The effect of video-based education program applied before children's pediatric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) on anxiety in Turkey: A randomized controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: This study is a randomized controlled trial conducted to examine the effects of a Turkish video-based education program on scanned image quality and child and parent anxiety during Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). DESIGN AND METHODS: The study was conducted with 66 children aged between 4 and 15 years at Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University Health Practice and Research Hospital, between January 2019 and December 2019. A video-based educational program was applied to an intervention group before MRI. RESULTS: The video-based education program reduced children's anxiety and fear (p < 0.001). The study also showed a significant reduction in parental stress (p < 0.001). The image quality in the intervention group was better than that in the control group (control group: 3.24 ± 1.20; intervention group: 4.18 ± 0.81) (p = 0.001). Significantly fewer children refused to enter the MRI room in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Child-friendly and video-based educational programs can be organized for children and parents in diagnostic and treatment procedures for children in hospitals. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: MRI scans can be uncomfortable for children and require transport to a better-equipped hospital for sedation. They can also cause financial loss for children and their parents and disrupt facility workflow. An educational program to adjust the children and their families will improve the scanning process and its success rate.

"A Life Slips Through Our Fingers" Experiences of Nurses Working in Pediatric Intensive Care Units About Children's Death: A Qualitative Study.

Caring for a dying child can be an experience full of all kinds of negative emotions, pain and stress for the pediatric nurse. In this study, which was carried out in Turkey, we aimed to determine how nurses working in a pediatric intensive care unit remembered and made sense of their experiences regarding children's deaths. In-depth interviews were held with 13 nurses. The data were analyzed using the content analysis method. Three themes were identified. These were (1) Personal effects of death, (2) Difficulties in care, and (3) Coping with death. It was clear that the nurses were traumatised by their exposure to infant deaths. The findings showed that nurses experienced regret, fatigue and posttraumatic stress disorder. In addition, it was determined that nurses should be supported to cope with child deaths, which is a complicated process involving the child and the family, especially emotionally. Moreover, providing institutional support to nurses and referring them to cognitive-behavioral therapies may make it easier for them to cope with the emotional burden they carry, as well as the burnout they experience.

The effect of mandala art therapy on the comfort and resilience levels of mothers who have children with special needs: A randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND: The study was conducted in order to determine the effect of mandala therapy applied to mothers who have children with special needs on the mothers' comfort and resilience levels. METHODS: The study was conducted as a randomized controlled study at a special education school in Turkey. The study sample consisted of 51 mothers (24 mothers in the experimental group and 27 mothers in the control group) who had children with special needs. A 16-h mandala therapy was applied to the mothers in the experimental group. Identifying Information Form, General Comfort Questionnaire and Adult Resilience Scale were used as data collection tools. RESULTS: According to the regression analysis performed in order to explain the difference between the first and third measurements of General Comfort Questionnaire, mandala art therapy was found to be effective, and the model established was determined to be statistically significant. It was also determined that the change that occurred between the third and first measurements performed in order to identify the change in the general comfort levels of the individuals was higher in the experimental group in comparison to the control group (P < 0.05). It was seen that the mothers' mean scores obtained from the Adult Resilience Scale total scale and its subscales significantly increased in the second and third measurements (P < 0.05) but that the increase in the mean scores of the control group was not significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Mandala Art Therapy is a method that improves the comfort levels and resilience of mothers who have children with special needs. It might be beneficial for mothers to perform these applications at special education schools in collaboration with nurses.

The effect of swaddling method applied to preterm infants during the aspiration procedure on pain.

PURPOSE: The study was carried out to determine the effect of the swaddling method on pain in preterm infants (between 27 and 36 weeks) hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit during the aspiration procedure. Preterm infants were recruited by convenience sampling from level III neonatal intensive care units in a city in Turkey. METHOD: The study was conducted in a randomized controlled trial manner. The study consisted of preterm infants (n = 70) receiving care or treatment at a neonatal intensive care unit. While swaddling was applied to the infants in the experimental group before the aspiration process. The pain was assessed before, during, and after the nasal aspiration using the Premature Infant Pain Profile. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in terms of pre-procedural pain scores whereas a statistically significant difference was detected in terms of pain scores during and after the procedure between the groups. CONCLUSION: It was determined in the study that the swaddling method reduced the pain of the preterm infants during the aspiration procedure. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This study emphasized that swaddling had pain-reducing during the aspiration procedure in the neonatal intensive care unit in preterm infants. It is recommended that future studies be conducted using different invasive procedures in preterm infants born earlier.

Perception of Coronavirus in Children Through the Interpretation of Metaphors.

The purpose of this study is to determine the perception of coronavirus in children between the ages of 7-18 through the interpretation of metaphors. This qualitative study was conducted with a total of 34 children between the ages of 7-18 years The metaphors obtained from the content analysis were categorized into two main themes and sub-themes. The main themes were categorized as barrier at COVID-19 and fear at coronavirus as fear. The most striking metaphors in the study, such as death, deadly, disease, scary, germ, snake venom, black hole, darkness, gun, lead, were the metaphors in the "Deadly" category, which were revealed by children. In unexpected situations, it is beneficial for parents and health care professionals to establish clear, open, and reassuring communication with their children.

An examination of smartphone addiction and loneliness among high school students according to various variables: A sample from Turkey.

