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1.
J Radiol Case Rep ; 14(7): 1-9, 2020 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33088414

RESUMO

Osteopetrosis comprises a rare, heterogeneous group of heritable conditions that are characterized by a defect in bone resorption by osteoclasts. We report the case of a 53-year-old woman with previously undiagnosed osteopetrosis who presented with a pathologic proximal humeral fracture secondary to pleomorphic sarcoma, which is previously undescribed in the English literature. Management of the primary lesion necessitated ablative surgery, but the malignancy nonetheless was associated with rapidly progressive metastatic disease.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas/complicações , Osteopetrose/complicações , Sarcoma/complicações , Neoplasias Ósseas/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteopetrose/diagnóstico , Sarcoma/diagnóstico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
2.
Cureus ; 11(6): e4814, 2019 Jun 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31404321

RESUMO

Simple benign breast cysts are commonly diagnosed in female breasts and may present as palpable masses. However, they are extremely uncommon in the male breast and are rarely reported in the literature. Here, we report a case of a simple benign cyst of the breast in a relatively healthy 37-year-old man. The patient initially presented with a palpable 2-3 mm tender left breast lump. Further evaluation with mammography and ultrasound revealed a mass most consistent with a simple benign cyst. However, considering the rarity of breast cysts in males, the lesion was biopsied to rule out malignancy. Pathology results from ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy demonstrated fibro-adipose tissue with a benign cyst lined by foamy cells with apocrine features, consistent with a diagnosis of a benign epithelial cyst and concordant with the radiological findings. To our knowledge, this is the youngest case of a benign breast cyst in a male that has been reported in the literature. In this case report, we discuss the typical features and presentation of breast cysts in males, associated imaging findings on mammography and ultrasound, and the necessity for pathological confirmation with biopsy in this population.

3.
J Neurosci Methods ; 284: 15-20, 2017 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28392415

RESUMO

Rodent brain atlases have traditionally been used to identify brain structures in three-dimensional space for a variety of stereotaxic procedures. As neuroscience becomes increasingly sophisticated, higher levels of precision and consistency are needed. Observations of various atlases currently in use across labs reveal numerous coordinate discrepancies. Here we provide examples of inconsistencies by comparing the coordinates of the boundaries of various brain structures across six atlas publications. We conclude that the coordinates determined by any particular atlas should be considered as only a first approximation of the actual target coordinates for the experimental animal for a particular study. Furthermore, the coordinates determined by one research team cannot be assumed to be universally applicable and accurate in other experimental settings. To optimize precision, we describe a simple protocol for the construction of a customized atlas that is specific to the surgical approach and to the species, gender, and age of the animal used in any given study.


Assuntos
Artefatos , Encéfalo/anatomia & histologia , Encéfalo/cirurgia , Imageamento Tridimensional/veterinária , Modelos Neurológicos , Neuronavegação/métodos , Neuronavegação/veterinária , Anatomia Artística/métodos , Animais , Atlas como Assunto , Simulação por Computador , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Modelos Anatômicos , Ratos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Especificidade da Espécie , Técnica de Subtração/veterinária
4.
Neuromodulation ; 19(7): 708-716, 2016 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27593216

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The ability to safely place viable intracerebral grafts of human-derived therapeutic stem cells in three-dimensional (3D) space was assessed in a porcine model of human stereotactic surgery using the Intracerebral Microinjection Instrument (IMI) compared to a conventional straight cannula. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of healthy minipigs received injections of the human stem cell line, NSI-566, into the right hemisphere and cell suspension carrier media into the left hemisphere. Group A received all injections using a straight, 21-gauge stainless steel cannula. Group B received all injections using the IMI, whereby radial distribution of injections was achieved via angular extension of a 196-micron diameter cannula from a single overlying penetration of the guide cannula. Each animal received six 20 µL intracerebral-injections within each hemisphere: three in a radial distribution, covering a 180° arc with each injection separated by a 60° arc distance, within both frontal cortex and basal ganglia. H&E and immunocytochemistry (HuNu and GFAP) were used to identify implanted cells and to assess tissue response. RESULTS: The presence of surviving cells in appropriate brain regions demonstrated that the IMI is capable of accurately delivering viable human-derived stem cells safely in a 3D array at predetermined sites within the pig brain. In addition, qualitative evaluation of the target tissue suggests efficient delivery with decreased surgical trauma. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to traditional straight cannulas, the IMI enables the delivery of multiple precise cellular injection volumes in accurate 3D arrays. In this porcine large animal model of human neurosurgery, the IMI reduced surgical time and appeared to reduce neural trauma associated with multiple penetrations that would otherwise be required using a conventional straight delivery cannula.


Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/cirurgia , Células-Tronco Embrionárias/fisiologia , Microinjeções/métodos , Transplante de Células-Tronco/métodos , Animais , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patologia , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Proteína Glial Fibrilar Ácida/metabolismo , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Fosfopiruvato Hidratase/metabolismo , Suínos , Porco Miniatura
5.
Cell Stem Cell ; 15(5): 559-73, 2014 Nov 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25517465

RESUMO

Seizure disorders debilitate more than 65,000,000 people worldwide, with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) being the most common form. Previous studies have shown that transplantation of GABA-releasing cells results in suppression of seizures in epileptic mice. Derivation of interneurons from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has been reported, pointing to clinical translation of quality-controlled human cell sources that can enhance inhibitory drive and restore host circuitry. In this study, we demonstrate that hPSC-derived maturing GABAergic interneurons (mGINs) migrate extensively and integrate into dysfunctional circuitry of the epileptic mouse brain. Using optogenetic approaches, we find that grafted mGINs generate inhibitory postsynaptic responses in host hippocampal neurons. Importantly, even before acquiring full electrophysiological maturation, grafted neurons were capable of suppressing seizures and ameliorating behavioral abnormalities such as cognitive deficits, aggressiveness, and hyperactivity. These results provide support for the potential of hPSC-derived mGIN for restorative cell therapy for epilepsy.


Assuntos
Comportamento Animal , Neurônios GABAérgicos/transplante , Interneurônios/transplante , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes/citologia , Convulsões/terapia , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Animais , Diferenciação Celular , Movimento Celular , Feminino , Neurônios GABAérgicos/citologia , Neurônios GABAérgicos/ultraestrutura , Hipocampo/patologia , Hipocampo/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Interneurônios/citologia , Interneurônios/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Eminência Mediana/citologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Camundongos SCID , Inibição Neural , Optogenética , Convulsões/patologia , Convulsões/fisiopatologia , Potenciais Sinápticos
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