Dynamic and static ultrasound features predictive of vesicoureteral reflux and renal damage in children and adolescents with neurogenic bladder

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic and static ultrasound (DSUS) in detecting vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and renal scarring in a cohort of children with neurogenic bladder (NB). Materials and Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal, observational study was conducted using the Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies guideline. The DSUS (index test) data were compared with voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and renal scintigraphy 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic (reference tests). Overall performance for predicting VUR and renal scarring was assessed using renal pelvic diameter (RPD)/distal ureteral diameter and renal parenchymal thinning on DSUS, respectively. Results: A total of 107 patients (66 girls, median age 9.6 years) participated. Seventeen patients (15.9%) presented VUR, eight bilateral. For overall reflux grade, the AUC was 0.624 for RPD and 0.630 for distal ureteral diameter. The diagnostic performance for detecting high-grade VUR was slightly better for DSUS parameters. The AUC was 0.666 for RPD and 0.691 for distal ureteral diameter. The cut-offs of 5 mm for RPD and 6.5 mm for distal ureteral diameter presented the best diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) to identify high-grade VUR. The increase of RPD during detrusor contractions showed an accuracy of 89.2%. The thinness of renal parenchyma presented an accuracy of 88% for renal scarring. Conclusion: DSUS predicts VUR and renal scarring in children with NB with fair to good accuracy, and all measurements exhibited a high negative predictive value (NPV). The increase in RPD during voiding or detrusor contractions proved to be the most accurate parameter for indicating the presence of VUR in this study.

Dynamic and static ultrasound features predictive of vesicoureteral reflux and renal damage in children and adolescents with neurogenic bladder.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic and static ultrasound (DSUS) in detecting vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and renal scarring in a cohort of children with neurogenic bladder (NB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, longitudinal, observational study was conducted using the Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies guideline. The DSUS (index test) data were compared with voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and renal scintigraphy 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic (reference tests). Overall performance for predicting VUR and renal scarring was assessed using renal pelvic diameter (RPD)/distal ureteral diameter and renal parenchymal thinning on DSUS, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 107 patients (66 girls, median age 9.6 years) participated. Seventeen patients (15.9%) presented VUR, eight bilateral. For overall reflux grade, the AUC was 0.624 for RPD and 0.630 for distal ureteral diameter. The diagnostic performance for detecting high-grade VUR was slightly better for DSUS parameters. The AUC was 0.666 for RPD and 0.691 for distal ureteral diameter. The cut-offs of 5 mm for RPD and 6.5 mm for distal ureteral diameter presented the best diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) to identify high-grade VUR. The increase of RPD during detrusor contractions showed an accuracy of 89.2%. The thinness of renal parenchyma presented an accuracy of 88% for renal scarring. CONCLUSION: DSUS predicts VUR and renal scarring in children with NB with fair to good accuracy, and all measurements exhibited a high negative predictive value (NPV). The increase in RPD during voiding or detrusor contractions proved to be the most accurate parameter for indicating the presence of VUR in this study.

National Vaccine Coverage Survey 2020: methods and operational aspects.

OBJECTIVE: The national vaccination coverage survey on full vaccination at 12 and 24 months of age was carried out to investigate drops in coverage as of 2016. METHODS: A sample of 37,836 live births from the 2017 or 2018 cohorts living in capital cities, the Federal District, and 12 inner cities with 100 thousand inhabitants were followed for the first 24 months through vaccine record cards. Census tracts stratified according to socioeconomic levels had the same number of children included in each stratum. Coverage for each vaccine, full vaccination at 12 and 24 months and number of doses administered, valid and timely, were calculated. Family, maternal and child factors associated with coverage were surveyed. The reasons for not vaccinating analyzed were: medical contraindications, access difficulties, problems with the program, and vaccine hesitancy. RESULTS: Preliminary results showed that less than 1% of children were not vaccinated, full coverage was less than 75% at all capitals and the Federal District, vaccines requiring more than one dose progressively lost coverage, and there were inequalities among socioeconomic strata, favorable to the highest level in some cities and to the lowest in others. CONCLUSION: There was an actual reduction in full vaccination in all capitals and the Federal District for children born in 2017 and 2018, showing a deteriorating implementation of the National Immunization Program from 2017 to 2019. The survey did not measure the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have further reduced vaccination coverage.

