Eating context and ultraprocessed food consumption among UK adolescents.

We aimed to evaluate the association between eating context patterns and ultraprocessed food consumption at two main meal occasions in a representative sample of UK adolescents. Data were acquired from 4-d food records of adolescents aged 11-18 years, who participated in the 2014-2016 UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (n 542). The eating context was assessed considering the location of the meal (lunch and dinner) occasion, the individuals present, whether the television was on and if the food was consumed at a table. Ultraprocessed foods were identified using the NOVA classification. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify eating context patterns for lunch and dinner. Linear regression models adjusted for the covariates were utilised to test the association between eating context patterns and the proportion of total daily energy intake derived from ultraprocessed foods. Their contribution was about 67 % to energy intake. Three patterns were retained for lunch ('At school with friends', 'TV during family meal' and 'Out-of-home (no school)'), and three patterns were retained for dinner ('Watching TV alone in the bedroom', 'TV during family meal' and 'Out-of-home with friends'). At lunch, there was no significant association between any of the three patterns and ultraprocessed food consumption. At dinner, the patterns 'Watching TV alone in the bedroom' (coefficient: 4·95; 95 % CI 1·87, 8·03) and 'Out-of-home with friends' (coefficient: 3·13; 95 % CI 0·21, 6·14) were associated with higher consumption of ultraprocessed food. Our findings suggest a potential relationship between the immediate eating context and ultraprocessed food consumption by UK adolescents.

Primary care-based interventions for treatment of obesity: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to synthesise evidence from primary care-based interventions for the treatment of obesity in adults and the elderly. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. METHODS: Eight electronic databases (MEDLINE, Lilacs, Embase, Psycinfo, Cochrane, WHOLIS, Open Gray and Scholar Google) were searched. There was no limitation on publication period; articles published in English, Portuguese or Spanish were included. The selection, data extraction and quality analyses were performed by three reviewers. RESULTS: A literature search retrieved 6464 publications, of which 5120 publications were excluded after reading the title/abstract and 293 after reading the full text. In total, 56 publications, representing 72 interventions were included. All studies were published between 2000 and 2020. Most studies were conducted in high-income countries. The mean duration of interventions was 11.5 months (SD: 7.5), ranging from 3 to 44 months. Most interventions were effective for body mass index reduction, weight loss and waist circumference change. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that most interventions were effective for outcomes analysed in adults and the elderly. We also found some literature gaps, such as the need to implement and evaluate obesity after intervention and the requirement to carry out more studies in low- and middle-income countries.