Secuestro pulmonar en varón joven con episodio de hemoptisis / Pulmonary sequestration in a young man with hemoptisis episode

Se describe el caso de un paciente de 37 años, que a raíz de un episodio de hemoptisis diagnosticamos un secuestro pulmonar, malformación congénita infrecuente del pulmón, diagnosticada principalmente durante los primeros años de vida. Habitualmente cursa de manera asintomática, pudiendo debutar de manera puntual en forma de hemoptisis en la edad adulta (AU)

We describe a case of a 37-year-old patient who, as a result of an episode of hemoptisis, we find out a lung malformation, a rare cause of adult hemoptisis. Pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital malformation of the lung, diagnosed mainly during the early years of life and childhood, which usually takes place asymptomatically, but which can start on time in the form of hemoptisis in adulthood (AU)

Validación de un nuevo modelo de simulación inorgánica para la anastomosis uretrovesical laparoscópica / Validation of a new artificial model for simulated training of a laparoscopic vesicourethral anastomosis

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es demostrar la validez de un modelo inorgánico de bajo coste para el aprendizaje y entrenamiento de la anastomosis uretrovesical laparoscópica. Materiales y métodos: En este estudio participaron alumnos que asistieron a alguna de las ediciones de los cursos monográficos sobre prostatectomía radical laparoscópica (PRL) celebrados durante el periodo de 2015 a 2017. Estos participantes se dividieron en 2 grupos de acuerdo con su experiencia previa en cirugía laparoscópica (CL). Las tareas que realizaron sobre el simulador inorgánico fueron la resección de la próstata, "tarea 1" y la anastomosis uretrovesical, "tarea 2". Una vez realizados estos ejercicios, los participantes del estudio completaron un cuestionario anónimo donde se recogieron sus datos demográficos y su nivel de experiencia en CL. Además, los asistentes realizaron una valoración de la capacidad didáctica del órgano sintético empleado, evaluando su utilidad como herramienta para la formación específica de PRL. Para demostrar la validación aparente y de contenidos los participantes mostraron su opinión acerca de la textura, la consistencia, la morfología y la similitud del órgano con el paciente real. La valoración se realizó según una escala de Likert de 5 puntos. Resultados: Los alumnos se distribuyeron en 2 grupos: 10 expertos (grupo E) y 12 noveles (grupo N). La única diferencia significativa entre las puntuación de noveles y de expertos fue respecto a la inclusión de esta herramienta en los programas de formación (grupo E = 5 puntos frente al grupo N = 4,4 ± 0,59, p = 0,024). Los expertos calificaron todas las cuestiones con mayores puntaciones que los noveles. En cuanto a la valoración general del modelo inorgánico, los participantes noveles dieron una calificación media de 8,00±0,91 puntos sobre 10, siendo superada por la valoración de los participantes del grupo de expertos, que dieron una puntuación media de 9,4 ± 0,51. Conclusión: Este modelo inorgánico ha demostrado poseer validez aparente, de contenidos y constructiva, además de ser una herramienta didáctica ideal para el aprendizaje y el entrenamiento de la resección prostática y de la anastomosis uretrovesical laparoscópica

Objective: The aim of this study is to prove the effectiveness of a low cost, artificial model for training of a laparoscopic urethrovesical anastomosis. Materials and methods: This study included urologists who attended specialised courses on laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) held during the period 2015 to 2017. They were divided into 2 groups according to their previous experience in laparoscopic surgery. The tasks performed on the artificial simulator were prostate resection, "task 1", and urethrovesical anastomosis, "task 2". Once these exercises were completed, the study participants filled in an anonymous questionnaire regarding their demographic data and experience level in laparoscopic surgery (LS). In addition, they gave their opinions about the didactic capacity of the artificial organ and evaluated its usefulness as a tool for LRP training. To demonstrate face and content validity, the participants judged the texture, consistency, morphology and evaluated its similarity to the real organ. The assessment was made with a five-point Likert scale. Results: The students were divided into 2 groups: 10 experts (Group E) and 12 novices (Group N). The only significant difference between the scores of novices and experts was regarding the inclusion of this tool in the training programs (Group E = 5 points versus group N = 4.4 ± 0.59, P = .024). The experts' group rated all the items with higher scores than the novices’ one. Regarding the general assessment of the simulation model, the novice participants gave an average score of 8.00 ± 0.91 points out of 10, while the experts’ group granted higher scores of 9.4 ± 0,51. Conclusion: This artificial model has shown to have an elevated face, content and construct validity, as well being an optimal didactic tool for training in the techniques of prostate resection and laparoscopic urethrovesical anastomosis

