[A review of current research on ADHD in older adults]. / Åren går, ADHD består ­ äldre får sällan diagnos och behandling.

A recent meta-analysis reported a prevalence rate of 2.2% for older adults (> 50 years) with symptom levels indicating an ADHD diagnosis, but a rate of only 0.23% for the proportion with a clinical diagnosis. Thus, ADHD symptoms are relatively frequent among older adults, but few have a formal diagnosis. The few studies of older adults that exist suggest that ADHD in older adulthood is associated with the same cognitive deficits, comorbid disorders and impairments in daily life functioning (e.g. poor working memory, depression, psychosomatic comorbidity and poor quality of life) as found in younger adults with this disorder. Evidence based treatments for children and younger adults (pharmacotherapy, psychoeducation and group-based therapy) are most likely also effective treatment options for older adults, but research is lacking. In summary, increased knowledge is needed to allow access to diagnostic assessment and treatment for older adults with clinically significant ADHD symptom levels.

Cognitive profiles of extremely preterm children: Full-Scale IQ hides strengths and weaknesses.

AIM: To study whether a specific cognitive profile can be identified for children born extremely preterm (EPT) by investigating: 1) strengths and weaknesses not revealed by Full-Scale IQ, 2) overlap between different cognitive deficits and 3) proportion of EPT children with multiple deficits. METHODS: We analysed data from the 4th version of Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children in EPT children (n = 359) and matched controls (n = 367), collected within the 6.5-year follow-up of a population-based prospective cohort study. RESULTS: Extremely preterm children performed worse than controls on all measures. Group differences were the largest in Perceptual Reasoning (PRI) and Working Memory (WMI), but differences between indices were small. However, when conducting categorical analyses, deficits in PRI and/or WMI were not more common than other combinations. Many EPT children had no or mild cognitive deficits, although often in multiple domains. CONCLUSION: Extremely preterm children had greater weaknesses in working memory and perceptual abilities. However, detailed analyses of cognitive subscales showed large heterogeneity and provided no support for a specific cognitive profile. In conclusion, Full-Scale IQ scores hide strengths and weaknesses and individual profiles for EPT children need to be considered in order to provide appropriate support.