Penicillin susceptibility among invasive MSSA infections: a multicentre study in 16 Spanish hospitals.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of penicillin susceptibility among MSSA causing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in 16 Spanish hospitals and to characterize the penicillin-susceptible MSSA (MSSA-PENS) isolates. METHODS: A total of 1011 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were collected from blood cultures in 16 Spanish hospitals during 2018-19 (6-12 months) and their susceptibility to 18 antimicrobials was determined. The MSSA-PENS isolates were selected and examined by PCR to determine the presence of the blaZ gene, other resistance genes and the genes lukF/lukS-PV, eta, etb and tst. The immune evasion cluster (IEC) type was also analysed. All the MSSA-PENS isolates were submitted to S. aureus protein A (spa) typing and the clonal complexes (CCs) were assigned according to their spa type. RESULTS: The prevalence of MSSA was 74.6% (754/1011) and 14.9% (151/1011) were MSSA-PENS-blaZnegative. MSSA-PENS-blaZnegative isolates (n = 151) were ascribed to 88 spa types and 11 CCs. The most frequent CCs were CC5 (35/151) and CC398 (25/151), with t002-CC5 and t571-CC398 being the most common lineages. Pan-susceptibility was identified in 117 of the 151 MSSA-PENS-blaZnegative isolates (77.5%). In the remaining isolates, erythromycin and clindamycin resistance was the most frequent resistance found, although tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, fusidic acid, mupirocin and/or tetracycline resistance was also detected. Thirty-eight MSSA-PENS-blaZnegative isolates were IEC negative and four isolates were Panton-Valentine leucocidin ('PVL') positive. CONCLUSIONS: A high penicillin susceptibility rate was detected among MSSA, opening therapeutic opportunities for BSIs. The emergence of new successful MSSA-PENS clones could be responsible for these data. The detection among MSSA-PENS-blaZnegative isolates of the clonal lineage CC398 or the absence of an IEC raises questions about their possible animal origin, requiring further analysis.

Prevalence and Genetic Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus CC398 Isolates From Invasive Infections in Spanish Hospitals, Focusing on the Livestock-Independent CC398-MSSA Clade.

BACKGROUND: Livestock-associated (LA)-CC398-MRSA is closely related to pigs, being unfrequently detected in human invasive infections. CC398-MSSA is emerging in human invasive infections in some countries, but genetic and epidemiological characteristics are still scarcely reported. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) CC398, both MRSA and MSSA, among blood cultures SA isolates recovered in Spanish hospitals located in regions with different pig-farming densities (PD) and characterize the recovered isolates. METHODS: One thousand twenty-two SA isolates (761 MSSA, 261 MRSA) recovered from blood cultures during 6-12 months in 17 Spanish hospitals (2018-2019) were studied. CC398 lineage identification, detection of spa-types, and antibiotic resistance, virulence and human immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes were analyzed by PCR/sequencing. RESULTS: Forty-four CC398-MSSA isolates (4.3% of SA; 5.8% of MSSA) and 10 CC398-MRSA isolates (1% of SA; 3.8% of MRSA) were detected. Eleven spa-types were found among the CC398-MSSA isolates with t571 and t1451 the most frequent spa-types detected (75%). Most of CC398-MSSA isolates were Immune-Evasion-Cluster (IEC)-positive (88.6%), tetracycline-susceptible (95.5%) and erythromycin/clindamycin-inducible-resistant/erm(T)-positive (75%). No statistical significance was detected when the CC398-MSSA/MSSA rate was correlated to PD (pigs/km2) (p = 0.108). On the contrary, CC398-MRSA isolates were all IEC-negative, predominately spa-t011 (70%), and the CC398-MRSA/MRSA rate was significantly associated to PD (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: CC398-MSSA is an emerging clade in invasive infections in Spanish hospitals. CC398-MRSA (mostly t011) and CC398-MSSA (mostly t571 and t1451) show important differences, possibly suggesting divergent steps in host-adaptation evolutionary processes. While CC398-MRSA is livestock-associated (lacking IEC-system), CC398-MSSA seems to be mostly livestock-independent, carrying human-adaptation markers.

