Etiologia e sensibilidade bacteriana da mastite subclínica em ovelhas da raça santa inês

Milk samples from 242 Santa Inês breed ewes tested for subclinical mastitis using California Mastitis Test (CMT) score 1+, 2+ and 3+ were cultured. The bacteriological tests were run in 5% sheep blood agar and MacConkey agar and the microorganism observed were identified using the gram method and taxonomy proves. Then the microorganisms were submitted to in vitro antibacterial susceptibility test. A total of 94 microorganisms were isolate in pure and in association culture distributed as followed: Staphylococcus sp(n=50; 53,1%), Streptococcus sp (n=18; 19,1%), Corynebacterium sp (n=11; 11,7%), Staphylococcus aureus(n=9; 9,6%), Proteus sp (n=3; 3,2%), Micrococcus sp (n=1; 1,1%), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (n=1; 1,1%) and Bacillus sp (n=1; 1,1%). The antibacterial susceptibility test showed among the agents isolated in highest frequency that florfenicol, gentamicin and cefalexin were the drugs of better effectiveness. KEY-WORDS: Ewe. Mastitis. Microorganisms. Antibiotics.

Examinaram-se 242 amostras de leite de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês com mastite subclínica, diagnosticada pelo teste California Mastitis Test (CMT), escore 1+, 2+ e 3+. Realizaram-se cultivos microbiológicos em meios de ágar-sangue ovino 5% e MacConkey, sendo que os microrganismos isolados foram identificados por esfregaços corados pelo método de Gram e provas taxonômicas. Em seguida, submetidos ao teste de sensibilidade bacteriana in vitro. Isolou-se um total de 94 microrganismos em cultura pura e em associação, distribuídos da seguinte maneira: Staphylococcus sp (n=50; 53,1%), Streptococcus sp (n=18; 19,1%), Corynebacterium sp (n=11; 11,7%), Staphylococcus aureus (n=9; 9,6%), Proteus sp (n=3; 3,2%), Micrococcus sp(n= 1; 1,1%), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (n=1; 1,1%) e Bacillus sp (n=1; 1,1%). No teste de sensibilidade in vitro aos antimicrobianos observou-se que Staphylococcus sp, Corynebacterium sp e Streptococcus sp foram os microrganismos isolados com maior freqüência, sendo o florfenicol, a gentamicina e a cefalexina as drogas de melhor eficácia.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ovelha. Mastite. Microrganismos. Antibióticos.

ETIOLOGIA E SENSIBILIDADE BACTERIANA DA MASTITE SUBCLÍNICA EM OVELHAS DA RAÇA SANTA INÊS.

Milk samples from 242 Santa Inês breed ewes tested for subclinical mastitis using California Mastitis Test (CMT) score 1+, 2+ and 3+ were cultured. The bacteriological tests were run in 5% sheep blood agar and MacConkey agar and the microorganism observed were identified using the gram method and taxonomy proves. Then the microorganisms were submitted to in vitro antibacterial susceptibility test. A total of 94 microorganisms were isolate in pure and in association culture distributed as followed: Staphylococcus sp(n=50; 53,1%), Streptococcus sp (n=18; 19,1%), Corynebacterium sp (n=11; 11,7%), Staphylococcus aureus(n=9; 9,6%), Proteus sp (n=3; 3,2%), Micrococcus sp (n=1; 1,1%), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (n=1; 1,1%) and Bacillus sp (n=1; 1,1%). The antibacterial susceptibility test showed among the agents isolated in highest frequency that florfenicol, gentamicin and cefalexin were the drugs of better effectiveness. KEY-WORDS: Ewe. Mastitis. Microorganisms. Antibiotics.

Examinaram-se 242 amostras de leite de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês com mastite subclínica, diagnosticada pelo teste California Mastitis Test (CMT), escore 1+, 2+ e 3+. Realizaram-se cultivos microbiológicos em meios de ágar-sangue ovino 5% e MacConkey, sendo que os microrganismos isolados foram identificados por esfregaços corados pelo método de Gram e provas taxonômicas. Em seguida, submetidos ao teste de sensibilidade bacteriana in vitro. Isolou-se um total de 94 microrganismos em cultura pura e em associação, distribuídos da seguinte maneira: Staphylococcus sp (n=50; 53,1%), Streptococcus sp (n=18; 19,1%), Corynebacterium sp (n=11; 11,7%), Staphylococcus aureus (n=9; 9,6%), Proteus sp (n=3; 3,2%), Micrococcus sp(n= 1; 1,1%), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (n=1; 1,1%) e Bacillus sp (n=1; 1,1%). No teste de sensibilidade in vitro aos antimicrobianos observou-se que Staphylococcus sp, Corynebacterium sp e Streptococcus sp foram os microrganismos isolados com maior freqüência, sendo o florfenicol, a gentamicina e a cefalexina as drogas de melhor eficácia.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ovelha. Mastite. Microrganismos. Antibióticos.

