[Ultrasonic diagnosis in selecting the treatment method for varicocele]. / Ul'trazvukovaia diagnostika v vybore metoda lecheniia varikotsele.

The paper deals with ultrasound diagnosis as a modality able to recognize indications either to surgical or endovascular treatment of varicocele. Forty-two patients aged 12-28 with varicocele degree I-III were examined using sector ultrasonic transducers (3.5,5 MHz) which visualized renal and internal testicular veins. Relevant ultrasonic and phlebographic findings were compared. The impossibility to predict outcomes of the endovascular treatment is attributed to the absence of primary information on the structure of the renotesticular portion of varicocele patients' venous bed. Ultrasonography can provide such information. The detection rate of multiple internal testicular veins and other renotesticular anomalies appears rather high.

[The role of echography in the diagnosis of vesico-ureteral reflux in children]. / Rol' ékhografii v diagnostike puzyrno-mochetochnikovogo refliuksa u detei.

A study was made of alternative potentialities of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflex (VUR) in 137 children (228 kidneys) aged 16 days to 14 years. Routine scanning of the urinary tract was performed; the dynamics of dilatation of the renal pelvis was estimated depending on the degree of the urinary bladder filling and urination; contrast sonography was carried out. Complex ultrasonography was informative in 33% of cases with grade I VUR, in 79% of cases with grade II VUR, and in 100% of cases with grade III-V VUR. It is suggested that in accordance with the ultrasonography data, VUR can be distributed into three main groups.

[Ultrasonic scanning in chronic renal insufficiency]. / Ul'trazvukovoe skanirovanie pri khronicheskoi pochechnoi nedostatochnosti.

A total of 315 patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) were investigated in order to study the potentialities of ultrasound scanning in early diagnosis of obstructive nephropathy. The susceptibility of the test was 96%, specificity--94%. Due to its simplicity and noninvasiveness it can be recommended as a method of screening in renal obstruction irrespective of renal function. It provides an opportunity to rapidly identify groups of patients who need urgent surgical aid to restore urine passage or conservative therapy. In the absence of ultrasound signs of obstructive diseases further x-ray examination is inappropriate. The use of ultrasound scanning as the first diagnostic procedure simplifies and facilitates the examination of CRI patients, preventing undesirable complications, associated with radiocontrast methods of kidney visualization.