The sequential embryo transfer compared to blastocyst embryo transfer in in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle in patients with the three repeated consecutive IVF. A randomized controlled trial.

The purpose of this study was to determine the pregnancy rate in the double sequential transfer of embryos on both day 3 and day 5 compared to day 5 alone, in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF/ET) in patients with the three repeated consecutive IVF failures. In this controlled trial, women scheduled for IVF/ET with the three repeated consecutive IVF failures were randomized to either sequential transfer of embryos on day 2 and on day 5 after ovum pick-up (group 1, n = 60) or blastocyst ET on day 5 (group 2, n = 60) as a control group. The primary outcome measures were the chemical and clinical pregnancy rate. Baseline and cycle characteristics were comparable in both groups. Chemical and clinical pregnancy rate was similar in the sequential ET group (40%) compared to the day 5 of ET group (38.3%) (p value = .85). It seems that the double ET does not increase the chance of pregnancy rate compared to blastocyst ET on day 5 in the patients with the three repeated IVF-ET failures.

Analysis of ovarian reserve markers (AMH, FSH, AFC) in different age strata in IVF/ICSI patients.

BACKGROUND: The predictive roles of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) as ovarian reserve markers in women with different age groups are not established well. OBJECTIVE: This study compares the value of FSH, AMH and AFC at the time of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment in different age groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 103 women aged 20-43 years candidates for IVF/ICSI cycle were recruited. FSH, AMH and AFC on day 3 of menstrual cycle were measured. The relationship of these measured markers with outcome variables (oocytes number, number of frozen/fresh embryo and chemical and clinical pregnancy) was assessed in different age groups (i.e. 20-32, 33-37 and 38-43 years). RESULTS: our results show that age was correlated with clinical pregnancy, oocyte count and fresh and frozen embryo (p<0.001). AMH, AFC and FSH were not correlated with clinical or chemical pregnancy at total population or age subgroups except the significant correlation of AFC with clinical pregnancy at 33-37 years old group. AFC was correlated with oocyte count and the number of fresh and frozen embryos in the ages group 20-32 years. In this age group, AMH was correlated with fresh and frozen embryos. AMH, AFC and FSH were correlated with oocyte count and the number of fresh embryos in age group 33-37 years. AMH was correlated with oocyte count and the number of fresh embryos in 38-43 years old group. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the age is the superior predictor of IVF outcome and AMH and AFC are variable predicting markers of ovarian reserve in different age groups.

Comparison Pregnancy Outcomes Between Minimal Stimulation Protocol and Conventional GnRH Antagonist Protocols in Poor Ovarian Responders.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the pregnancy outcomes achieved by in vitro fertilization (IVF) between minimal stimulation and conventional antagonist protocols in poor ovarian responders (PORs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 77 PORs undergoing IVF were selected and divided into two groups. First group was the minimal stimulation group (n = 42) receiving 100 mg/day clomiphene citrate on day 2of the cycle for 5 day that was followed by150IU/day human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) on day 5 of the cycle. Second group was the conventional group (n = 35) receiving at least 300 IU/daygonadotropin on day 2 of the cycle. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol was applied for both groups according to flexible protocol. Number of retrieved oocytes and chemical pregnancy rate were the main outcomes. RESULTS: There was no difference in number ofretrieved oocyte and pregnancy rate (2.79 ± 1.96 vs. 2.20 ± 1.71 and 5.6% vs. 4.1%; p > 0.05) between both groups. The gonadotropin dose used in the minimal stimulation group was lower than conventional group (1046 ± 596 vs. 2806 ± 583). CONCLUSION: Minimal stimulation protocol with lower gonadotropin used is likely to be considered as a patient- friendly and cost-effective substitute for PORs.

Pregnancy outcome after blastocyst stage transfer comparing to early cleavage stage embryo transfer.

Blastocyst transfer has been introduced as an alternative for improving the chance for in vitro fertilizations (IVF) implantation. The present study was to evaluate pregnancy rates when embryo transfer was performed either on day 2-3 (cleavage stage) or on day 4-5 (blastocyst stage). This randomized clinical trial included 118 infertile women. All the study subjects underwent controlled ovarian stimulation using a long protocol and randomized into two groups. BS group (n = 57), the culture was extended to day 5 (blastocyst stage) and in the CS-group (n = 61), embryo culture was continued to day 3 (cleavage stage). Ongoing pregnancies, abortion, implantation rate were evaluated. No significant differences were seen in the pregnancy rate between the two groups (33.3% in the BS group versus 27.9% in the CS group; p = 0.519). Abortion, implantation rate in two groups are not significant. Despite the lack of statistical difference between the two study groups, our data suggest that blastocyst transfer may be associated with a higher pregnancy and an overall better implantation rates. However, further studies with larger sample size are mandatory to confirm these findings.

Effect of Urinary Incontinence on Quality of Life among Iranian Women.

