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1.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 40(4): 238-245, mayo 2016. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-153051

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To study the characteristics and outcomes of patients in the ICU with severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) over a 15-year surveillance period. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of episodes of SCAP, and assessed the epidemiology, etiology, treatment and outcomes of patients admitted to the ICU, comparing three periods (1999-2003, 2004-2008 and 2009-2013). RESULTS: A total of 458 patients were diagnosed with SCAP. The overall cumulative incidence was 37.4 episodes/1000 admissions, with a progressive increase over the three periods (P < 0.001). Patients fulfilling the two major IDSA/ATS criteria at admission increased from 64.2% in the first period to 82.5% in the last period (P = 0.005). Streptococcus pneumoniae was the prevalent pathogen. The incidence of bacteremia was 23.1%, and a progressive significant reduction in overall incidence was observed over the three periods (P = 0.02). Globally, 91% of the patients received appropriate empiric antibiotic treatment, increasing from 78.3% in the first period to 97.7% in the last period (P < 0.001). Combination antibiotic therapy (betalactam+macrolide or fluoroquinolone) increased significantly from the first period (61%) to the last period (81.3%) (P < 0.001). Global ICU mortality was 25.1%, and decreased over the three periods (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite a progressively higher incidence and severity of SCAP in our ICU, crude ICU mortality decreased by 18%. The increased use of combined antibiotic therapy and the decreasing rates of bacteremia were associated to improved patient prognosis


OBJETIVOS: Estudiar las características y el pronóstico de los pacientes con neumonía grave adquirida en la comunidad ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) durante un período de 15 años. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de una cohorte de pacientes con neumonía grave comunitaria en los que se analizó la evolución en la epidemiología, etiología, tratamiento y pronóstico durante un período de 15 años, comparando 3 períodos (1999-2003, 2004-2008 y 2009-2013). RESULTADOS: Un total de 458 pacientes fueron diagnosticados de neumonía. La incidencia media global durante el período estudiado fue de 37,4 episodios/1.000 ingresos, encontrándose un incremento progresivo durante los 3 períodos estudiados (p < 0,001). Los pacientes que cumplían con los 2 criterios mayores de neumonía grave de la ATS/IDSA aumentaron de un 64,2% en el primer período a un 82,5% en el último período (p = 0,005). Streptococcus pneumoniae fue el microorganismo más frecuente aislado. La incidencia de bacteriemia fue del 23,1%, encontrándose una reducción significativa y progresiva en la incidencia a lo largo de los 3 períodos (p = 0,02). El 91% de los pacientes recibió tratamiento antibiótico empírico apropiado, encontrándose un incremento entre el primer y el último período del 78,3% al 97,7% (p < 0,001). El tratamiento combinado (betalactámico+macrólido o quinolona) aumentó de un 61% en el primer período a un 81,3% en el último (p < 0,001). La mortalidad en la unidad de cuidados intensivos durante todo el período fue del 25,1%, encontrándose una disminución progresiva durante los 3 períodos (p=0,001). CONCLUSIONES: A pesar de un incremento progresivo en la incidencia y gravedad de las neumonías ingresadas en unidad de cuidados intensivos, la mortalidad se redujo en un 18%. El incremento en la utilización de tratamiento combinado y la disminución en la incidencia de bacteriemia se asociaron a una mejoría en el pronóstico


Assuntos
Humanos , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Avaliação de Resultado de Intervenções Terapêuticas , Avaliação de Resultados da Assistência ao Paciente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Respiração Artificial
2.
Med Intensiva ; 40(4): 238-45, 2016 May.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26391738

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To study the characteristics and outcomes of patients in the ICU with severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) over a 15-year surveillance period. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of episodes of SCAP, and assessed the epidemiology, etiology, treatment and outcomes of patients admitted to the ICU, comparing three periods (1999-2003, 2004-2008 and 2009-2013). RESULTS: A total of 458 patients were diagnosed with SCAP. The overall cumulative incidence was 37.4 episodes/1000 admissions, with a progressive increase over the three periods (P<0.001). Patients fulfilling the two major IDSA/ATS criteria at admission increased from 64.2% in the first period to 82.5% in the last period (P=0.005). Streptococcus pneumoniae was the prevalent pathogen. The incidence of bacteremia was 23.1%, and a progressive significant reduction in overall incidence was observed over the three periods (P=0.02). Globally, 91% of the patients received appropriate empiric antibiotic treatment, increasing from 78.3% in the first period to 97.7% in the last period (P<0.001). Combination antibiotic therapy (betalactam+macrolide or fluoroquinolone) increased significantly from the first period (61%) to the last period (81.3%) (P<0.001). Global ICU mortality was 25.1%, and decreased over the three periods (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite a progressively higher incidence and severity of SCAP in our ICU, crude ICU mortality decreased by 18%. The increased use of combined antibiotic therapy and the decreasing rates of bacteremia were associated to improved patient prognosis.