Genetic characterization of the rare Bruconha virus (Bunyavirales: Orthobunyavirus) isolated in Vale do Ribeira (Atlantic Forest biome), Southeastern Brazil.

Brazil is a great source of arbovirus diversity, mainly in the Amazon region. However, other biomes, especially the Atlantic Forest, may also be a hotspot for emerging viruses, including Bunyaviruses (Negarnaviricota: Bunyavirales). For instance, Vale do Ribeira, located in the Southeastern region, has been widely studied for virus surveillance, where Flavivirus, Alphavirus and Bunyaviruses were isolated during the last decades, including Bruconha virus (BRCV), a member of Orthobunyavirus genus Group C, in 1976. Recently, a new isolate of BRCV named Span321532 was obtained from an adult sentinel mouse placed in Iguape city in 2011, and a full-length genome was generated with nucleotide differences ranging between 1.5%, 5.3% and 5% (L, M and S segments, respectively) from the prototype isolated 35 years earlier. In addition, each segment placed BRCV into different clusters, showing the high variety within Bunyavirales. Although no evidence for reassortants was detected, this finding reiterates the need for new surveillance and genomic studies in the area considering the high mutation rates of arbovirus, and also to identify the hosts capable of supporting the continuous circulation of Orthobunyavirus.

Serological evidence of hantavirus infection in neotropical bats in an urban area of São Paulo State, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Although hantaviruses have long been associated with rodents, they are also described in other mammalian hosts, such as shrews, moles and bats. Hantaviruses associated with bats have been described in Asian, European and Brazilian species of bats. As these mammals represent the second major mammalian order, and they are the major mammals that inhabit urban areas, it is extremely important to maintain a viral surveillance in these animals. Our aim was to conduct serosurveillance in bats in an urban area in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil, to contribute to the information about hantaviruses circulation in bats. METHODS: We analyzed samples from 778 neotropical bat specimens classified into 21 bat species and four different families collected in the urban area of Ribeirão Preto city, from 2014 to 2019 by an ELISA for the detection of IgG antibodies against orthohantavirus. RESULTS: We detected IgG-specific antibodies against the nucleoprotein of orthohantavirus in 0.9% (7/778) bats tested, including four Molossus molossus (Pallas' Free-tailed Bat), two Glossophaga soricina (Pallas's Long-tongued Bat) and one Eumops glaucinus (Wagner's mastiff bat). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our results show the first serological evidence of hantavirus infection in three common bat species in urban areas.

Genetic characterization of the rare Bruconha virus (Bunyavirales: Orthobunyavirus) isolated in Vale do Ribeira (Atlantic Forest biome), Southeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT Brazil is a great source of arbovirus diversity, mainly in the Amazon region. However, other biomes, especially the Atlantic Forest, may also be a hotspot for emerging viruses, including Bunyaviruses (Negarnaviricota: Bunyavirales). For instance, Vale do Ribeira, located in the Southeastern region, has been widely studied for virus surveillance, where Flavivirus, Alphavirus and Bunyaviruses were isolated during the last decades, including Bruconha virus (BRCV), a member of Orthobunyavirus genus Group C, in 1976. Recently, a new isolate of BRCV named Span321532 was obtained from an adult sentinel mouse placed in Iguape city in 2011, and a full-length genome was generated with nucleotide differences ranging between 1.5%, 5.3% and 5% (L, M and S segments, respectively) from the prototype isolated 35 years earlier. In addition, each segment placed BRCV into different clusters, showing the high variety within Bunyavirales. Although no evidence for reassortants was detected, this finding reiterates the need for new surveillance and genomic studies in the area considering the high mutation rates of arbovirus, and also to identify the hosts capable of supporting the continuous circulation of Orthobunyavirus.

Prevalence of Leishmania infantum in Dogs from Deforested Areas of the Amazon Biome.

Background and Objectives: Species of Leishmania genus are intracellular parasites responsible for severe zoonotic diseases worldwide, such as leishmaniasis. In Brazil, the most important species is Leishmania infantum. In the northern region, the state of Pará is notable, with a high number of cases reported in recent years. The second largest number of cases of human visceral leishmaniasis in the region in recent years has been reported in the city of Marabá (Pará state). We investigated the prevalence of L. infantum in domestic dogs from Marabá in Amazon region in Brazil. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 blood samples were tested using the dual-path platform chromatographic immunoassay (DPP® CVL-Bio-Manguinhos), and molecular diagnosis based in cathepsin L-like gene, which has better specificity and sensitivity than other similar tests. Results: The prevalence of L. infantum was 75.5% (302/400) in the serological test, and 59.25% (237/400) in molecular diagnosis, and 45.5% (182/400) in both tests. Interpretation and Conclusion: The results confirmed that the parasite L. infantum was prevalent in the dog population of the studied region and adoption of appropriate public policies are urgently needed.

