[Clinical and immunological studies of the therapeutical effect of cytokines combined with 5-fluorouracil in metastatic kidney cancer]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskoe izuchenie lechebnogo vozdeistviia tsitokinov v sochetanii s 5-ftoruratsilom pri metastaziruiushchem rake pochki.

The authors present the results of a six-year clinicoimmunological study of a therapeutic effect of cytkins combined with 5-fluoruracyl in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. Two therapeutic regiments have been used: rhIFN-a + 5-FU and rhIL-2 + RHifn-A + 5-FU. In cytokin-sensitive patients, both therapy protocols vrs conventional therapeutic alternatives (cytostatics, hormones, irradiation) have been shown to increase the frequency of achievement of remission by objective scoring and life span of the patients. There was an improvement in patients on having received the complex with IL-2 but a higher therapeutic effect appeared to be accompanied by substantial side effects. Recommendatory measures well-targeted to those patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma who are to be placed on cytokinotherapy are presented together with immunological indices to monitor the treatments administered and prognosis.

Low-frequency scattering of acoustic waves by a bounded rough surface in a half-plane.

The problem of the scattering of harmonic plane waves by a rough half-plane is studied here. The surface roughness is finite. The slope of the irregularity is taken as arbitrary. Two boundary conditions are considered, those of Dirichlet and Neumann. An asymptotic solution is obtained, when the wavelength lambda of the incident wave is much larger than the characteristic length of the roughness iota, by means of the method of matched asymptotic expansions in terms of the small parameter epsilon= 2piiota/lambda. For the Dirichlet problem, the solution of the near and far fields is obtained up to O(epsilon2). The far field solution is given in terms of a coefficient that have a simple explicit expression, which also appears in the corresponding solution to the Neumann problem, already solved. Also the scattering cross section is given by simple formulas to O(epsilon3). It is noted that, for the Dirichlet problem, the leading term is of order epsilon3 which, by contrast, is different from that of the circular cylinder in full space, that is, of order epsilon(-1) (log epsilon)(-2). Some examples display the simplicity of the general results based on conformal mapping, which involve arcs of circle, polygonal lines, surface cracks and the like.