Classic fever of unknown origin: analysis of a cohort of 87 patients according to the definition with qualitative study criterion. / Fiebre de origen desconocido clásica: análisis de una cohorte de 87 pacientes según la definición con criterio de estudio cualitativo.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of fever of unknown origin (FUO) according to the definition with qualitative study criterion and of patients without diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective observational study performed from 2009 to 2017 of all patients who were diagnosed with FUO according to the extended definition with qualitative study criterion. Demographic, clinical, diagnostic and evolving variables were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 87 patients registered, 17.3% presented criteria of inflammation of unknown origin (IUO). The diagnoses were: non-infectious inflammatory diseases (NIID) in 19 patients (21.8%), infections in 15 (17.2%), miscellaneous in 14 (16.1%), malignant diseases in 13 (15%) and without diagnosis in 26 (29.9%). In 17.6% of the cases, a potentially diagnostic clue (PDC) was identified. The patients without diagnosis were characterized by a lower number of total PDC (5.9±3.3 vs. 8.7±3.4; P=.000), fewer clinical signs (.4±.6 vs. .9±.8; P=.001), a smaller number of tests in the previous study (2.7±2.1 vs. 4.6±2; P=.000), a shorter diagnostic interval (14.6±7.7 days vs. 21.4±9.5 days; P=.029) and less alteration of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (52.3±41.3mm/h vs. 89.8±42.7mm/h; P=.000), haemoglobin (12.9±1.7g/dl vs. 11.7±1.6g/dl; P=.003) and albumin (36.9±6.4g/l vs. 33.2±7.2g/l; P=.025). 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography combined with computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/TC) proved to be helpful in 37% of the cases. Mortality was 6.8%. CONCLUSIONS: The definition of FUO with qualitative study criterion incorporates a diagnostic protocol that provides clear benefits in terms of cost-effectiveness.

Respuesta: Réplica al artículo «Pérdida de peso involuntaria aislada: epidemiologia y factores predictivos de malignidad» / Reply: Reply to the article «Isolated involuntary weight loss: Epidemiology and predictive factors of malignancy»

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Pérdida de peso involuntaria aislada: epidemiología y factores predictivos de malignidad / Isolated involuntary weight loss: Epidemiology and predictive factors of malignancy

Fundamento y objetivos: Los objetivos del estudio han sido analizar la epidemiología, el pronóstico y los factores predictivos de enfermedad maligna de la pérdida de peso involuntaria aislada (PPIA) y conocer la efectividad de una unidad de diagnóstico rápido en la evaluación del proceso. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo observacional realizado en el período de 2006-2015 de todos los pacientes evaluados de PPIA en la unidad de diagnóstico rápido. Se analizaron variables demográficas, clínicas, diagnósticas y evolutivas. Mediante un análisis de regresión logística se identificaron los factores predictivos de enfermedad maligna y factores pronósticos. Resultados: De los 533 pacientes registrados, el 55,1% tenían una edad≥65 años. Los diagnósticos fueron: trastornos orgánicos no neoplásicos en 214 pacientes (40,2%), trastornos psiquiátricos en 144 (27%), cáncer en 81 (15,2%) y causa desconocida en 94 (17,6%). En el 66,7% de los pacientes con cáncer existía el aumento de algún marcador tumoral sérico (MTS). La edad>60 años (OR: 2,71; IC 95%: 1,27-5,77; p=0,01), el género masculino (OR: 3,23; IC 95%: 1,52-6,87; p=0,002), el aumento de un MTS (OR: 2,38; IC 95%: 1,17-4,8; p=0,016) y más de un MTS (OR: 6,51; IC 95%: 2,62-16,13; p=0,000) se identificaron como factores predictivos de enfermedad maligna. La mortalidad fue del 14,2%, asociándose como factor pronóstico el diagnóstico de cáncer (OR: 47,61; IC 95%: 20,76-109;19; p=0,000). Conclusiones: La PPIA es un síndrome clínico que requiere un estudio protocolizado secuencial y un seguimiento. Los MTS se han identificado como factores predictivos de enfermedad maligna