Prevalence of Leishmania infantum in dogs from deforested areas of the Amazon biome

Background and Objectives: Species of Leishmania genus are intracellular parasites responsible for severe zoonotic diseases worldwide, such as leishmaniasis. In Brazil, the most important species is Leishmania infantum. In the northern region, the state of Pará is notable, with a high number of cases reported in recent years. The second largest number of cases of human visceral leishmaniasis in the region in recent years has been reported in the city of Marabá (Pará state). We investigated the prevalence of L. infantum in domestic dogs from Marabá in Amazon region in Brazil. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 blood samples were tested using the dual-path platform chromatographic immunoassay (DPP® CVL—Bio-Manguinhos), and molecular diagnosis based in cathepsin L-like gene, which has better specificity and sensitivity than other similar tests. Results: The prevalence of L. infantum was 75.5% (302/400) in the serological test, and 59.25% (237/400) in molecular diagnosis, and 45.5% (182/400) in both tests. Interpretation and Conclusion: The results confirmed that the parasite L. infantum was prevalent in the dog population of the studied region and adoption of appropriate public policies are urgently needed.

Use of flaps in inguinal lymphadenectomy in metastatic penile cancer

ABSTRACT Purpose: Reviewing surgical procedures using fasciocutaneous and myocutaneous flaps for inguinal reconstruction after lymphadenectomy in metastatic penile cancer. Material and Methods: We reviewed the current literature of the Pubmed database according to PRISMA guidelines. The search terms used were "advanced penile cancer", "groin reconstruction", and "inguinal reconstruction", both alone and in combination. The bibliographic references used in the selected articles were also analyzed to include recent articles into our research. Results: A total of 54 studies were included in this review. About one third of penile cancers are diagnosed with locally advanced disease, often presenting with large lymph node involvement. Defects in the inguinal region resulting from the treatment of metastatic penile cancer are challenging for the surgeon and cause high patient morbidity, rendering primary closure unfeasible. Several fasciocutaneous and myocutaneous flaps of the abdomen and thigh can be used for the reconstruction of the inguinal region, transferring tissue to the affected area, and enabling tensionless closure. Conclusions: The reconstruction of defects in the inguinal region with the aid of flaps allows for faster postoperative recovery and reduces the risk of complications. Thus, the patient will be able to undergo potential necessary adjuvant treatments sooner.

Use of flaps in inguinal lymphadenectomy in metastatic penile cancer.

PURPOSE: Reviewing surgical procedures using fasciocutaneous and myocutaneous flaps for inguinal reconstruction after lymphadenectomy in metastatic penile cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the current literature of the Pubmed database according to PRISMA guidelines. The search terms used were "advanced penile cancer", "groin reconstruction", and "inguinal reconstruction", both alone and in combination. The bibliographic references used in the selected articles were also analyzed to include recent articles into our research. RESULTS: A total of 54 studies were included in this review. About one third of penile cancers are diagnosed with locally advanced disease, often presenting with large lymph node involvement. Defects in the inguinal region resulting from the treatment of metastatic penile cancer are challenging for the surgeon and cause high patient morbidity, rendering primary closure unfeasible. Several fasciocutaneous and myocutaneous flaps of the abdomen and thigh can be used for the reconstruction of the inguinal region, transferring tissue to the affected area, and enabling tensionless closure. CONCLUSIONS: The reconstruction of defects in the inguinal region with the aid of flaps allows for faster postoperative recovery and reduces the risk of complications. Thus, the patient will be able to undergo potential necessary adjuvant treatments sooner.

