Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) Extension for Transhepatic Mesocaval Shunt Creation: A Case Series for Treating Refractory Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Chronic Portal Vein Thrombosis.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is known to benefit patients with decompensated liver disease by alleviating portal pressure. However, TIPS creation is technically difficult and challenging to perform in patients with chronic portal vein thrombosis (PVT) (4,5). Multiple endovascular techniques for portal vein recanalization with or without creating portosystemic shunt are available to decompress and alleviate portal hypertension in patients with PVT. In this case series, we represent TIPS extension to create an endovascular mesocaval shunt for the treatment of refractory upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Esophageal lung complicated by recurrent pneumonia.

A 6-month-old infant with recurrent respiratory infections, rapid breathing, and reduced air entry on the right side was diagnosed with congenital bronchopulmonary foregut malformation (CBPFM). Imaging revealed a collapsed and underdeveloped right lung, with the right bronchus appearing to originate from the lower part of the esophagus. An esophagogram confirmed the diagnosis by showing contrast flowing freely from the lower esophagus to the right bronchus.