Assuntos
Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Estado Terminal/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/epidemiologia , Idoso , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Comorbidade , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências , Hospitais Universitários/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Incidência , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Morbidade/tendências , Pneumonia Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Espanha/epidemiologia
3.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 34(4): 237-245, mayo 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-80822

RESUMO

Objetivos: Conocer las características clínicas y microbiológicas así como los factores pronósticos de los pacientes con neumonía comunitaria grave (NCG) ingresados en una UCI. Evaluar la utilidad de los criterios de la Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) y la American Thoracic Society (ATS) para identificar a los pacientes con NCG que requieren ingreso en una UCI. Diseño: Análisis retrospectivo de un estudio prospectivo de cohortes durante un período de 7 años (2000-2007). Ámbito: Una UCI medicoquirúrgica de 16 camas. Pacientes: Todos los pacientes (147) con NCG ingresados en la UCI. Variables de interés principales: Características clínicas y microbiológicas así como los factores pronósticos de los pacientes. Concordancia entre los pacientes ingresados en la UCI y los criterios de NCG de la ATS/IDSA 2007 (grupo 1: uno o más criterios mayores, grupo 2: 3 o más criterios menores y grupo 3: sin ningún criterio). Intervenciones: Ninguna. Resultados: El motivo de ingreso en la UCI fue en un 60,5% por insuficiencia respiratoria aguda y en un 28,5% por inestabilidad hemodinámica. El diagnóstico etiológico se alcanzó en el 71,4%, y Streptococcus pneumoniae fue el más frecuente. El tiempo medio de inicio del tratamiento antibiótico fue de 4,3±4,2h; fue adecuado en un 97,1%. La mortalidad global en la UCI fue del 32%. Los factores asociados con mayor mortalidad fueron insuficiencia renal aguda (OR: 4,7), necesidad de ventilación mecánica (OR: 3,4), etiología no filiada (OR: 4,2) y etiología no neumocócica (OR: 3,5). El 68% de los pacientes cumplía criterios del grupo 1 y el 21% cumplía criterios del grupo 2 de la clasificación según los criterios de la ATS/IDSA. Conclusiones: A pesar de un inicio precoz del tratamiento antibiótico, la mortalidad de la NCG sigue siendo considerable, especialmente en aquellos pacientes con neumonía no neumocócica y que precisan ventilación mecánica. Los nuevos criterios de la IDSA/ATS identifican casi al 90% de los casos que requieren ingreso en la UCI (AU)


Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). To evaluate new ATS/IDSA criteria to identify patients with CAP who required admission to ICU. Design: Retrospective analysis of prospective collected data in a 7-year period (2000-2007). Setting: Medical-surgical ICU with 16 beds. Patients: All patients with severe CAP admitted to the ICU (n=147). Primary endpoints: Clinical and microbiological characteristics. Prognostic factors. Comparison of patients admitted in the ICU and ATS/IDSA criteria (group 1: >1 major criterion, group 2: >3 minor criteria and group 3: no criterion). Intervention: None. Results: Admission to the ICU is required for patients with acute respiratory failure (60.5%) and with septic shock (28.5%). A total of 71.4%, had an identifiable microbial etiology, S. pneumoniae being the most frequently isolated. Mean time to antibiotic therapy was 4.3±4.2h, this being adequate in 97.1%. ICU global mortality rate was 32%. Prognostic factors associated with higher mortality were acute renal failure (OR:4.7), mechanical ventilation (OR:3.4), non-identifiable etiology (OR:4.2) and non-S. pneumonia etiology (OR:3.5). Sixty-eight percent of the patients were included in the first group of the ATS/IDSA criteria and 21% in the second group. Conclusions: CAP mortality is still high despite early antibiotic therapy, especially in those patients with a non-S. pneumonia etiology or who require mechanical ventilation. Almost 90% of the ICU admissions were identified by the new criteria from ATS/IDSA (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Admissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Pneumonia Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de Tempo
4.
Med Intensiva ; 34(4): 237-45, 2010 May.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20116135

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). To evaluate new ATS/IDSA criteria to identify patients with CAP who required admission to ICU. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of prospective collected data in a 7-year period (2000-2007). SETTING: Medical-surgical ICU with 16 beds. PATIENTS: All patients with severe CAP admitted to the ICU (n=147). PRIMARY ENDPOINTS: Clinical and microbiological characteristics. Prognostic factors. Comparison of patients admitted in the ICU and ATS/IDSA criteria (group 1: > or = 1 major criterion, group 2: > or = 3 minor criteria and group 3: no criterion). INTERVENTION: None. RESULTS: Admission to the ICU is required for patients with acute respiratory failure (60.5%) and with septic shock (28.5%). A total of 71.4%, had an identifiable microbial etiology, S. pneumoniae being the most frequently isolated. Mean time to antibiotic therapy was 4.3+/-4.2h, this being adequate in 97.1%. ICU global mortality rate was 32%. Prognostic factors associated with higher mortality were acute renal failure (OR:4.7), mechanical ventilation (OR:3.4), non-identifiable etiology (OR:4.2) and non-S. pneumonia etiology (OR:3.5). Sixty-eight percent of the patients were included in the first group of the ATS/IDSA criteria and 21% in the second group. CONCLUSIONS: CAP mortality is still high despite early antibiotic therapy, especially in those patients with a non-S. pneumonia etiology or who require mechanical ventilation. Almost 90% of the ICU admissions were identified by the new criteria from ATS/IDSA.


Assuntos
Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Admissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Pneumonia Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de Tempo
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