PURPOSE: It was aimed to examine smartphone addiction and loneliness among high school students. DESIGN AND METHOD: This descriptive and cross-sectional research was implemented with 1185 high school students. Data collection tools were "Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version," "UCLA Loneliness Scale," and "Parental Attitude Scale." FINDINGS: As the level of addiction to smartphones rose, the percentage of students feeling lonely dropped (p < .001). Although the students' smartphone addiction was low, the rate of using the smartphone to be relieved of loneliness and for the purpose of the communication was high. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Education programs for improving the communication skills of adolescents that may be instrumental in reducing loneliness would in fact be effective in terms of smartphone usage and feelings of loneliness.

The Effect of Breast Cancer Fatalism on Breast Cancer Awareness Among Turkish Women.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of breast cancer fatalism and other factors on breast cancer awareness among Turkish women. This cross-sectional and comparative descriptive study was conducted with 894 women. Data were collected by Personal Information Form, Powe Fatalism Inventory and Champion's Health Belief Model Scale. Seriousness, health motivation, BSE benefits and BSE self-efficacy perceptions of the women were moderate, and susceptibility and BSE barriers perceptions were low. It was determined that awareness of breast cancer of the women was affected by breast cancer fatalism, age, education level, employment status, marital status, family type, economic status, social assurance, menopause status, family history of cancer, family history of breast cancer, knowledge on BSE, source of information on BSE, performing of BSE, frequency of BSE performing, having a problem with breast, having a breast examination in hospital, feeling during breast examination by healthcare professional, sex of healthcare professional for breast examination and their health beliefs (p < .05). The results suggested that awareness of breast cancer of the women was affected by breast cancer fatalism. In providing breast cancer early diagnosis behaviors, it is recommended to evaluate fatalism perceptions and health beliefs of the women and to arrange educational programs for this purpose.

Determination of Spatial Distribution of Children Treated in Children Oncology Clinic with the Aid of Geographic Information Systems.

The main objective of this research is to examine child cancer cases in Zonguldak/Turkey descriptively in epidemiological aspect with the help of GIS. Universe of the study is composed of 60 children between 1 and 19 years old who were treated in Children Oncology Clinic with a diagnosis of cancer. Whole universe was reached without selecting a sample in the study. Data were collected by using a form prepared by obtaining expert advice and they were applied to children and their parents at study dates. Results were expressed as percentages. Chi-Square test was used in intergroup comparisons, results were assessed within 95 % confidence interval and p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Variables that were used in the study were assessed, recorded in prepared data collection form and distribution maps were produced. When disease diagnosis of the children participated in the study were evaluated, the most observed three types are ALL with 33.3 % (n = 20), Medullablastoma with 13.3 % (n = 8) and Hodgkin-nonHodgkin Lymphoma with 11.7 % (n = 7). Kdz. Eregli with 31.7 % (n = 19), Center with 31.7 % (n = 19), and Caycuma with 18.3 % (n = 11) are the first-three counties where the cases were mostly observed. Statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.016) comparing disease diagnosis with living place, and distribution maps of the number of cancer cases were produced.

Effects of Breast Cancer Fatalism on Breast Cancer Awareness among Nursing Students in Turkey.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and leading cause of death worldwide, including in Turkey. High perceptions of cancer fatalism are associated with lower rates of participation in screening for breast cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of breast cancer fatalism and other factors on breast cancer awareness among nursing students in Turkey. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at three universities in the Western Black Sea region. The sample was composed of 838 nursing students. Data were collected by Personal Information Form, Powe Fatalism Inventory (PFI) and Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). RESULTS: Breast cancer fatalism perception of the students was at a low level. It was determined that students' seriousness perception was moderate, health motivation, BSE benefits and BSE self-efficacy perceptions were high, and BSE barriers and sensitivity perceptions were low. In addition, it was determined that students awareness of breast cancer was affected by breast cancer fatalism, class level, family history of breast cancer, knowledge on BSE, source of information on BSE, frequency of BSE performing, having breast examination by a healthcare professional within the last year and their health beliefs. CONCLUSIONS: In promoting breast cancer early diagnosis behaviour, it is recommended to evaluate fatalism perceptions and health beliefs of the students and to arrange training programs for this purpose.

Attitudes of Turkish Nursing and Medical Students Toward Elderly People.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attitudes of nursing and medical students toward older people in Turkey. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional and comparative descriptive study. The Turkish version of Kogan's Old People Scale was used to evaluate attitudes toward older people among 618 students. RESULTS: Medical students showed more positive attitudes toward older people than nursing students. Students who were females, whose economic income was less than expenditure, and who were not interested in working with older people after graduation showed less positive attitudes. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that positive attitudes toward older people exist; despite this, it is obvious that more efforts are required to enhance these attitudes. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Revision and improvement in curricula are needed to enhance the attitudes of students toward older people, and lecturers in schools should further consider the need to prepare students for their roles as caregivers for this particular group.

Factors affecting the prevalence of obesity among primary school students in Turkey.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is an energy metabolism disorder which results in the excessive storage of fat and may also lead to physical and psychological problems. Since the 1980s, obesity has drastically increased across all age and socio-economic groups around the world. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to investigate the risk factors affecting obesity in students in the age group of 6-15 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a population-based cross-sectional study on 868 students in Bahçelievler elementary school in Zonguldak, Turkey from March to April in 2010. Data was collected using demographic questionary forms and weight-length measurements. RESULTS: The median age was 10.3 ± 2.1; 47.6% of the children were female and 52.4% of them were male. About 70.2% of the students consumed fast food. It was identified that 67.1% of the students in the 6-10-year age group and 32.9% in 11-15-year age group were obese (P = 0.000). The obesity prevalence of children with one or two siblings was higher than the ones with more than two siblings (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The study concluded that there were certain criteria related to development of obesity during a specific period of childhood and taking certain precautions could be effective in preventing it.