Silicose nas pedreiras: a sutil diferença entre conhecer e adoecer. Intervenções em Saúde do Trabalhador na explotação de rochas ornamentais / Silicosis in quarries: the subtle difference between knowing and fall ill. Interventions in Workers' Health in the exploitation of ornamental stones

Resumo Introdução Trabalhadores nas pedreiras de rochas ornamentais estão expostos a vários riscos ocupacionais, no entanto destacamos a ocorrência da principal doença pulmonar associada à inalação de partículas de sílica. Objetivo Apresentar as principais intervenções em saúde do trabalhador aplicadas na prevenção de exposições ocupacionais à poeira contendo sílica livre em duas pedreiras da região noroeste do Espírito Santo. Método Observação participante dos processos de trabalho em duas pedreiras, realizada em dois anos diferentes, complementada com análise documental. Resultados É possível distinguir as funções mais expostas à inalação de sílica e modificar o processo de trabalho introduzindo tecnologia capaz de minimizar a formação de poeira. O envolvimento de empresários, trabalhadores organizados e do poder público é essencial para o controle de emissão de particulados nas pedreiras. Conclusão Observa-se a necessidade de incentivos para o investimento em capacitação de mão de obra qualificada e em tecnologias de ponta no setor, uma mudança que urge em prol da saúde do trabalhador na produção de rochas ornamentais no combate à silicose.

Abstract Background Workers in ornamental stone quarries are exposed to several occupational hazards; however, it is highlighted the occurrence of the main lung disease associated with inhalation of silica particles. Objective To present the main interventions in worker's health applied in the prevention of occupational exposures to dust-containing free silica in two quarries in the northwestern region of Espírito Santo. Method Observation participant of the work processes in two quarries carried out in two different years, complemented with documentary analysis. Results It is possible to distinguish the functions most exposed to the inhalation of silica and modify the work process by introducing technology capable of minimizing the formation of dust. The involvement of entrepreneurs, organized workers, and public power is essential for controlling the emission of particulates in quarries. Conclusion There is a need for incentives to invest in skilled labor and state-of-the-art technologies in the sector, a change that is urgent for the health of workers in the production of ornamental stones in the fight against silicosis.

Molecular Diagnosis and Prevalence of Trypanosoma vivax (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) in Buffaloes and Ectoparasites in the Brazilian Amazon Region.

Trypanosoma vivax Ziemann is a parasite that affects both wild and domestic ungulates and is transmitted mechanically via tabanids and other blood-sucking insects in the Americas. A total of 621 blood samples from water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis (Linnaeus) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae), and 184 ectoparasite samples (Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius) sensu stricto and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) (Acari: Ixodidae), and Haematopinus tuberculatus (Burmeister) (Phthiraptera: Haematopinidae)) were obtained from 60 farms in the State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon. Twelve buffalo blood samples (1.89%) and 11 ectoparasites (6%) were positive for T. vivax based on the cathepsin L-like gene. All sequences were 99% similar to T. vivax from northeastern Brazil (EU753788) in amplified PCR assays on each of the hosts tested.

Severity levels of physical punishment of children/adolescents: cluster analysis / Níveis de gravidade da punição física de crianças/adolescentes: análise de clusters

Physical punishment - corporal punishment - of children/adolescents is highly prevalent. The objective of this study was to verify if, in a sample of parents/caregivers, there would be subgroups that would differentiate themselves regarding the behavior of physically punishing the children, in terms of modalities, frequency, body parts of the child affected, and presence of parental anger in the act of punishing, denoting severity levels associated with differences in the psychosocial variables pointed out in the literature as risk factors for physical abuse. A quantitative approach was adopted, with a cross-sectional design and cluster method. The study included 87 parents/caregivers who practice physical punishment. The analyses indicated the existence of three clusters that differed in the level of severity of corporal punishment and some of the psychosocial variables, denoting the importance of developing services/programs to cope with violence against children/adolescents and specific psychosocial intervention strategies.

A punição física - castigos corporais - de crianças/adolescentes é altamente prevalente. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se em uma amostra de pais/cuidadores existiriam subgrupos que se diferenciariam quanto ao comportamento de punir/castigar fisicamente os filhos. As modalidades analisadas foram de frequência com que a punição ocorria, de partes do corpo da criança que se punia e de presença de sentimento de irritação/raiva durante o castigo físico, denotando níveis de gravidade associados a diferenças em variáveis psicossociais apontadas como fatores de risco para os abusos físicos. Adotou-se uma abordagem quantitativa, com delineamento transversal e método de clusterização. Participaram 87 pais/cuidadores adeptos a práticas de punição física. As análises indicaram a existência de três agrupamentos que se diferenciaram no tocante à gravidade da punição corporal e em algumas das variáveis psicossociais, denotando a importância de os serviços/programas voltados ao enfrentamento da violência contra as crianças/adolescentes considerarem estratégias de intervenção psicossocial distintas e específicas a cada grupo.