OBJECTIVE: Present study aimed to evaluate the effects of stress, urge and mixed urinary incontinence on the quality of life and mental health of Iranian women with urinary incontinence (UI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross sectional study of quality of life and mental health among women without and with different types of urinary incontinence (n = 140). Quality of life (QOL) and mental health were compared and measured using the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6), the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) and the 12-items General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). RESULTS: Women with any types of urinary incontinence showed a significant lower degree of mental health. Women with mixed incontinence reported significantly lower QOL and mental health (P < 0.0001) compared to those with stress and urge incontinence, while there was no significant difference between women with stress and urge incontinence (P= 0.95). CONCLUSION: Patients with UI showed inferior mental health and QOL while these symptoms were more severe among patients with mixed urinary incontinence.

Oxybutynin and tolterodine in a trial for treatment of overactive bladder in Iranian women.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of Oxybutinin in comparison to tolterodine in treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) with detrussor overactivity (DOA) in Iranian women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred Iranian old women with clinical symptoms of OAB who show IDO in the filling cystometry participated in this randomized double-blinded parallel-group by using two kinds of the drugs for 4- week course (2 mg tolterodine twice-daily, or oxybutinin 5 mg, three times a day) in alike packages. We collected data from 3-day FVC before and after the treatment course. The effectiveness of each drug was studied using the paired t-test and improvement after treatment between two groups was compared by independent T-test. RESULTS: Positive changes in urinary urgency, Frequency and Urge incontinence after treatment in both groups were seen but mean improvements in the all were larger in the patients who treated by oxybutinin especially in terms of urgency and Urge incontinence. Dry mouth was the most common side-effect in two groups. Unlike other studies it was higher in the tolterodine group but the difference was not significant. CONCLUSION: Four week treatment with oxybutinin was better than tolterodine in improving urgency and urge incontinence but there were not statistically significance between them.

Reproductive Outcome following Hysteroscopic Monopolar Metroplasty: An Analysis of 203 Cases.

BACKGROUND: : The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive outcome of women with history of infertility or recurrent miscarriage following hysteroscopic septum resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: :This was a retrospective descriptive study performed on 263 patients, among whom 248 patients were infertile (79% with primary infertility and 21% with secondary infertility) and 15 patients presented with histories of recurrent miscarriage (three or more miscarriages) between 2005 and 2009. All participants underwent hysteroscopic septum resection using monopolar knife electrode. The main outcome measure was reproductive outcome after hysteroscopic metroplasty. RESULTS: The septum was completely removed during the first hysteroscopy in 242 (92%) patients. A residual septum was seen in 21 (8%) patients who required a second sitting of surgery. Three cases were complicated by minor perforations which required no further interventions. One operation complicated with bleeding which was controlled by a Foley catheter. There were no cases of postoperative Asherman's syndrome. Postoperatively, out of 263 patients, outcomes of 203 individuals were analyzed. According to the results, the miscarriage rate reduced significantly from 20.2 to 4.9%. Postoperative ectopic pregnancy rate and preterm labor were lower than prior to septum resection. Term deliveries increased significantly from 2.5 to 33.5%. CONCLUSION: Hysteroscopic septum resection is a safe and effective method for patients with history of infertility or recurrent miscarriage.

Comparison of cabergoline and intravenous albumin in the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of cabergoline (Cb2) and intravenous human albumin (HA) in the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial study, 138 women who were at high risk for developing OHSS were randomly allocated into two groups. In Group one, 20 gr of HA 20% was infused over 1 h. Group two received 0.5 mg per day of Cb2 orally for 7 days, starting on oocyte pickup day. All patients were visited seven and 14 days after oocyte retrieval to determine early clinical or ultrasound evidence of OHSS. RESULTS: Moderate OHSS was observed in 33 versus 14 cases in the HA and Cb2 groups, respectively, which was significantly different. The number of severe OHSS cases in the HA group was significantly higher than in the Cb2 group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic oral low dose cabergoline was more effective and less costly than intravenous human albumin in the prevention of OHSS in high-risk patients.

Stimulation of the endometrium with high-grade blastocyst culture supernatant (SEHB) can improve pregnancy outcome for couples undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): a randomized clinical trial.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of stimulating the endometrium with high-grade blastocyst culture supernatant (SEHB) perfusion before blastocyst transfer (BT) on implantation rate, pregnancy rate, and pregnancy outcome in ICSI cycles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-four infertile couples who were referred to the Valiasr department of Imam Hospital complex between January 2010 and March 2011 enrolled in this randomized clinical trial. They were randomly divided into only BT or SEHB groups. Implantation rates, pregnancy rates, abortion, preterm and term delivery rates were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Implantation rates and pregnancy rates did not differ significantly between the two groups. The abortion rate was significantly higher in the BT only group while term delivery was significantly higher in SEHB group. Odds ratios of term delivery and abortion were 4.5 (p = 0.001) and 0.3 (p = 0.04), respectively. CONCLUSION: The SEHB application may improve pregnancy outcome in infertile couples who are candidates for the ICSI reproductive method.