RESUMO
Molecular studies were performed to establish the causes of the superior lovastatin productivity of a novel solid-state fermentation (SSF) process, in relation with liquid submerged fermentation (SmF; 20 mg/g vs. 0.65 mg/ml). In SSF, biosynthetic genes lovE and lovF transcripts accumulated to high levels from day 1 to day 7. In this period, lovE transcript showed 4.6-fold higher accumulation levels (transcription) than the highest level detected in SmF (day 5). lovF transcript showed two-fold higher expression than the highest point in SmF. In SmF, the expression was only detected clearly on day 5 and, showing a 50% decrease, on day 7. These results show that the higher lovastatin production in SSF is related to a more intense transcription of these biosynthetic genes. A strong expression of gldB gene in lovastatin SSF indicated that Aspergillus terreus senses osmotic stress during the course of SSF, but not in SmF. However, when a liquid medium of identical concentration was used in SmF, lovastatin production decreased in SSF.
Assuntos
Aspergillus/metabolismo , Fermentação , Regulação Fúngica da Expressão Gênica , Lovastatina/biossíntese , Aspergillus/genética , Genes Fúngicos , Microbiologia Industrial/métodos , Lovastatina/metabolismo , Transcrição GênicaRESUMO
We report a 58-year-old woman with classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who developed a membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). She had never been treated with gold or D-penicillamine; other connective tissue diseases as well as hepatitis B were excluded. We suggest that the responsible cause of MGN is RA.
Assuntos
Antirreumáticos , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Glomerulonefrite Membranosa/etiologia , Ouro , Penicilamina , Artrite Reumatoide/diagnóstico , Feminino , Glomerulonefrite Membranosa/diagnóstico , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
This study concerns seven patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis. The most common joint lesion involved the 2nd and 3rd metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) and the wrists. The most frequent sites of chondrocalcinosis were the knees, the hips and the triangular ligament of the wrist. The most common radiological sign is osteoporosis, but the most typical appearance is degenerative joint disease localized to the MCP (2nd and 3rd) and to the wrist. The authors observed an association with HLA A3-B7, but no cases of association with A3-B14. Only one patient had hypo-uricaemia. The authors compare this series with those of other authors.