Pais/cuidadores com e sem histórico de abuso: punições corporais e características psicológicas / Parents/caregivers with and without history of abuse: corporal punishment and psychological characteristics / Padres/cuidadores con y sin antecedentes de maltrato: castigos corporales y características psicológicas

A prevalência dos castigos físicos em crianças/adolescentes é muito elevada. Sua aceitação social é ampla, sendo que as legislações brasileiras criam brechas para sua ocorrência. Entre os cientistas, há dissenso quanto aos limites entre castigos e abusos físicos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi contribuir com as discussões nesse âmbito, buscando verificar se grupos de pais/responsáveis sem e com histórico de notificação ao sistema de proteção por abuso físico se diferenciariam quanto à forma de punir/castigar e quanto a variáveis psicossociais consideradas fatores de risco para abuso físico. A abordagem adotada no estudo foi quantitativa, com delineamento transversal e comparativo. Participaram do estudo pais/cuidadores que faziam utilização da punição corporal: 47 sem histórico de notificação e 40 com histórico de notificação por abuso físico. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram: Questionário de Caracterização Sociodemográfica, Roteiro de Entrevista sobre Prática Parental, Inventário de Potencial de Maus-Tratos Infantil (Child Abuse Potential Inventory - CAP). Os pais notificados relataram punições corporais mais graves (ou seja, mais frequentes, mais gravosas e em regiões do corpo mais vulneráveis) e mais angústia, rigidez, infelicidade, problemas com a criança, problemas com os outros e solidão. Todavia, em ambos os grupos, segundo o reportado, a raiva moveria o ato de punir. Esses resultados reiteram a ideia de que todas as formas de punição física são maus-tratos (expressões de violência), pois decorrem das necessidades dos cuidadores ("descarga emocional"). Remetem, porém, a um fenômeno heterogêneo, em termos de gravidade e de fatores associados, que precisa ser assim considerado na proposição de programas de prevenção e de tratamento.(AU)

Physical punishment of children / adolescents is highly prevalent and socially accepted, with a series of loopholes in the Brazilian legislation that favor this practice. Scientists tend to disagree in regard to the limits between physical punishment and physical abuse. This study aimed to contribute to the discussions around this theme, verifying whether practices of physical punishment and psychosocial variables considered risk factors for physical abuse differ among parents / caregivers with and without history of physical abuse notifications to protection agencies. The study was conducted with parents / caregivers who adopt practices of corporal punishment, 47 of whom without and 40 with history of physical abuse notification. Data were collected by means of Characterization Questionnaire, Parental Practice Interview, and Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAP). Notified parents reported more severe corporal punishments (more frequent, more dangerous, in more vulnerable body regions) and more distress, severity, unhappiness, problems with the child and other people, and loneliness. Both groups reported that the act of punishing was moved by anger. These results reiterate the notion that all forms of physical punishment are maltreatment (expressions of violence) resulting from the needs of the caregivers ("emotional discharge"). However, these practices refer to a heterogeneous phenomenon in terms of severity and associated factors, which must be considered when proposing prevention and treatment programs.(AU)

Los castigos corporales de niños/adolescentes tiene una prevalencia muy elevada. Su aceptación social es amplia, y las legislaciones brasileñas no logran abarcar las puniciones adecuadas para esta práctica. No existe un consenso entre los científicos en cuanto a los límites entre punición corporal y maltrato físico. El objetivo del presente estudio fue contribuir con las discusiones sobre ese tema, verificando si grupos de padres/responsables sin y con antecedentes de notificación al Sistema de Protección por maltrato físico se diferenciarían en la forma de castigar/punir y en variables psicosociales consideradas factores de riesgo para maltrato físico. Este es un estudio cuantitativo, de tipo transversal y comparativo. Participaron en el estudio padres/cuidadores que hacían uso del castigo corporal: 47 sin antecedentes de notificación al sistema; 40 con antecedentes de notificación por maltrato físico. Los instrumentos utilizados para la recolección de datos fueron: Cuestionario de Datos Sociodemográficos, Entrevista sobre Práctica Parental, Inventario de Potencial de Maltrato Infantil (Child Abuse Potential Inventory - CAP). Los padres notificados reportaron castigos corporales más graves (es decir, más frecuentes, más graves, en regiones del cuerpo más vulnerables) y más angustia, rigidez, infelicidad, problemas con el niño, problemas con los demás y soledad. Según el reportado, en ambos grupos, la rabia movería el acto de castigar. Estos resultados reiteran la idea de que todas las formas de castigo físico son maltrato (manifestación de violencia), pues se derivan de las necesidades de los cuidadores ("descarga emocional"). Sin embargo, remiten a un fenómeno heterogéneo, en términos de gravedad y de factores asociados, que necesita considerarse en la propuesta de programas de prevención y de tratamiento.(AU)

Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in São Paulo, Brazil, the Most Populous City of South America: Isolation, Molecular Diagnosis, and Phylogenetic Inferences.

Background and Objectives: Canine visceral leishmaniasis affects dogs, the main urban reservoirs, which favor the transmission and expansion of this zoonotic disease in areas with high anthropization process and human density. We investigated the occurence of Leishmania infatum based in molecular diagnosis, and phylogenetic analysis of isolates obtained from dogs in metropolitan region of São Paulo. Methods: A total of 201 dogs were tested by parasitological and molecular diagnosis. Phylogenetic analysis based sequences from SSUrDNA and gGAPDH genes were performed. Results: The parasitological diagnosis revealed 5% (10/201) of positivity, and the sequences obtained from seven isolates were clustered with L. infantum in phylogentic analysis based on SSUrDNA and gGAPDH genes. A total of 24.9% (50/201) of dogs were positive in molecular diagnosis based on cathepsin L-like marker. Interpretation and Conclusion: According to this study, it is necessary to implement a surveillance policy of visceral leishmaniasis, intensifying the actions of diagnosis, prevention, and control of this zoonosis.

Survey of protozoan vector-borne diseases in dogs from Atlantic Rainforest fragment around Billings Dam, São Paulo, Brazil / Levantamento de protozoários transmitidos por vetores em cães de um fragmento de Mata Atlântica nos arredores da Barragem Billings, São Paulo, Brasil

ABSTRACT: Vector-borne diseases are currently one of the biggest public health concerns worldwide. Dogs, being the closest companion animals to humans, are considered the main reservoir of some of these diseases in the urban environment. Therefore, the study of the disease behavior in dogs can help to understand the disease affecting human health. Serological and molecular diagnoses of Babesia vogeli, Rangelia vitalli, Leishmania infantum, and other trypanosomatids, were performed by immunochromatographic and PCR assays, respectively, on dogs in a dog shelter located in an Atlantic Forest fragment near the Billings Dam, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo-Brazil. Our molecular diagnostic results showed a high prevalence of Babesia vogeli, at 20.9% (17/81). No other protozoan was detected in any of the tests. Determining the prevalence of major vector-borne diseases is essential to establish preventive and control measures for zoonotic diseases in animals kept in shelters, in order to minimize the impact of vector-borne diseases on animal health.

RESUMO: As doenças transmitidas por vetores são atualmente um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública. Os cães, sendo os animais de companhia mais próximos dos seres humanos, são considerados os principais reservatórios de algumas dessas doenças no ambiente urbano, e o estudo de seu comportamento em cães ajuda a entender a doença como um todo na saúde humana. Diagnósticos sorológicos e moleculares de Babesia vogeli, Rangelia vitalli, Leishmania infantum e outros tripanossomatídeos, em um abrigo para cães localizado em um fragmento da Mata Atlântica próximo à Barragem Billings, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram realizadas sorologias e diagnósticos moleculares, no ensaio de PCR foram utilizados marcadores moleculares de oligonucleotídeos específicos para alguns protozoários de importância na saúde animal, como Babesia vogeli, Rangelia vitalli, Leishmania infantum e outros tripanossomatídeos. Nossos resultados de diagnóstico molecular mostraram uma alta prevalência de 20,9% (17/81) de Babesia vogeli. Nenhum outro protozoário foi detectado em nenhum dos testes. A determinação da prevalência das principais doenças transmitidas por vetores é essencial para estabelecer medidas preventivas e de controle de doenças zoonóticas em animais mantidos em abrigos. Essas medidas devem ser propostas para minimizar o impacto de doenças transmitidas por vetores na saúde animal.

