RESUMO
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease with multi-pathways pathogenesis. Sildenafil is a selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor with a potential benefit in the treatment of AD. This study investigated the possible mechanisms underlying the effect of sildenafil in AD with emphasis on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Twenty-four adult male rats were classified into four groups; control group: received vehicles, sildenafil-control: received sildenafil (15 mg/kg/day, p.o.), AD group received Aluminum (25 mg/kg/day, p.o.), AD-treated group: received sildenafil (15 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 6 weeks. AD was assessed by memory performance test and confirmed by histopathological examination and immunostaining of, neurogenesis marker nestin and α-synuclein. The levels of VEGF-A, VCAM-1, oxidative stress markers and TNF-α in brain tissue were evaluated. AD rats showed histopathological evidences of AD; along with increased latency time in the memory test. There was a decrease in VEGF-A, and an increase in VCAM-1, TNF-α, and oxidative stress markers. Immunohistochemical study showed a significant increase in α-synuclein and a significant decrease in nestin expressions in brain tissues. Sildenafil administration ameliorated the histopathological changes and decreased latency time. Such effect was associated with a decrease in VCAM-1, TNF-α and oxidative stress as well as an increase in VEGF-A. Sildenafil caused a significant increase in nestin and a decrease in α-synuclein immunostaining. These findings suggested a protective effect of sildenafil via modulation of VEGF-A, and VCAM-1.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Citrato de Sildenafila/uso terapêutico , Molécula 1 de Adesão de Célula Vascular/metabolismo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Cloreto de Alumínio , Doença de Alzheimer/induzido quimicamente , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Animais , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patologia , GMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Nestina/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Citrato de Sildenafila/farmacologia , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , alfa-Sinucleína/metabolismoRESUMO
Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a medical condition that affects many females as it increases their uterine carcinogenic potential. EH results from entangling hormonal imbalance and inflammatory response. The study examined the role of a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, febuxostat, in a rat model of EH. Adult female Wistar albino rats were subjected to estradiol valerate (EV) 2 mg/kg for 10 days to induce EH. Another group was treated concomitantly with febuxostat 10 mg/kg for the same period. The uterine malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed by chemical methods. Gene expressions of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha were assessed by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histopathology and immunohistochemical techniques were used for the detection of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). The results revealed that EV administration induced complex EH with focal atypia and loss of PTEN expression by the histological examination. Uteri of the EV group showed a significant drop in GSH content and SOD activity and rise in the expressions of PI3K, Akt, VEGF, and IL-6. Febuxostat administration significantly improved the uterine GSH and SOD levels. It decreased the expressions of PI3K, Akt, VEGF, and IL-6. The endometrium showed a regression of the proliferative epithelium with the restoration of PTEN expression and the absence of the atypical features. In conclusion, febuxostat protected the endometrium against estrogen-induced EH and may be beneficial in the management along with the hormonal therapy.
Assuntos
Hiperplasia Endometrial/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapêutico , Febuxostat/uso terapêutico , PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinase/metabolismo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Xantina Oxidase/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Estradiol , Febuxostat/farmacologia , Feminino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Critical size bone defects are orthopedic defects that will not heal without intervention or that will not completely heal over the natural life time of the animal. Although bone generally has the ability to regenerate completely however, critical defects require some sort of scaffold to do so. In the current study we proposed a method to obtain a carbon nanofibrous/Hydroxyapatite (HA) bioactive scaffold. The carbon nanofibrous (CNF) nonwoven fabrics were obtained by the use of the electrospinning process of the polymeric solution of poly acrylonitrile "PAN" and subsequent stabilization and carbonization processes. The CNFs sheets were functionalized by both hydroxyapatite (HA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The HA was added to the electrospun solution, but in case of (BSA), it was adsorbed after the carbonization process. The changes in the properties taking place in the precursor sheets were investigated using the characterization methods (SEM, FT-IR, TGA and EDX). The prepared materials were tested for biocompatibility via subcutaneous implantation in New Zealand white rabbits. We successfully prepared biocompatible functionalized sheets, which have been modified with HA or HA and BSA. The sheets that were functionalized by both HA and BSA are more biocompatible with fewer inflammatory cells of (neutrophils and lymphocytes) than ones with only HA over the period of 3weeks.
