[Molecular mechanisms of the cardiotoxic action of anthracycline antibiotics and statin-induced cytoprotective reactions of cardiomyocytes]. / Molekuliarnye mekhanizmy kardiotoksicheskogo deistviia antratsiklinovykh antibiotikov i statin-indutsirovannykh tsitoprotektornykh reaktsii kardiomiotsitov.

The manifestation of the side cardiotoxic effect of anthracycline antibiotics limits their use in the treatment of malignant processes in some patients. The review analyzes the main causes of the susceptibility of cardiomyocytes to the damaging effect of anthracyclines, primarily associated with an increase in the processes of free radical oxidation. Currently, research is widely carried out to find ways to reduce anthracycline cardiotoxicity, in particular, the use of cardioprotective agents in the complex treatment of tumors. Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) have been shown to improve the function and metabolism of the cardiovascular system under various pathological impacts, therefore, it is proposed to use them to reduce cardiotoxic complications of chemotherapy. Statins exhibit direct (hypolipidemic) and pleiotropic effects due to the blockade of mevalonic acid synthesis and downward biochemical cascades that determine their cardioprotective properties. The main point of intersection of the pharmacological activity of anthracyclines and statins is the ability of both to regulate the functioning of small GTPase from the Rho family, and their effect in this regard is the opposite. The influence of statins on the modification and membrane dislocation of Rho proteins mediates the indirect antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, endothelioprotective, antiapoptotic effect. The mechanism of statin inhibition of doxorubicin blockade of the DNA-topoisomerase complex, which may be important in preventing cardiotoxic damage during chemotherapy, is discussed. At the same time, it should be noted that the use of statins can be accompanied by adverse side effects: a provocation of increased insulin resistance and glucose tolerance, which often causes them to be canceled in patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism, so further studies are needed here. The review also analyzes data on the antitumor effect of statins, their ability to sensitize the tumor to treatment with cytostatic drug. It has been shown that the relationship between anthracycline antibiotics and statins is characterized not only by antagonism, but also in some cases by synergism. Despite some adverse effects, statins are one of the most promising cardio- and vasoprotectors for use in anthracycline cardiomyopathy.

Nanoporous Structure of Bone Matrix at Osteoporosis from Data of Atomic Force Microscopy and IR Spectroscopy.

It was found that in an osteoporotic bone the fraction of nanosized pores decreases, the mineral phase amorphizes, hydrated shells around mineralized particles of the bone matrix thicken, and adhesion forces increase. This contributes to the formation of water clusters similar to bulk water clusters compared to the healthy bone tissue and leads to the accumulation of more viscous liquid with increased intermolecular interaction forces in the pores of the bone matrix. Given this, the rates of chemical reactions proceeding in the water phase of ultrathin channels of general parts of collagen fibrils decrease. Ultimately, nanopores of collagen-apatite interfaces lose, to a certain extent, the capability of catalyzing the hydroxyapatite crystallization.

[Antitumor properties of a liposomal form of a differentiation factor HLDF fragment in cultured cells].

Cytotoxic properties of a liposomal form of the HLDF6 hexapeptide, representing an HL-60 cell differentiation factor fragment, have been studied on a murine primary lymphosarcoma cell culture. It is established that the liposomal HLDF6 peptide is capable of inhibiting proliferation and enhancing death of the cells of both LS and RLS lymphosarcoma strains distinguished by their sensitivity to cytostatic agents. The effect of the preparation is determined by its antiproliferative and apoptogenic actions on the cells. Free HLDF6 peptide showed a lower cytotoxic activity with respect to the tumor cells as compared to the liposomal preparation.

[Stimulation of the synthesis of C-reactive protein using pyrogenal in non-neoplastic diseases and cancer of the lungs]. / Stimuliatsiia sinteza C-reaktivnogo proteina pirogenalom pri nezlokachestvennykh zabolevaniiakh i rake legkikh.

Method of immunodiffusion titration of rabbit monospecific antiserum (The I. M. Mechnikov Central Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera of the USSR Ministry of Health) in agar was used to measure blood C-reactive protein (C-RP) level in patients with acute pneumonia (32), protracted pneumonia or activation of chronic non-specific lung pathology (101) and lung cancer (153) after a 3-4-week course of complex antiinflammatory treatment and a 10-14-day course of immunostimulation with pyrogenal (The N. F. Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology). A decrease in the incidence (from 81.2% to 14.2%) and level (from 1.4 +/- 0.3 to 0.3 +/- 0.03 mg%) of C-RP was observed in cases of non-tumor pathology whereas in patients with lung cancer those values rose in step with tumor progression (from 72.2% and 0.4 +/- 0.07 mg% at stage I to 96.3% and 1.2 +/- 0.12 mg% at stage IV). Treatment with pyrogenal allowed to identify C-RP in patients with false-negative reaction in all subgroups. Two-week dynamic C-RP curves characterizing non-tumor and tumor pathology of the lung were plotted.