The Effect of Caffeic Acid on Spermatogonial Stem Cell-type A Cryopreservation.

BACKGROUND: Cancer treatment methods can lead to male infertility .in this regard, cryopreservation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) and cell-to-person transplantation after the course of treatment to resolve the problem of infertility is a good one. The cryopreservation of SSC is an important process as it can help on the return of spermatogenesis. However, during this process, the stem cells often become damaged which degrades their value for experiments and treatments. Caffeic acid (CA) is an antioxidant that has been shown to increase the viability of cells under stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CA has on spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) cryopreservation. METHODS: Spermatogonial stem cells isolated from the testes of Balb/c mice pups were cultured in laminincoated dishes, purified using CD90.1 microbeads, then cryopreserved in vitrification media supplemented with 10 µM CA either through a slow or rapid freezing process. After thawing, cell viability was evaluated. Expression of Bax, Fas, Bcl-2 and P53 genes was determined by real-time PCR. Gel electrophoresis was used to confirm the results of the real-time PCR. RESULTS: The viability of the SSCs that were rapidly frozen and treated with CA was observed to be significantly reduced compared to the control group (p < 0.003). The viability SSCs that received CA and underwent the slow freezing treatment was significantly reduced compared to controls (p < 0.002). The expression levels of BAX, BCL-2, and Fas in the rapid freeze-thaw group didn't significantly change. However, the levels of P53 expression were shown to increase. In the group of SSCs that underwent the slow freezing process, the BAX gene expression levels increased, while the levels of BCL-2 gene expression decreased. No significant changes in the level of Fas and P53 expression were detected. When comparing the groups that received CA treatment, SSCs that were rapidly frozen showed an up-regulation of Fas and P53 expression and a down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bax expression. CONCLUSION: Caffeic acid may protect intact SCCs during the cryopreservation process through stimulating the induction of apoptosis in injured SSCs. Supplementing the vitrification media with CA has a superior effect on the preservation of SSCs.

Synthesis of spherical Fe3O4 nanoparticles from the thermal decomposition of iron (III) nano-structure complex: DFT studies and evaluation of the biological activity.

A novel Fe(III) Schiff base complex of the [FeL2(NO3)2]NO3 type where L = 2-((pyridin-4-yl)methyleneamino)-3-aminomaleonitrile was synthesized using the reflux and sonochemical methods and their antibacterial and antifungal activity were evaluated. The nanoparticles of iron oxide (Fe2O3) were obtained from the iron nano-structure complex as a precursor after calcination at 600 ˚C for 3 h. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The results of SEM showed that the morphology of iron nano-structure complex was rod-like while the morphology of the Fe2O3 nano powder was spherical. The results of the biological studies indicated that the iron nano-structure complex showed a stronger antibacterial and antifungal efficiency than its bulk complex. Finally, the empirical geometrical parameters of complexes revealed a good agreement with calculated ones at DFT-B3LYP level.

The triazine-based azo-azomethine dyes; synthesis, characterization, spectroscopy, solvatochromism and biological properties of 2,2'-(((6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(sulfanediyl)bis(2,1-phenylene))bis(azanylylidene)bis(methanylylidene))bis(4-(phenyldiazenyl)phenol).

The macrocyclic azo-azomethine dyes 2,2'-(((6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(sulfanediyl)bis(2,1-phenylene))bis(azanylylidene)bis(methanylylidene))bis(4-(phenyldiazenyl)phenol) and its derivatives were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, mass, FT-IR, UV-vis and NMR spectroscopy. The solvatochromism as well as effects of substitutions on the electronic absorption of these compounds have been studied in the DMSO, DMF, THF, CH3CN, CH3OH and CH3COOH as solvents. Also they positive solvatochromism behaviors are explained on the basis of intramolecular hydrogen bonding, enol-keto tautomeric and dipole moment changes. Compounds having electron donating substituent on the phenyl ring showed good antioxidant activity. However, none of them has a considerable antibacterial activity.

Synthesis, characterization, solvatochromism and biological properties of 2,2'-((1E,1'E)-((1,2,5-oxadiazole-3,4-diyl)bis (azanylylidene))bis(methan-ylylidene))bis(4-(phenyldiazenyl)phenol).

Azo-azomethine dyes 2-((4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-ylimino)methyl)-4-(phenyl diazenyl)phenols (2a-h) have been synthesized by condensation reaction of 3,4-diamino-1,2,5-oxadiazole with 2-hydroxy-5-[(E)-(aryldiazenyl)]benzaldehyde (1a-h) in methanol. The structures of dyes have been characterized by elemental analysis, mass, IR, UV-Vis, 1H and 13С NMR spectroscopy. UV-Vis absorption spectra indicated enol-keto tautomeric and positive solvatochromism in compounds 2a-h which is dependent on the substitution, solvent, pH and environment temperature. The synthesized compounds were investigated for their in vitro antioxidant activity by diphenylpicrylhydrazyl assay. Compounds substituted with electron donating groups, such as, alkyl and methoxy groups showed moderate antioxidant activity. The in vitro antibacterial activity of all compounds was determined by disk diffusion method. The test compounds showed varying degree of inhibition against B. cereus and S. aureus strains.

Spectroscopy and solvatochromism studies along with antioxidant and antibacterial activities investigation of azo-azomethine compounds 2-(2-hydroxyphenylimino)methyl)-4-phenyldiazenyl)phenol.

The azo-azomethine compounds 2-(2-hydroxyphenylimino)methyl)-4-phenyldiazenyl)phenol (2a-d) were prepared from the reaction of 2-aminophenol with 2-hydroxy-5-(aryldiazenyl)benzaldehyde (1a-d). The structures of all compounds were then characterized by elemental analysis, mass, infrared, UV-vis, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The electronic absorption spectra indicated enol-keto tautomeric and positive solvatochromism in compounds (2a-d), which is dependent on the substitution, nature of solvent, pH and environment temperature. The compounds (2a-d) were also evaluated for antibiotic activities by disc diffusion method. Compounds 2a and 2b exhibited antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, but 2c and 2d were found to have no remarkable antibacterial activity. All the compounds (2a-d) also showed antioxidant activity as determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) method.

Spectroscopic and solvatochromism studies along with antioxidant and antibacterial activities investigation of 2-((2-mercaptophenylimino)methyl)-4-(phenyldiazenyl)phenol.

The condensation reaction of 2-hydroxy-5-(aryldiazenyl)benzaldehyde (1a-d) with 2-aminothiophenole affored Schiff base compounds 2-((2-mercaptophenylimino)methyl-4-(-aryldiazenyl)phenol (2a-d). The structures of compounds (2a-d) were characterized by elemental analysis, mass, infrared, UV-vis and NMR spectroscopy. The 2a-d shows enol-keto tautomeric and positive solvatochromism. The antibacterial activities of 2a-d were also evaluated by disc diffusion method. Compound 2b displayed activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, 2a and 2c were active against B. cereus but 2d did not exhibit activity against the tested organisms. Among the tested compounds, 2b showed the best antioxidant properties as evaluated by free radical scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl and ferric reducing power determination.