Assuntos
Nanofibras , Animais , Materiais Biocompatíveis , Carbono , Durapatita , Coelhos , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Engenharia Tecidual , Alicerces TeciduaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We investigated the effect of a pern-operative opioid-free approach on postoperative patient comfort in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From September 2014 to July 2015, 66 female patients of the Belgian Oncology Institut Jules Bordet were recruited. They were randomized into two groups: the first group received anesthesia with opioids for their breast cancer surgery, and the second group received opioid-free anesthesia. Patient comfort was evaluated 24 hours postoperatively through the QoR-40 score, with a difference of 15 points considered as being clinically relevant. Postoperative analgesia was provided through a piritramide patient-controlled analgesia device, during the first 24 hours. The hypothesis of this study was that opioid-free anesthesia would improve quality of recovery after anesthesia. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference in postoperative QoR-40 score was observed between groups [Mean (SD) QoR-40 of 182.1/200 (13.9) in the opioid-free group, and 175.6/200 (14.80) in the opioid group; P = 0.04]. The clinical relevance of this finding is questionable, insofar as the difference of 15 points was not met. A statistically significant difference in postoperative piritramide usage was observed (8.1 (6.6) in the opioid-free group, and 13.1 (9.4) in the opioid group; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: This randomized controlled trial shows, for the first time, equal comfort during the immediate postoperative period in patients having received opioid-free and conventional anesthesia for their breast cancer surgery. Opioid-free anesthesia in this indication appears safe, and may be associated with slightly reduced pain during the first 24 postoperative hours.
Assuntos
Analgesia/métodos , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Conforto do Paciente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Analgesia Controlada pelo Paciente , Período de Recuperação da Anestesia , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dor Pós-Operatória/diagnóstico , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Pós-Operatória/epidemiologia , Pirinitramida/uso terapêutico , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
High-resolution airborne gamma ray spectrometry, conducted in 2003, was used to estimate radioactive elements spatial abundance along the Rosetta coastal zone area. It was noticed that both Uranium and Thorium are concentrated in the black sand deposits along the beach. In contrary, Potassium was observed in high level abundance at the cultivated Nile Delta lands due to the accumulated usage of fertilizers. Exposure Rate (ER), Absorbed Dose Rate (ADR) and Annual Effective Dose Rate (AEDR) were calculated to evaluate the radiation background influence in human. Results indicated that the human body in the study sites is subjected to radiation hazards exceeds the accepted limit for long duration exposure. In addition, the areas covered by the highest concentration of Uranium and Thorium show the highest level of radiogenic heat production. Detection the environmental hazards of the radioactive black sands in the study site encouraged this research to monitor the spatial and temporal distribution of these sediments. The Landsat Thematic Mapper images acquired in 1990, 2003 and 2013 were analyzed using remote sensing image processing techniques. Image enhancements, classification and changes detection indicated a positive significant relationship between the patterns of coastline changes and distribution of the radioactive black sand in the study sites. The radioactive black sands are usually concentrated in the eroded areas. Therefore, in 1990 high concentration of the radioactive black sands were observed along the eastern and western flanks of the Rosetta promontory. Distribution of these sediments decreased due to the construction of the protective sea walls. Most of the radioactive black sands are transported toward the east in Abu Khashaba bay under the effect of the longshore currents and toward the west in Alexandria and Abu Quir bay under the action of the seasonal reverse currents.
Assuntos
Praias , Exposição Ambiental , Sedimentos Geológicos/análise , Fenômenos Geológicos , Radioisótopos/análise , Egito , Humanos , Monitoramento de Radiação , Tecnologia de Sensoriamento Remoto , Espectrometria gamaRESUMO
Four successive oil discharges were observed during the last 2 years following the recording of the earthquake events. Oil slicks were clearly observed in the thermal band of the Enhanced Thematic Mapper images acquired during the discharge events. Lineaments were extracted from the ETM+ image data and SRTM (DEM). The seismic activity is conformable in time and spatially related to active major faults and structural lineaments. The concerned site was subjected to a numerous earthquakes with magnitudes ranging from 3 to 5.4 Mb. Aeromagnetic field data analyses indicated the existence of deep major faults crossing the Gebel El-Zeit and the Mellaha basins (oil reservoirs). The magnetic field survey showed major distinctive fault striking NE-SW at 7000 m depth. Occurrence of these faults at great depth enables the crude oil to migrate upward and appear at the surfaces as oil seeps onshore and as offshore slicks in the Gemsa-Hurghada coastal zone.
Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Poluição por Petróleo/análise , Petróleo/análise , Tecnologia de Sensoriamento Remoto/métodos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Egito , Poluição por Petróleo/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
We determined the seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus antibodies (HAV Ab) among 296 Egyptian children aged 2.5-18 years of different social classes to ascertain whether to give HAV vaccine early in life or to leave children to acquire natural immunity. Overall 61.4% were seropositive for HAV Ab. There was a significant increase in the seroprevalence of HAV Ab with higher age and lower social class; in children aged < 6 years, 72.7% of high and 19.0% of low social class were seronegative for HAV Ab. A national vaccination programme for HAV is not a priority. We recommend vaccination against hepatitis A for high social class children at the preschool period without testing for HAV. Vaccination for middle social class children can be done, but only after testing for HAV.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite A/sangue , Vírus da Hepatite A Humana/imunologia , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Hepatite A/imunologia , Adolescente , Distribuição por Idade , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Análise Custo-Benefício , Egito/epidemiologia , Feminino , Prioridades em Saúde , Hepatite A/sangue , Hepatite A/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Hepatite A/economia , Humanos , Imunidade Inata , Masculino , Avaliação das Necessidades , Vigilância da População , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Vacinação/economiaRESUMO
We determined the seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus antibodies [HAV Ab] among 296 Egyptian children aged 2.5-18 years of different social classes to ascertain whether to give HAV vaccine early in life or to leave children to acquire natural immunity. Overall 61.4% were seropositive for HAV Ab. There was a significant increase in the seroprevalence of HAV Ab with higher age and lower social class; in children aged < 6 years, 72.7% of high and 19.0% of low social class were seronegative for HAV Ab. A national vaccination programme for HAV is not a priority. We recommend vaccination against hepatitis A for high social class children at the preschool period without testing for HAV. Vaccination for middle social class children can be done, but only after testing for HAV
Assuntos
Prevalência , Distribuição por Idade , Vacinas contra Hepatite A , Classe Social , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite ARESUMO
Wound healing complications have been observed in patients receiving sirolimus (SLR). This study examined the degree and duration of delayed healing in various protocols using SLR. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a standard midline abdominal incision and wound closure. Groups of 6 rats each were randomized to receive different doses of SLR (2 and 5 mg/kg) with or without loading dose (10 mg/kg x3 days), and with or without steroids (20 mg/kg x3 days followed by 5 mg/kg for 2 weeks). Rats were humanely killed on postoperative days 5, 10, or 15. Wound breaking force was measured using the EHMI BIAX-II instrument and tensile strength was calculated. Wounds in control animals had gradual increase in tensile strength during the 15-day observation. In contrast, high and loading doses of SLR caused reduction in wound strength until day 10, but the wounds' tensile strength became equivalent to control by day 15. The addition of steroids prolonged wound recovery with low doses of SLR until day 15 and had very profound effects on healing in high-dose SLR-treated animals (>50% reduction) that continued beyond the 2 weeks of observation. Low doses of SLR in non-steroid-treated animals had a short-term (5-day) impact on wound healing; high dose and loading doses delayed healing for 10 to 15 days. The addition of steroids had a synergistic effect on delayed wound healing, particularly in animals receiving high-dose SLR, which demonstrated prolonged wound weakness. These results may provide practical guidelines for postoperative introduction of SLR in the context of various clinical protocols.
