[Geriatria in the republic of Mari El, looking into the past, present and future.]

Population aging is the dominant demographic trend in the Republic of Mari El with the rapid growth of medical and social problems. This requires specific changes in the health care system and an increase in the effectiveness of medical care for the elderly, the most vulnerable category of the population.

[Features of a lipid spectrum and cerebral haemodynamics in liquidators of the Chernobyl accident consequences of the senior age groups].

41 liquidators of 40-70 years old who had worked in the Chernobyl accident area and 30 patients of the same age (control group) were examined. The lipid spectrum of blood and cerebral haemodynamics (Duplex ultrasound scanning of magisterial arteries of the head) were examined. The results indicate that influence of low radiation stimulates the aterogenic forms of dislipoproteinemia and accelerated atherogenesis. The conclusion is made about marked structural and functional changes in cerebral vascular system taking place under the influence of low radiation in patients of older age groups.

[The electrophysiological characteristic of the brain functional status in liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident].

41 liquidators who had worked in the Chernobyl accident area were examined. All of them had nervous diseases. Both alpha-rhythms disorganization and increase of beta-activity were usually observed in brain cortex sensomotor areas of 41 liquidators as compared with 30 healthy individuals. The majority of patients were characterized by both enhanced reaction to light flashes rhythm assimilation and the decrease of nonspecific and skin-galvanic reactions to the light stimulus. The conclusion is made about the systemic CNS damage in liquidators as compared with healthy individuals.

[Dysfunction in the autonomic nervous system in prematurely aging patients].

Some facts from publications and own data of the authors about possibility to research the vegetative nervous system by the heart rhythm variability method, about change of regulating function of the vegetative nervous system in elderly and old people are given in the article. It is shown that changes of the heart rhythm variability indicators in people exposed to radiation have similar characteristics with those in people of natural ageing.

[Possibilites to improve the cerebral venous tonus in patients suffering of accelerated ageing in blood circulation system by the nonmedicamentousal sympathocorrection method]. / Vozmozhnosti nemedikamentoznoi simpatokorrektsii tonusa mozgovykh ven u lits s priznakami uskorennogo stareniia v sisteme krovoobrashcheniia.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the transdermal electro impulses directed on ganglions stellatum in order to prevent the accelerated ageing and improve the cerebral venous flow. Using by the angioscanning method it was been found the phenomenon of ectasia in venae jugularis int. in patients suffering of accelerated ageing in 100% cases. The normalization of venous diameter after the treatment by electrical impulses has been found in 31-55% of cases.

[Decrease of reactivity of cerebral arteries at late stages of life]. / Snizhenie reaktivnosti arterii golovnogo mozga na pozdnikh étapakh zhizni.

The reactivity of cerebral arteries have been examined in three groups of patients (young, middle and adult ages). The medium meanings of the blood flow velocity (V) and the pulsativity index (Pi) were registrated in MCA and PCA under hypercapnia, hyperventilation and light stimulation. It was revealed that the reactivity of cerebral arteries in middle and especially in adult groups was decreased.

[Effects of tumor necrosis factor on the tonus of cerebral arteries]. / Vliianie tumornekrotiziruiushchego faktora na tonus arterii golovnogo mozga.

It was determined that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is capable of decreasing the local brain's blood flow on 45.6% (in the concentration of 6 micrograms/kg); to make a spasm of the pial arteries on 39.6%. In vitro experiments TNF increased the amplitude of the rhythmical and the tonic contractions of the brain's arteries smooth muscles (3.6 X 10(-8) M). The direct action of the TNF in the vascular wall is endothelium-dependent.

[The reactivity and functional heterogeneity of the cerebral arteries]. / O reaktivnosti i funktsional'noi neodnorodnosti arterii golovnogo mozga.

The reactivity and functional heterogeneity of cerebral arteries are maintained by the participation of the endothelium in the regulation of the smooth muscles and by the influence of vasoactive peptides upon the neurotransmitter mechanisms. The initial level of the basal tone plays a major role, too.