Background and objectives: The aims of the study were to analyse the epidemiology, prognostic and predictive factors of malignant disease on isolated involuntary weight loss (IIWL) and to know the effectiveness of the quick diagnosis unit in the evaluation of the process. Material and methods: Prospective observational study realised from 2006 to 2015 of all patients who were evaluated with IIWL in the quick diagnosis unit. Demographic, clinical, diagnostic and evolutive variables were analysed. Through the analysis of logistic regression, predictive factors of malignant disease and prognostic factors were identified. Results: Of the 533 registered patients, 55.1% were≥65 years old. The diagnostics were: non-neoplastic organic disorders in 214 patients (40.2%), psychiatric disorders in 144 (27%), cancer in 81 (15.2%) and unknown cause in 94 (17.6%). In 66.7% of the patients with cancer, there was an increase of serum tumour markers (STM). Being over 60 (OR: 2.57; 95% CI: 1.27-5.77; P=.01) %), male (OR: 3.23; 95% CI: 1.52-6.87; P=0.002), increase of an STM (OR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.17-4.8; P=0.016) and more than one STM (OR: 6.51; 95% CI: 2.62-16.13; P=0.000) were identified as predictive factors of malignancy. Mortality was 14.2%; the diagnosis of cancer (OR: 47.61; 95% CI: 20.76-109.19; P=0.000) was identified as a prognostic factor. Conclusions: IIWL is a clinical syndrome that requires a study with a sequential protocol and follow-up. STM were identified as predictive factors of malignancy

Isolated involuntary weight loss: Epidemiology and predictive factors of malignancy. / Pérdida de peso involuntaria aislada: epidemiología y factores predictivos de malignidad.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to analyse the epidemiology, prognostic and predictive factors of malignant disease on isolated involuntary weight loss (IIWL) and to know the effectiveness of the quick diagnosis unit in the evaluation of the process. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective observational study realised from 2006 to 2015 of all patients who were evaluated with IIWL in the quick diagnosis unit. Demographic, clinical, diagnostic and evolutive variables were analysed. Through the analysis of logistic regression, predictive factors of malignant disease and prognostic factors were identified. RESULTS: Of the 533 registered patients, 55.1% were≥65 years old. The diagnostics were: non-neoplastic organic disorders in 214 patients (40.2%), psychiatric disorders in 144 (27%), cancer in 81 (15.2%) and unknown cause in 94 (17.6%). In 66.7% of the patients with cancer, there was an increase of serum tumour markers (STM). Being over 60 (OR: 2.57; 95% CI: 1.27-5.77; P=.01) %), male (OR: 3.23; 95% CI: 1.52-6.87; P=0.002), increase of an STM (OR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.17-4.8; P=0.016) and more than one STM (OR: 6.51; 95% CI: 2.62-16.13; P=0.000) were identified as predictive factors of malignancy. Mortality was 14.2%; the diagnosis of cancer (OR: 47.61; 95% CI: 20.76-109.19; P=0.000) was identified as a prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: IIWL is a clinical syndrome that requires a study with a sequential protocol and follow-up. STM were identified as predictive factors of malignancy.

Brote de Salmonella Typhimurium monofásica asociada al consumo de carne asada de cerdo / Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium outbreak due to the consumption of roast pork meat

Se describe un brote de gastroenteritis aguda por Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium monofásica 4, 5, 12: i:-, en una concentración de motos en Valladolid. Se recogió información de 112 afectados pertenecientes a 7 Comunidades Autónomas. La investigación epidemiológica asoció el brote al consumo de bocadillos de carne de cerdo asada con salsa que vendía un puesto ambulante en dicho evento

This report presents an outbreak of monophasic Salmonella enteric serovar Typhimurium fagotipe 4, 5, 12: i:-, in a motorcycle concentration in Valladolid. Information was collected to one hundred and twelve affected from seven Spanish Autonomous Communities. The epidemiological investigation associated the outbreak with the consumption of roast pork with sauce sandwiches sold at a street market in that event

Una década de una unidad de diagnóstico rápido / A decade of a quick diagnosis unit

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Source identification of autochthonous-introduced Plasmodium vivax Malaria, Spain.

In 2014, an autochthonous case of introduced malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax was identified in Spain. The strain that infected this patient was identical to that of a prior imported case from Pakistan. This is the first case where the source of infection could be identified since elimination in Spain.

Marcadores tumorales séricos en pacientes asintomáticos / Serum tumour markers in asymptomatic patients

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Modelo multidisciplinario de una unidad de diagnóstico rápido / Multidisciplinary model of an early diagnosis outpatients unit

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