Assuntos
Traumatismos Abdominais/fisiopatologia , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Sirolimo/uso terapêutico , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Corticosteroides/farmacologia , Animais , Humanos , Imunossupressores/farmacologia , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Modelos Animais , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Sirolimo/farmacologia , Resistência à Tração , Cicatrização/fisiologiaRESUMO
One of the major hypothesized sources of uncertainties in air quality model inputs is the emission inventory. A probabilistic hourly NOx emission inventory for 32 units of nine coal-fired power plants in the Charlotte domain for the year 1995 was propagated through the Multiscale Air Quality Simulation Platform (MAQSIP). The inventory was developed using time series techniques. Time series for a 4-d episode were simulated and propagated through the air quality model 50 times in order to represent the ranges of uncertainty in hourly emissions and predicted ozone levels. Intra-unit autocorrelation in emissions and inter-unit dependence were accounted for. The range of uncertainty in predicted ozone was greater when inter-unit dependence was included as compared to when units were treated as statistically independent. Uncertainties in maximum ozone hourly or 8-h concentrations at a specific location could be attributed to a specific power plant based upon regression analysis. Out of 3969 grid cells in the modeling domain, there were 43 and 1654 grid cells with a probability greater than 0.9 of exceeding a 1-h 120 ppb standard and an 8-h 80 ppb standard, respectively. The time series of predicted ozone values had similar autocorrelation as compared to monitored data. The implications of these results for air quality management are addressed.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Modelos Teóricos , Óxidos de Nitrogênio/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental , Previsões , North Carolina , Oxidantes Fotoquímicos/análise , Ozônio/análise , Centrais Elétricas , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
During 1992-2001, 673 Down syndrome patients were referred to the Department of Human Genetics in Alexandria. Regular (free) trisomy 21 constituted 95.4% of cases; Robertsonian translocation 2.7%; and mosaicism 0.7%. In 8 cases, regular trisomy 21 was associated with structural or numerical chromosome anomalies. Translocation was parentally inherited for 33.3% of cases and maternal transmission was twice as common as paternal. Two translocated Down syndrome fetuses were diagnosed prenatally in a t(14;21) carrier mother. Mean maternal age was high in regular trisomy 21 (38.2 years) but not in translocation (25.3 years). There was an excess of males in all groups except the mosaic group where the male:female ratio was 0.67. Cytogenetic investigations assist in patient management and family counselling.
Assuntos
Citogenética , Síndrome de Down/epidemiologia , Síndrome de Down/genética , Adulto , Citogenética/métodos , Síndrome de Down/prevenção & controle , Egito/epidemiologia , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Aconselhamento Genético , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Cariotipagem , Masculino , Idade Materna , Epidemiologia Molecular , Mosaicismo/estatística & dados numéricos , Idade Paterna , Linhagem , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Translocação Genética/genéticaRESUMO
During 1992-2001, 673 Down syndrome patients were referred to the Department of Human Genetics in Alexandria. Regular [free] trisomy 21 constituted 95.4% of cases; Robertsonian translocation 2.7%; and mosaicism 0.7%. In 8 cases, regular trisomy 21 was associated with structural or numerical chromosome anomalies. Translocation was parentally inherited for 33.3% of cases and maternal transmission was twice as common as paternal. Two translocated Down syndrome fetuses were diagnosed prenatally in at [14;21] carrier mother. Mean maternal age was high in regular trisomy 21 [38.2 years] but not in translocation [25.3 years]. There was an excess of males in all groups except the mosaic group where the male:female ratio was 0.67. Cytogenetic investigations assist in patient management and family counselling
Assuntos
Epidemiologia Molecular , Frequência do Gene , Aconselhamento Genético , Hospitais Universitários , Recém-Nascido , Cariotipagem , Idade Materna , Mosaicismo , Encaminhamento e Consulta , CitogenéticaRESUMO
A study was conducted among out-patients attending the Melaka Tengah Health Clinic to determine their compliance status towards antihypertensive, antidiabetic and antiasthmatic drugs. A total of 585 patients were enrolled in this study. Assessment of compliance was carried out using pill-counting and house-to-house interviews 14 days from the date of medication dispensed at the counter. The noncompliance rate among the 464 successfully interviewed patients was 56%. The mean noncompliance percentage was 78.0 +/- 43.1% (range: -10.0-314.3%). Among the four variables of compliance studied, race was not seen as a determinant of compliance. The older age group and those taking two or more drugs were statistically significant to be a noncomplier. Females were highly likely not to comply with drug therapy. Patients who conform to their refill dates were not really drug compliers. Forgetting to take their drugs and inability to read instructions on drug labels were the main reasons given. Underdosing was more common than overdosing, with an estimated cost of RM20,261.00 of unused medications per year.