Validation of a new artificial model for simulated training of a laparoscopic vesicourethral anastomosis. / Validación de un nuevo modelo de simulación inorgánica para la anastomosis uretrovesical laparoscópica.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to prove the effectiveness of a low cost, artificial model for training of a laparoscopic urethrovesical anastomosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included urologists who attended specialised courses on laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) held during the period 2015 to 2017. They were divided into 2 groups according to their previous experience in laparoscopic surgery. The tasks performed on the artificial simulator were prostate resection, "task 1", and urethrovesical anastomosis, "task 2". Once these exercises were completed, the study participants filled in an anonymous questionnaire regarding their demographic data and experience level in laparoscopic surgery (LS). In addition, they gave their opinions about the didactic capacity of the artificial organ and evaluated its usefulness as a tool for LRP training. To demonstrate face and content validity, the participants judged the texture, consistency, morphology and evaluated its similarity to the real organ. The assessment was made with a five-point Likert scale. RESULTS: The students were divided into 2groups: 10 experts (Group E) and 12 novices (Group N). The only significant difference between the scores of novices and experts was regarding the inclusion of this tool in the training programs (Group E=5 points versus group N=4.4±0.59, P=.024). The experts' group rated all the items with higher scores than the novices' one. Regarding the general assessment of the simulation model, the novice participants gave an average score of 8.00±0.91 points out of 10, while the experts' group granted higher scores of 9.4±0,51. CONCLUSION: This artificial model has shown to have an elevated face, content and construct validity, as well being an optimal didactic tool for training in the techniques of prostate resection and laparoscopic urethrovesical anastomosis.

Validación inicial de un programa de formación enfocado a la nefrectomía radical laparoscópica / Initial validation of a training program focused on laparoscopic radical nephrectomy

Objetivo: Evaluar un modelo de formación enfocado a la nefrectomía laparoscópica. Material y métodos: Participaron en el estudio 16 residentes, quienes realizaron un programa formativo con una sesión teórica (1 h) y práctica en simulador (7 h) y modelo animal (13 h). La primera y última nefrectomía experimental fue evaluada mediante el tiempo y la escala global Objective and Structured Assessment of Technical Skills(OSATS). Antes y después del curso realizaron 3 ejercicios en el simulador de realidad virtual LAPMentor: 1) coordinación ojo-mano; 2) coordinación mano-mano; y 3) transferencia de objetos, registrando las métricas de tiempo y movimiento. Todos los participantes rellenaron un cuestionario sobre los componentes formativos en una escala del 1 al 5. Resultados: Los participantes realizaron la última nefrectomía más rápido (p < 0,001) y con mayor puntuación OSATS (p < 0,001). Después del curso realizaron los ejercicios en LAPMentor más rápido (p < 0,05). El número de movimientos disminuyó en todos los ejercicios: 1) p < 0,001; 2) p < 0,05; y 3) p < 0,05, y la distancia recorrida en los ejercicios 1 (p < 0,05) y 2 (p < 0,05). La velocidad de movimientos aumentó en los ejercicios 2 (p < 0,001) y 3 (p < 0,001). En el cuestionario las preguntas con la mayor puntuación fueron la utilidad del entrenamiento en animal y la necesidad del mismo antes de la práctica de laparoscopia clínica (4,92 ± 0,28). Conclusiones: La combinación de simulación física y entrenamiento en animal constituye un modelo de formación efectivo para la mejora de habilidades básicas y avanzadas para la nefrectomía laparoscópica. El componente preferido por los residentes fue el modelo animal

Objective: To assess a training model focused on laparoscopic nephrectomy. Material and methods: 16 residents participated in the study, who attended a training program with a theoretical session (1 hour) and a dry (7 hours) and a wet lab (13 hours). During animal training, the first and last nephrectomies were assessed through the completion time and the global rating scale "Objective and Structured Assessment of Technical Skills" (OSATS). Before and after the course, they performed 3 tasks on the virtual reality simulator LAPMentor (1) eye-hand coordination; 2) hand-hand coordination; and 3) transference of objects), registering time and movement metrics. All participants completed a questionnaire related to the training components on a 5-point rating scale. Results: The participants performed the last nephrectomy faster (P < .001) and with higher OSATS scores (P < .001). After the course, they completed the LAPMentor tasks faster (P < .05). The number of movements decreased in all tasks (1) P < .001, 2) P < .05, and 3) P < .05), and the path length in tasks 1 (P < .05) and 2 (P < .05). The movement speeds increased in tasks 2 (P < .001) and 3 (P < .001). With regards to the questionnaire, the usefulness of the animal training and the necessity of training on them prior to their laparoscopic clinical practice were the questions with the highest score (4.92 ± .28). Conclusions: The combination of physical simulation and animal training constitute an effective training model for improving basic and advanced skills for laparoscopic nephrectomy. The component preferred by the urology residents was the animal training

Initial validation of a training program focused on laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. / Validación inicial de un programa de formación enfocado a la nefrectomía radical laparoscópica.

