On-line dialysis of organic acids from a Propionibacterium freudenreichii fermentation: evaluation of a new pH control strategy.

The efficiency of an ion exchange system coupled to a bioreactor to extract on-line inhibitory organic acids produced was evaluated. Batch fermentations without dialysis and fed-batch experiments with and without dialysis of Propionibacterium freudenreichii were conducted. It was possible to keep the propionic acid concentration in the reactor at a low level to avoid complete growth inhibition. Improvements in biomass and propionic acid productivities were achieved when the dialysis system was used. The performance of the dialysis system was improved when a new pH control strategy evaluated in this study was used.

[Behavior therapy technics in the treatment of endogenous eczema with special reference to compulsive scratching]. / Verhaltenstherapeutische Ansätze bei der Behandlung des endogenen Ekzems unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des zwanghaften Kratzens

An exact observation and description of scratching behavior leads to a behavioral model for the obsessional scratching in patients with atopic dermatitis. The patient who cannot handle negative emotions because of a deficit in social behavior strategies suffers from diffuse tension. He can reduce the tension for the moment by scratching. Thus itching is being reinforced. The feeling of misbehavior occurs with delay and then again can serve as a stimulus for more tension.--Basing on this model behavior therapeutical techniques for breaking up this vicious circle are discussed.