Assuntos
Tratamento Farmacológico , Cooperação do Paciente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Seventy-seven strains representing 10 species in the Paenibacillus polymyxa 16S rRNA group and 3 other species that exhibit phenetic relatedness to members of this group, Bacillus lautus, "Bacillus longisporus," and Bacillus peoriae, were characterized genotypically and phenotypically by performing an amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis, a randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, a fatty acid methyl ester analysis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell proteins, pyrolysis mass spectrometry, and API and other routine phenotypic tests. These analyses revealed distinct clusters representing Paenibacillus alvei, Paenibacillus amylolyticus, Paenibacillus azotofixans, Paenibacillus durum, Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae, Paenibacillus larvae subsp. pulvifaciens, B. lautus, Paenibacillus macerans, Paenibacillus macquariensis, B. peoriae, P. polymyxa, and Paenibacillus validus, which confirmed the distinctness of these species, but appreciable within-species heterogeneity was observed in P. alvei, B. lautus, P. macerans, P. polymyxa, and P. validus. The type strain of Paenibacillus pabuli did not cluster with other strains of this species, and in several analyses a relationship between strains of P. pabuli and "B. longisporus" was observed. As the analyses showed that B. lautus and B. peoriae are closely related to the genus Paenibacillus, these species are reclassified as members of this genus.
Assuntos
Bacillus/classificação , DNA Ribossômico/análise , Ácidos Graxos/análise , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genéticaRESUMO
A polyphasic study in which we performed an amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell proteins, a gas chromatographic analysis of methylated fatty acids, pyrolysis mass spectrometry, a random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, a phenotypic analysis, and an analysis of the levels of DNA binding of Paenibacillus gordonae and Paenibacillus validus strains (including both type strains) showed that these organisms form a homogeneous group and that the names P. gordonae and P. validus are therefore synonyms. P. validus has nomenclatural priority, and an emended description of this species is given; the type strain is strain LMG 11161 (= ATCC 43897).
Assuntos
Bacillus/classificação , Bacillus/química , Bacillus/genética , Sequência de Bases , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Dados de Sequência Molecular , RNA Ribossômico/químicaRESUMO
Hepatitis C and B viruses are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in Europe, Asia and Southern Africa. A study of hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus infection was carried out on 70 patients with HCC, from the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University. Sera from patients were tested for anti-HCV and HBsAg markers. Twenty patients (30%) were anti HCV positive alone, 15 (21.4%) were HBsAg positive alone, 28 (40%) were positive for both anti-HCV and HBsAg and the remaining 6 patients (8.6%) were negative for the two markers. The total positivity for anti-HCV and for HBsAg in these patients was 70% and 61.4% respectively. The comparable figures in a recent study on 90 blood donors from Egypt, were 24.4% for anti-HCV and 4.4% for HBSAg. These data suggest a possible link between HCV and HBV infection and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in Egypt, as has been found elsewhere in the world.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/etiologia , Hepatite B/complicações , Hepatite C/complicações , Neoplasias Hepáticas/etiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/imunologia , Egito/epidemiologia , Feminino , Hepacivirus/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/análise , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/análise , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/análise , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , alfa-Fetoproteínas/análiseRESUMO
In this study we assess the level and incidence of panel reactive antibodies which are the main cause of hyperacute rejection in renal transplant. The patients sera were tested against the lymphocytes of standard individuals. The lymphocyte panel had adequate representation of most of known antigens. 11 out of 20 patients (55%) gave positive standard panel test utilizing the microlymphocytotoxic assay. The positivity was recorded at 20 degrees C suggesting that those patients were sensitized. When the recipient sera were treated with Dithiothreitol (DTT) 2 cases showed false cytotoxic antibodies as shown in the negative panel obtained after the DTT treatment. The other nine positive cases showed true cytotoxic by not reacting with DTT. 80% of active CMV infections occurred concomitantly to acute rejection episodes and/or its treatment, suggest a chronologic, possibly causal link between rejection and CMV infection.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Especificidade de Anticorpos/imunologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/imunologia , Transplante de Rim/imunologia , Infecções Oportunistas/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Testes Imunológicos de Citotoxicidade , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Rejeição de Enxerto/diagnóstico , Humanos , Linfócitos/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Oportunistas/diagnósticoRESUMO
Diosgenin and its ring-F-hydroxylated derivatives isonarthogenin {spirost-5-ene-3,27-diol {3beta, 22 R, 25 S)} and isonuatigenin {spirost-5-ene-3,25-diol (3beta, 22 R, 25 S)}, together with the 22,25-epoxyfurost-5-ene isomer nuatigenin {furost-5-ene-3,26-diol-22,25-epoxy (3beta, 22 R, 25 S)}, were identified as the major steroidal sapogenins of the acid hydrolysate of an extract of leaves of TACCA LEONTOPETALOIDES by IR, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, and mass spectroscopy. A diosgenin ester was isolated which apparently arose by ring closure of a glycosylated furostene during hydrolysis.
