acid and lancamarinin have been obtained from the aerial parts of Lantana camara Linn. They were characterized as 22ß-acetoxy-3,25-epoxy-3α-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid and methyl 3,25-epoxy-3α-hydroxy-11-oxo-22ß-senecioyloxyolean-12-en-28-oate, respectively, through chemical transformation and exhaustive spectroscopic studies.

Nematicidal triterpenoids from Lantana camara.

A new triterpene, lancamarolide (1), and seven known triterpenes, oleanonic acid (2), lantadene A (3), 11α-hydroxy-3-oxours-12-en-28-oic acid (4), betulinic acid (5), lantadene B (6), and lantaninilic acid (7) were isolated from the aerial parts of Lantana camara in the course of bioassay-guided isolation, and their nematicidal activities against Meloidogyne incognita, the root knot nematode, were carried out. Oleanonic acid was found to be the most active compound and exhibited 80% mortality after 72 h at 0.0625% concentration, which is comparable with that of the standard furadan.

Leishmanicidal Triterpenes from Lantana camara.

Two new natural triterpenes, lantaninilic acid and lantoic acid, along with the known triterpenes lantadene A, and oleanolic, ursolic, betulinic, lantanolic, and camaric acid, were obtained from the aerial parts of Lantana camara through bioassay-guided isolation, monitoring the in vitro antileishmanial activity against promastigotes of Leishmania major. Oleanolic acid (3), ursolic acid (4), lantadene A (5), and lantanilic acid (7) showed significant leishmanicidal activities with IC50 values of 53.0, 12.4, 20.4, and 21.3 µM, respectively. The IC50 value of ursolic acid (4; 12.4 µM) was found to be comparable with that of the standard drugs, pentamidine (IC50 15.0 µM) and amphotericin B (IC50 0.31 µM). The in vitro activities of L. camara and its constituents against promastigotes of Leishmania major are reported here for the first time.

A new 28-noroleanane triterpenoid from the aerial parts of Lantana camara Linn.

A new 28-norolean-12,17-diene triterpene lantigdienone (1) oxidised at C-11 and C-22 has been isolated from the aerial parts of Lantana camara, along with two known compounds, camarinin (2) and camangeloyl acid (3). The structure of compound 1 was elucidated as 3,25-epoxy-3alpha-hydroxy-22beta-[beta,betadimethylacryloyloxy]-11-oxo-28-norolean-12,17-diene, with the help of spectral studies.