Vigilância epidemiológica da raiva na região de botucatu-sp: importância dos quirópteros na manutenção do vírus na natureza

A rabies epidemiological surveillance was performed in Botucatu and in its neighboring municipalities in São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil, from 1992 to 2000. The aim of this study was to assess the importance of bats as the vehicle of rabies virus in rural zones. We verified a low positive rate of irus isolation (0.2%) and a great diversity of bat species, with predominance of insectivorous bats. Pipes underneath highways presented the better refuge conditions. Controlling the Desmodus rotundus bat population is mandatory to avoid spreading rabies virus, therefore controlling rabies in animal populations and reducing the risk for human beings. KEY-WORDS: Epidemiology. Bats. Surveillance. Rabies. Zoonosis.

No período compreendido entre 1992 e 2000 realizaram-se atividades de vigilância epidemiológica, no município de Botucatu, SP, e limítrofes, principalmente na zona rural, avaliando o papel dos quirópteros na veiculação do vírus da raiva. Constatou-se baixa positividade para o seu isolamento (0,2%) e grande diversidade de espécies de morcegos, com predominância dos insetívoros. Os locais que ofereciam melhores condições de refúgio foram as tubulações sob rodovias (bueiros). Considera-se relevante o controle da população de Desmodus rotundus para se evitar a disseminação do vírus rábico, objetivando o controle da raiva em populações animais e redução de risco para a população humana.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Epidemiologia. Quirópteros. Vigilância. Raiva. Zoonoses.

VIGILÂNCIA EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DA RAIVA NA REGIÃO DE BOTUCATU-SP: IMPORTÂNCIA DOS QUIRÓPTEROS NA MANUTENÇÃO DO VÍRUS NA NATUREZA.

A rabies epidemiological surveillance was performed in Botucatu and in its neighboring municipalities in São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil, from 1992 to 2000. The aim of this study was to assess the importance of bats as the vehicle of rabies virus in rural zones. We verified a low positive rate of irus isolation (0.2%) and a great diversity of bat species, with predominance of insectivorous bats. Pipes underneath highways presented the better refuge conditions. Controlling the Desmodus rotundus bat population is mandatory to avoid spreading rabies virus, therefore controlling rabies in animal populations and reducing the risk for human beings. KEY-WORDS: Epidemiology. Bats. Surveillance. Rabies. Zoonosis.

No período compreendido entre 1992 e 2000 realizaram-se atividades de vigilância epidemiológica, no município de Botucatu, SP, e limítrofes, principalmente na zona rural, avaliando o papel dos quirópteros na veiculação do vírus da raiva. Constatou-se baixa positividade para o seu isolamento (0,2%) e grande diversidade de espécies de morcegos, com predominância dos insetívoros. Os locais que ofereciam melhores condições de refúgio foram as tubulações sob rodovias (bueiros). Considera-se relevante o controle da população de Desmodus rotundus para se evitar a disseminação do vírus rábico, objetivando o controle da raiva em populações animais e redução de risco para a população humana.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Epidemiologia. Quirópteros. Vigilância. Raiva. Zoonoses.

Trypanosomatids in dogs belonging to individuals with chronic Chagas disease living in Botucatu town and surrounding region, São Paulo State, Brazil

Among domestic animals, dogs are considered to be the major reservoirs of trypanosomatids and, due to their proximity to man, the presence of these parasites in dogs is an alert to actions aiming at triatomine control. Fifty dogs (26 males and 24 females), aged from 2 months to 15 years, belonging to 30 chronic Chagas disease individuals from 15 different municipalities in the western region of São Paulo State, Brazil, were subjected to blood collection for the following tests: artificial xenodiagnosis, blood culture, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Forty-three (86%) out of 50 dogs were positive to at least one of the tests performed; 34 (68%) were positive to xenodiagnosis, 30 (60%) to blood culture, and 25 (50%) to PCR for T. cruzi and/or T. rangeli. Although triatomines were not detected during the intra and peridomiciliary inspections in the dog owners residences, the results obtained demonstrate that there is a transmission cycle whereby triatomine vector may be participating in the infection epidemiological chain.

American visceral Leishmaniasis: a case report

Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by parasites of the Leishmania genus. Dog is the major source of infection to man, especially in urban areas. The authors report a case of visceral leishmaniasis in a pit bull female dog from Bocaina, São Paulo, Brazil. The animal presented clinical signs compatible with leishmaniasis, including skin lesions in the body and partial damage of the external ears. The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) demonstrated a titer of 1280, and promastigote forms of Leishmania sp were isolated by the culture of bone marrow puncture. Cytological analysis of the lymph node and smear of the bone marrow puncture revealed macrophages containing amastigote forms of Leishmania sp in their inner region. The test of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) utilized the primers LINR4 and LIN19, which amplify 720 base pairs, specific for Leishmania sp. The authors discuss the importance of techniques for a quick and precise diagnosis to this serious zoonosis with great impact in animal and public health.