RESUMO
The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between urolithiasis and pattern of fertility among women as indicated by the age at first pregnancy, the number of pregnancies and the use of contraceptive pills as well as to determine the lateralization of stone. The study was conducted on 250 female patients suffering from urinary stones and a similar number of control randomly selected from the same hospital. Data were obtained by an interviewing questionnaire. The study demonstrated that the mean number of pregnancies of cases is significantly higher than that of control (t = 3.5797). However, history of pregnancy, the age at first pregnancy and the duration of use of contraceptive pills are not significantly related to urolithiasis (X2 = 0.3415, 0.7688 and 1.5120 respectively). Right side stone are more encountered in cases with history of pregnancy than those who have never been pregnant.
Assuntos
Fertilidade , Cálculos Urinários/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticoncepcionais Orais/uso terapêutico , Egito/epidemiologia , Feminino , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Idade Materna , Paridade , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Cálculos Urinários/complicaçõesRESUMO
The 1985 Jordan Husbands' Fertility Survey (JHFS) was designed to assess husbands' attitudes and behavior toward fertility and family planning. The 1985 JHFS was a follow-up survey to obtain data from husbands of women who were currently married in the 1983 Jordan Fertility and Family Health Survey (JFFHS). The results from the 1985 JHFS point to the usefulness of collecting fertility and family planning information from husbands. These findings showed that nearly 40 percent of the husbands do not believe in practicing contraception, and more than 50 percent of the husbands report that family size should be "up to God." How program officials address these issues will be important for the future success of the family planning program in Jordan.
PIP: The 1985 Jordan Husband's Fertility Survey (JHFS) was established to analyze husband's attitudes to birth spacing, breastfeeding, and family planning; compare husband's attitudes to family planning to their wives' attitudes; and to analyze husband's contraceptive usage. The 1985 JHFS was a follow-up to the 1983 Jordan Fertility and Family Health Survey (JFFHS). Currently married women who were used in the 1983 JFFHS (women 15-49 who lived on the East Bank of the Jordan River) were used as the sampling base for the 1985 study. 2626 interviews were done in 1985. In 1983, Jordan's total fertility rate was 6.6 for a yearly growth rate of 3%. More than 50% of the husbands in 1985 said that family size was "up to God." This was especially so in rural areas, and among less educated husbands. Jordan had the shortest birth interval of any country studied in the World Fertility Survey (WFS). In the 1983 study, the birth interval was 27 months. More than 60% of the husbands believed a birth interval of 25 months was ideal. 29 months was the husband's average desired interval. Husbands favored prolonged breastfeeding, believing it should last for 21 months, twice the actual reported time. 5% of the husbands believed that breastfeeding should last "as long as possible." Higher social status husbands believed in a shorter breastfeeding period than lower status ones. Less educated husbands believed in longer breastfeeding duration than more educated ones. Knowledge of family planning methods in 1985 is compared with their wives' knowledge in 1983. For each method, wives knew more than husbands. The overall usage level by husbands in 2985 was 26.5%, almost identical with the wives in 1983. 49% of the husbands said that they "do not believe in practicing contraception." These husbands do not feel that they should discuss family planning with their wives. Family planning programs in Jordan should be aimed at husbands.