OBJECTIVE: To assess a training model focused on laparoscopic nephrectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 16 residents participated in the study, who attended a training program with a theoretical session (1hour) and a dry (7hours) and a wet lab (13hours). During animal training, the first and last nephrectomies were assessed through the completion time and the global rating scale "Objective and Structured Assessment of Technical Skills" (OSATS). Before and after the course, they performed 3 tasks on the virtual reality simulator LAPMentor (1) eye-hand coordination; 2) hand-hand coordination; and 3) transference of objects), registering time and movement metrics. All participants completed a questionnaire related to the training components on a 5-point rating scale. RESULTS: The participants performed the last nephrectomy faster (P<.001) and with higher OSATS scores (P<.001). After the course, they completed the LAPMentor tasks faster (P<.05). The number of movements decreased in all tasks (1) P<.001, 2) P<.05, and 3) P<.05), and the path length in tasks 1 (P<.05) and 2 (P<.05). The movement speeds increased in tasks 2 (P<.001) and 3 (P<.001). With regards to the questionnaire, the usefulness of the animal training and the necessity of training on them prior to their laparoscopic clinical practice were the questions with the highest score (4.92±.28). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of physical simulation and animal training constitute an effective training model for improving basic and advanced skills for laparoscopic nephrectomy. The component preferred by the urology residents was the animal training.

Carcinoma de conducto de Stenon o Stensen / Stenon's or Stensen's duct carcinoma

El conducto de Stenon es un lugar de raro asiento de carcinomas, y así, sólo se han referenciado 28 casos en la literatura desde que en 1927 se publicó el primero. De todos los publicados, solamente dos corresponden a carcinoma adenoide quístico como el caso que presentamos. Se trata de un varón de 83 años con tumoración poco dolorosa en mucosa yugal izquierda; el tumor fue extirpado, sin lesión facial mediante una incisión ampliada de parotidectomía y previa lobectomía superficial (AU)

Carcinomas arising from the Stensen's duct are extremely rare, and only 28 cases have been reported since 1927. Only two cases of the whole were adenoid cystic carcinoma like our case. A 83-year-old man with painless tumour of the left cheek is reported. The tumour was removed without facial nerve injury via extended parotidectomy incision and after superficial lobectomy (AU)

[Stenon's or Stensen's duct carcinoma]. / Carcinoma de conducto de Stenon o Stensen.

Carcinomas arising from the Stensen's duct are extremely rare, and only 28 cases have been reported since 1927. Only two cases of the whole were adenoid cystic carcinoma like our case. A 83-year-old man with painless tumour of the left cheek is reported. The tumour was removed without facial nerve injury via extended parotidectomy incision and after superficial lobectomy.

Heteroplasia ósea progresiva. Una causa de osificación ectópica recién identificada / Progressive osseous heteroplasia. A recently-identified cause of "ectopic ossification"

No disponible

[Adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. On low-grade adenocarcinoma]. / Adenocarcinoma de fosas nasales y senos paranasales. A propósito de un adenocarcinoma de "bajo grado".

The AA. having had the opportunity to diagnose and treat one of those cases, of low degree, sitting in the nasal cavity, discuss about its classification either in the nose or in the sinuses. Their opinion is coincidental with that of other reporters regarding to the complexity and varieties of a grouping system. They propose an other one, not original at all, but having perhaps the advantage that could make easier the comprehension and the clinical orientation when dealing with these growths.

[Lateral pharyngeal phlegmon following nasotracheal intubation]. / Flemón laterofaríngeo postintubación nasotraqueal.

We present a case of lateropharyngeal abscess, which was caused by the undermucous dissection of the lateral wall of the nasopharynx in the moment to make a nasotracheal intubation in a patient with long-term intubation. In the International Literature none other case of this complication have previously been reported and we things that is suitable his publication and the revision of this anesthetic method and their repercussions in the field ORL.

[Deep lobe parotid tumors]. / Tumores del lóbulo profundo de la parótida.

Tumours of the deep lobe, the section of the parotid located within the plane of the facial nerve, are not very frequent. Their diagnosis is difficult and seldom early, and their treatment involves complex technical problems. They evolve in one of two forms: as a tumour of the parapharyngeal space, or as a "dumb-bell" tumour with protrusion in the preauricular zone. Typical cases of both topographical possibilities are presented in this paper.

[Multiple primary tumors in head and neck oncology]. / Tumores primarios múltiples en oncología de cabeza y cuello.

After establishing the conditions for considering tumours to be of the second primary type, these are classified into groups based on the chronological relation among the different lesions. According to placement, we differentiate some specific locations, which confer special characteristics to each case. The case histories of a series of patients, suffering from multiple primary tumours, are presented, covering each of the categories of the preceding classifications by typical clinical cases. Finally, a discussion is undertaken of the conceptual, diagnostic and therapeutic peculiarities which make these patients all too often difficult to interpret.