[Effect of atriopeptin on the adrenergic mechanism regulating blood vessel tonus]. / Vliianie atriopeptina na adrenergicheskii mekhanizm reguliatsii tonusa krovenosnykh sosudov.

The direct action of atriopeptin on the cell regulation mechanism of the smooth muscle in isolated segments of the portal vein, aorta, pancreatic and cerebral arteries have been studied. It was found that atriopeptin induce the direct relaxation of the smooth muscle in the main vessels only (aorta, portal vein). In the cerebral and pancreatic arteries atriopeptin stops norepinephrine-induced contractions. The data obtained show that the action of the atriopeptin is mediated by Na+-K+ pump activation of smooth muscle cells and restricts vasoconstriction of catecholamine effect.

[Mechanisms of the regulation of the blood supply of the aortic wall]. / K mekhanizmu reguliatsii krovosnabzheniia stenki aorty.

The monoamine-induced contraction as well as the ATP- and hypoxia-induced relaxation of the smooth muscles were recorded in isolated aortal paravasal arteries. The data obtained show that the muscles of paravasal arteries represent a regulation mechanism of the aorta wall blood supply.

[The role of the endothelium in the reactions of the vascular wall to mechanical stretching and the action of neuromediators]. / Rol' éndoteliia v reaktsiiakh sosudistoi stenki na mekhanicheskoe rastiazhenie i deistvie neiromediatorov.

In isolated rings of the rat aorta, the responses of the smooth muscles to mechanical stretching were studied: the endothelium cells potentiated the relaxation under the stretching. After removal of endothelium cells, acetylcholine induced contraction of the smooth muscle.

[Mechanism of the effect of atriopeptin on regional blood flow]. / K mekhanizmu vliianiia atriopeptina na regionarnyi krovotok.

Atriopeptin exerts a direct regulatory vasodilating effect on the mechanism of the regional blood flow maintenance. Under preliminary activation of vascular tone the atrial factor can produce the smooth muscle relaxation. Atriopeptin II is the most active among the three types of atriopeptin, atriopeptin III is the least active.

[Paradoxical phenomenon of an increase in smooth muscle tonus of the cardiac arteries as affected by the combined action of vasoconstrictors]. / Paradoksal'nyi fenomen povysheniia tonusa gladkikh myshts arteri i serdtsa pri kombinirovannom deistvii vazokonstriktorov.

Removal of any component out of a set of biologically active substances augmented the coronary arteries smooth muscle tone. The phenomenon is discussed in respect to participation of intracellular regulatory mechanisms.

[Contractile function of the smooth muscle of the superficial arteries of the cerebral cortex]. / Sokratitel'naia funktsiia gladkikh myshts poverkhnostnykh arterii kory golovnogo mozga.

Cerebral vessel's muscle cells responses to biologically active substances and the metabolic factors were found to depend on the initial functional level of smooth muscles in segments of the cow pial artery.

[Effect of various biologically active substances on the tonus of smooth muscle cells of the arteries of the diencephalon]. / Vliianie nekotorykh biologicheski aktivnykh veshchestv na tonus gladkomyshechnykh kletok arterii promezhutochnogo mozga.

The direct action of biologically active substances on the smooth muscle cells tone was studied in isolated segments of the cow diencephalic arteries. The serotonin, histamine, vasopressin, potassium ions were found to induce a dose-dependent increase of the smooth muscles tone. Weak responses to oxytocin and noradrenaline were revealed.

[Oxygen, carbon dioxide and calcium control of the mechanisms of relaxation in the cerebral artery smooth musculature]. / Kislorod, uglekislota i kal'tsievyi kontrol' mekhanizmov rasslableniia v gladkoi muskulature arterii golovnogo mozga.

The direct action of the hypoxic (PO2 60-20 mm Hg) and hypercapnic (PCO2 50-60 mm Hg) solutions on isolated strips of human cerebral arteries was studied. Verapamil, sodium nitroprusside, manganese, dichlordiphenyltrichlomethylmethan inhibited the hypoxic and hypercapnic relaxation. The data obtained suggest that lowering of PO2 or raising of PCO2 decrease the membrane calcium transport and increase the activity of the cellular calcium pump.