RESUMO
Background: The steady increase in type 2 diabetes prevalence and the availability of new antidiabetic drugs (AD) have risen the use of these drugs with a change in the patterns of specific drug utilization. The complexity of this treatment is due to successive treatment initiation, switching and addition in order to maintain glycaemic control. The aim of this study was to describe the utilization patterns of ADs at initiation, treatment addition, and switching profiles and to measure factors influencing persistence to therapy. Methods: Retrospective observational study. Data were retrieved from the Campania Regional Database for Medication Consumption. Population consisted of patients receiving at least one prescription of ADs between January 1 and December 31, 2016. We calculated time to treatment switching or add-on as median number of days and interquartile range (IQR). Persistence rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. We used Cox regression models to estimate the likelihood of non-persistence over 1 year of follow-up. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: Of 14,679 patients, 86.9% started with monotherapy and 13.1% with combination therapy. Most common initial treatment was metformin in both monotherapy and combination therapy. First-line prescription of sulfonylurea was observed in 6.9% of patients aged 60-79 years and in 10.8% of patients aged ≥80 years. Patients starting with metformin showed fewer treatment modifications (10.4%) compared to patients initiating with sulfonylureas (35.2%). Newer ADs were utilized during treatment progression. Patients who initiated with sulfonylurea were approximately 70% more likely to discontinue treatment compared to those initiated on metformin. Oldest age group (≥80 years) was more likely to be non-persistent, and likelihood of non-persistence was highest in polymedicated patients. Patients changing therapy were more likely to be persistent. Conclusions: Our results show that treatment of T2D in Italy is consistent with clinical guidelines. Even if newer ADs were utilized during disease progression, they seem not to be preferred in patients with a higher comorbidity score, although these patients could benefit from this kind of treatment. Our study highlights patients' characteristics that might help identify those who would benefit from counselling from their health-care practitioner on better AD usage.
RESUMO
Antecedentes y objetivo: Varios estudios han puesto de manifiesto un cumplimiento terapéutico subóptimo en la población general, sobre todo en ancianos y en enfermos crónicos. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la adherencia al tratamiento de diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia e hipertensión arterial, e identificar los factores que la influencian. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional transversal retrospectivo sobre 16.208 pacientes mayores de 65 años de la Cohorte EpiChron, que iniciaron tratamiento en monoterapia de un antidiabético, un hipolipidemiante o un antihipertensivo en 2010. La adherencia se midió mediante el cálculo de la relación de posesión de medicación durante un año de seguimiento, considerándose adherentes los casos con posesión de medicación ≥80%. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y un modelo de regresión logística para identificar los factores predictores de baja adherencia. Resultados: La adherencia a los antidiabéticos, antihipertensivos e hipolipidemiantes fue del 72,4; 50,7 y 44,3%, respectivamente. Se observó un aumento en la adherencia del 3-8% por cada enfermedad crónica adicional del paciente. La presencia de enfermedad mental no afectó a la adherencia, y el sexo, edad y número de fármacos prescritos no presentaron efectos consistentes. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto una adherencia al tratamiento subóptima en las enfermedades crónicas estudiadas. La adherencia aumentó con el número de enfermedades crónicas, mientras que sexo, edad y número de fármacos no presentaron un efecto consistente. Es necesario investigar si existen otros factores que puedan influir en la adherencia terapéutica, ya que su mejora puede tener mayor impacto en la salud que cualquier avance en las terapias
Background and objective: Sub-optimal adherence to treatment in the general population has been highlighted in several studies, especially in the elderly and/or chronic patients. This study aims to describe the adherence to treatment of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and hypertension, and to identify the factors that influence adherence. Material and method: Retrospective, cross-sectional observational study on 16,208 patients aged ≥65 years from the EpiChron Cohort who initiated monotherapy treatment of an antidiabetic, a lipid-lowering or an antihypertensive medication in 2010. Adherence was measured by calculating the medication possession ratio during one year, considering those cases with medication possession ratio ≥80% to be adherent. We performed a descriptive study, and a logistic regression model was used to identify the predictors of low adherence. Results: Adherence to antidiabetics, antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs was 72.4%, 50.7% and 44.3%, respectively. An increase in adherence of 3-8% was observed for each additional chronic disease suffered by the patient. The presence of mental illness did not affect adherence, and sex, age and number of prescribed drugs did not present consistent effects. Conclusion: The results obtained show a sub-optimal adherence to treatment for the 3chronic diseases studied. Adherence increased with the number of chronic diseases, while sex, age and number of drugs did not show a consistent effect. It is necessary to investigate if there are other factors that may influence therapeutic adherence, since improving adherence may have a greater impact on health than any progress in therapies
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento , Hipertensão/terapia , Hipercolesterolemia/terapia , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Modelos Logísticos , Doença Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Crônica/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Sub-optimal adherence to treatment in the general population has been highlighted in several studies, especially in the elderly and/or chronic patients. This study aims to describe the adherence to treatment of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and hypertension, and to identify the factors that influence adherence. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective, cross-sectional observational study on 16,208 patients aged ≥65 years from the EpiChron Cohort who initiated monotherapy treatment of an antidiabetic, a lipid-lowering or an antihypertensive medication in 2010. Adherence was measured by calculating the medication possession ratio during one year, considering those cases with medication possession ratio ≥80% to be adherent. We performed a descriptive study, and a logistic regression model was used to identify the predictors of low adherence. RESULTS: Adherence to antidiabetics, antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs was 72.4%, 50.7% and 44.3%, respectively. An increase in adherence of 3-8% was observed for each additional chronic disease suffered by the patient. The presence of mental illness did not affect adherence, and sex, age and number of prescribed drugs did not present consistent effects. CONCLUSION: The results obtained show a sub-optimal adherence to treatment for the 3chronic diseases studied. Adherence increased with the number of chronic diseases, while sex, age and number of drugs did not show a consistent effect. It is necessary to investigate if there are other factors that may influence therapeutic adherence, since improving adherence may have a greater impact on health than any progress in therapies.
