The prevalence of Peyronie's disease in diabetic patients -2018- Yazd.

INTRODUCTION: Peyronie's disease (PD) is the fibrous scar tissue inside the penis that causes curved and painful erections. PD is associated with, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and low testosterone. PD causes erectile dysfunction (ED). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of PD in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients in Yazd. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 317 patients with T2DM referred to the Diabetes Research Center of Yazd. Inclusion Criteria were: T2DM, ages 30-65 years old, having a medical record at the Yazd diabetes research center, willingness to participate in research. Exclusin criteria contain: history of smoking and using anti-depressive drugs. Data was analyzed using with SPSS-16 and Stata software. Descriptive tables and charts were used and statistical tests such as independent sample T-test and Fisher's exact test were used. RESULTS: A total number of 317 male patients were enrolled. The prevalence of diabetes microvascular complications were as following; neuropathy 36.30% (30.97-41.38), retinopathy 24.30% (19.67-29.39), nephropathy 20.50% (16.19-25.37), and PD 3.80% (1.97-6.51). CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the prevalence of PD in our study with the global studies. But there is a higher prevalence of PD in diabetic patients than the general population.

Correlation between drinking water fluoride and TSH hormone by ANNs and ANFIS.

BACKGROUND: Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and adaptive neural-fuzzy Inference system (ANFIS) are the best solutions to finding the correlation between some water parameters and human hormones. The correlation between thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and drinking water fluoride studied by ANNS and ANFIS models in Yazd city. METHOD: In this study, eighty people with thyroid gland disorder and 213 healthy people invited. Their thyroid hormones and fluoride drinking water analyzed. RESULTS: The result of ANFIS showed R2 = 0.81 for test and R2 = 0.85 for train in all cases and controls data. This results were R2 = 0.73 and R2 = 0.81 for ANNs respectively. CONCLUSION: This models can be used as an alternative for show correlation between Drinking Water Fluoride and TSH Hormone and R2 = 0.85 gained from ANFIS was the best.

Impact of Drinking Water Fluoride on Human Thyroid Hormones: A Case- Control Study.

The elevated fluoride from drinking water impacts on T3, T4 and TSH hormones. The aim was study impacts of drinking water fluoride on T3, T4 and TSH hormones inYGA (Yazd Greater Area). In this case- control study 198 cases and 213 controls were selected. Fluoride was determined by the SPADNS Colorimetric Method. T3, T4 and TSH hormones tested in the Yazd central laboratory by RIA (Radio Immuno Assay) method. The average amount of TSH and T3 hormones based on the levels of fluoride in two concentration levels 0-0.29 and 0.3-0.5 (mg/L) was statistically significant (P = 0.001 for controls and P = 0.001 for cases). In multivariate regression logistic analysis, independent variable associated with Hypothyroidism were: gender (odds ratio: 2.5, CI 95%: 1.6-3.9), family history of thyroid disease (odds ratio: 2.7, CI 95%: 1.6-4.6), exercise (odds ratio: 5.34, CI 95%: 3.2-9), Diabetes (odds ratio: 3.7, CI 95%: 1.7-8), Hypertension (odds ratio: 3.2, CI 95%: 1.3-8.2), water consumption (odds ratio: 4, CI 95%: 1.2-14). It was found that fluoride has impacts on TSH, T3 hormones even in the standard concentration of less than 0.5 mg/L. Application of standard household water purification devices was recommended for hypothyroidism.