National scientific production on Burnout Syndrome in ICU nurses and physicians: a bibliometric study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the scientific production on Burnout Syndrome in physicians and nurses of ICU in Brazil. METHOD: Bibliometric study, documentary, with quantitative approach. We selected articles published in Brazil on Burnout Syndrome in the ICUs, in the VHL and Portal Capes, from 2000 to 2018. RESULTS: 40 articles were identified, predominantly from the Southeast. Prevalence of those published in the Brazilian Journal of Intensive Care and in the Journal of Nursing UFPE online. The B2 Qualis periodical is the most prominent. The most prevalent descriptors were: Intensive Care Units, Burnout Syndrome, Burnout and Professional Exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses are more interested in publishing this issue. Burnout Syndrome studied in intensive physicians would contribute to identifying its prevalence in these professionals.

National scientific production on Burnout Syndrome in ICU nurses and physicians: a bibliometric study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To analyze the scientific production on Burnout Syndrome in physicians and nurses of ICU in Brazil. METHOD: Bibliometric study, documentary, with quantitative approach. We selected articles published in Brazil on Burnout Syndrome in the ICUs, in the VHL and Portal Capes, from 2000 to 2018. RESULTS: 40 articles were identified, predominantly from the Southeast. Prevalence of those published in the Brazilian Journal of Intensive Care and in the Journal of Nursing UFPE online. The B2 Qualis periodical is the most prominent. The most prevalent descriptors were: Intensive Care Units, Burnout Syndrome, Burnout and Professional Exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses are more interested in publishing this issue. Burnout Syndrome studied in intensive physicians would contribute to identifying its prevalence in these professionals.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Analisar a produção científica sobre a Síndrome de Burnout em médicos e enfermeiros de UTI no Brasil. MÉTODO: Estudo bibliométrico, documental, com abordagem quantitativa. Foram selecionados artigos publicados no Brasil sobre a Síndrome de Burnout nas UTIs, na BVS e Portal Capes, entre 2000 e 2018. Foi elaborado um mapa conceitual de modo a organizar o eixo temático. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 40 artigos, predominantemente do Sudeste. Prevaleceram os publicados na Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva e na Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on-line. O Qualis periódico B2 é o de maior destaque. Os descritores encontrados com maior prevalência foram: Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, Síndrome de Burnout, Burnout e Esgotamento Profissional. CONCLUSÕES: Enfermeiros apresentam maior interesse em publicar nessa temática. A Síndrome de Burnout estudada em médicos intensivistas contribuiria para identificar a sua prevalência nesses profissionais.

Avaliação dos cuidados de manutenção de cateteres venosos periféricos por meio de indicadores / Evaluation ofmaintenance care for peripheral venue catheters throughindicators / Evaluación del cuidado en el mantenimiento del catéter venoso periférico por medio de indicadores

Objetivo: analisar os cuidados de manutenção de cateteres venosos periféricos por meio de indicadores. Método: estudo observacional prospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em unidades de clínica médica de pacientes adultos. Elaborouse um checklist para a obtenção dos dados, composto pelos indicadores "cuidados com curativos e linhas", "manuseio dos dispositivos instalados" e "registros adequados". A coleta de dados foi realizada por observação direta do paciente e consulta ao prontuário. Os dados foram organizados e analisados em planilhas eletrônicas, que possibilitaram a contabilização de conformidades e não conformidades das práticas avaliadas. Resultados: ocorreram 642 aplicações do checklist. No indicador "cuidados com curativos e linhas", o componente "cateter venoso periférico no prazo de validade" apresentou o maior índice de conformidade (98,8%), e o componente "condições do curativo" obteve a maior não conformidade (85,0%). No indicador "manuseio dos dispositivos instalados", o componente "protege o local para banho" mostrou-se o mais conforme (85,6%), e a maior não conformidade foi observada em "desinfecção das conexões" (89,7%). Já o indicador "registros adequados" apresentou alto índice de não conformidade (99,8%). Determinou-se o índice de positividade para avaliar a qualidade da assistência. Esta se apresentou adequada no componente "cateter venoso periférico no prazo de validade" e segura para o componente "protege o local para banho". Os demais componentes alcançaram qualidade da assistência sofrível ou limítrofe. Conclusão: a avaliação dos cuidados de manutenção do cateter venoso periférico identificou as fragilidades e permitiu propor estratégias focadas nas necessidades da equipe, objetivando melhorar o cuidado prestado.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the maintenance care of peripheral venous catheters through indicators. Method: prospective observational study with quantitative approach, performed in medical clinic units of adult patients. A checklist was elaborated to obtain the data, consisting of the indicators "care with dressings and lines", "handling of installed devices" and "adequate records". Data collection was performed by direct observation of the patient and consultation of the medical record. The data were organized and analyzed in spreadsheets, which enabled the accounting of conformities and nonconformities of the evaluated practices. Results: there were 642 applications of the checklist. In the indicator "care with dressings and lines", the "expiring date of peripheral venous catheter" component had the highest compliance rate (98.8%), and the "dressing conditions" component had the highest non-compliance (85.0%). In the indicator "handling of installed devices", the component "protects the site while bathing" was the most compliant (85.6%), and the largest non-compliance was observed in "disinfection of connections" (89.7%). The indicator "adequate records" had a high rate of non-compliance (99.8%). The positivity index was determined to assess the quality of care. It was adequate for the "expiring date of peripheral venous catheter" component...(AU)

Objetivo: analizar los cuidados en el mantenimiento de los catéteres venosos periféricos a través de indicadores. Método: estudio observacional prospectivo con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado en unidades de clínica médica de pacientes adultos. Se preparó una lista de verificación para obtener los datos en que constan los indicadores "cuidados con apósitos e hilos", "manejo de dispositivos instalados" y "registros adecuados". La recogida de datos se realizó por observación directa del paciente y consulta de su historial. Los datos fueron organizados y analizados en planillas electrónicas, lo cual permitió la contabilidad de las conformidades y no conformidades de las prácticas evaluadas. Resultados: en la lista de verificación había 642 aplicaciones. En el indicador "cuidados con apósitos e hilos", el componente de "catéter venoso periférico dentro del plazo de validez" tuvo el mayor índice de conformidad (98,8%), y el componente de "condiciones del apósito" tuvo el mayor índice de no conformidad (85, 0%). En el indicador "manejo de los dispositivos instalados", el componente "proteger el sitio para bañarse" fue de mayor conformidad (85,6%), y el de mayor no conformidad se observó en "desinfección de las conexiones" (89,7%). El indicador "registros adecuados" presentó un alto índice de no conformidad (99, 8%). Se determinó el índice de positividad para evaluar la calidad de la atención, adecuada para el componente "catéter venoso periférico dentro del plazo de validez" y segura para el componente "proteger el sitio para bañarse". Los otros componentes lograron calidad asistencial deficiente o en el límite. Conclusión: la evaluación del cuidado en el mantenimiento del catéter venoso periférico identificó las debilidades y permitió proponer estrategias centradas en las necesidades del equipo, con el objetivo de mejorar la atención brindada.(AU)

Identificação de micro-organismos presentes em sistemas de biolixiviação de cobre a 35 e 50°C / Identifying microorganisms related to copper bioleaching at 35 and 50°C

RESUMO A biolixiviação de minérios de baixo teor e com elevado conteúdo de impurezas tem se mostrado alternativa importante para o aproveitamento destes, uma vez que a recuperação do metal por métodos pirometalúrgicos convencionais mostra-se economicamente inviável. A identificação e quantificação dos micro-organismos capazes de promover a biolixiviação mostram-se estratégicas para alcançar bons rendimentos no controle do processo e na recuperação de metais. Nesse sentido, as técnicas de biologia molecular são as ferramentas mais utilizadas para tal propósito. Este trabalho, utilizando técnicas de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), polimorfismos de comprimento dos fragmentos de restrição (RFLP) e reação em cadeia da polimerase seguida de eletroforese em gel com gradiente desnaturante (PCR-DGGE), mostrou que a diversidade nas colunas de biolixiviação de cobre estudadas é baixa e que a temperatura é importante na manutenção de determinadas espécies, havendo predominância de Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans a 35°C e de Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans a 50°C.

ABSTRACT Bioleaching is an alternative to pyrometallurgy for the production of metals from low-grade ores containing high level of impurities, once that live pyrometallurgical methods are economically unfeasible. The quantification and identification of those microorganisms related to bioleaching is an important strategy for process control and thus metal recovery. In this regard, molecular biology is one of the main techniques utilized for such objective. This study applied PCR, RFLP and PCR-DGGE techniques to show that the microbial diversity in copper bioleaching columns under investigation is low and the temperature is important to define the species found, with predominance of Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans, at 35°C and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans at 50°C.