Traducción y adaptación española de la batería neuropsicológica Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) forma A en una muestra piloto / Spanish translation and adaptation of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) Form A in a pilot sample

Introducción: La RBANS es una batería neuropsicológica breve que se ha mostrado sensible para la detección de trastorno cognitivo en patología degenerativa y no degenerativa. Ha sido traducida y adaptada a diversas lenguas y es ampliamente utilizada en otros países, pero no se ha publicado ninguna versión española. El objetivo es realizar una traducción válida al español de la RBANS y obtener una versión adaptada a la población española. Pacientes y métodos: Participaron 73 sujetos, 25 hombres, con una edad media de 54 años y escolaridad de 9,72, y 48 mujeres, con edad media de 53 y escolaridad 10,29. Se realizó una traducción mediante el método traducción-retrotraducción (con matices) y posteriormente se realizó un estudio descriptivo piloto en una muestra de población normal. Resultados: En la traducción y la adaptación de la batería neuropsicológica RBANS forma A (1998) se obtuvo un coeficiente de fiabilidad global con una alfa de Cronbach de 0,73. Se obtuvieron correlaciones positivas, estadísticamente significativas entre los índices. Conclusiones: La versión traducida y adaptada al castellano se comporta de forma similar a la versión original (AU)

Introduction: RBANS is a short neuropsychological battery which has shown to be sensitive in detecting cognitive impairment in degenerative and non-degenerative diseases. It has been translated and adapted to different languages and is widely used in other countries, but no Spanish version has been published. The objective was to make a valid translation of the RBANS to Spanish, and obtain a version adapted to the Spanish population. Patients and methods: The study included 73 subjects: 25 males with a mean age of 54 years and 9.72 years of education, and 48 females with a mean age of 53 years and 10.29 years of education. The battery was translated using the translation-back-translation method (with slight differences), followed by a descriptive pilot study in a sample of the normal population. Results: An overall reliability coefficient with a Cronbach alpha of 0.73 was obtained in the translation and adaptation of the RBANS, Form A (1998). Statistically significant positive correlations between the indices were obtained. Conclusions: The version translated and adapted to Spanish performs similarly to the original version (AU)

Spanish translation and adaptation of the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS) Form A in a pilot sample.

INTRODUCTION: RBANS is a short neuropsychological battery which has shown to be sensitive in detecting cognitive impairment in degenerative and non-degenerative diseases. It has been translated and adapted to different languages and is widely used in other countries, but no Spanish version has been published. The objective was to make a valid translation of the RBANS to Spanish, and obtain a version adapted to the Spanish population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 73 subjects: 25 males with a mean age of 54 years and 9.72 years of education, and 48 females with a mean age of 53 years and 10.29 years of education. The battery was translated using the translation-back-translation method (with slight differences), followed by a descriptive pilot study in a sample of the normal population. RESULTS: An overall reliability coefficient with a Cronbach alpha of 0.73 was obtained in the translation and adaptation of the RBANS, Form A (1998). Statistically significant positive correlations between the indices were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: The version translated and adapted to Spanish performs similarly to the original version.

Valoración de la capacidad de conducción de vehículos en pacientes con diagnóstico de deterioro cognitivo leve y demencia / Evaluation of the capacity to drive in patients diagnosed of mild cognitive impairment and dementia

Introducción. El deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) y la demenciaconllevan cambios cognitivos que pueden influir enla conducción de vehículos.Objetivos. a) Estudiar la idoneidad de los tests utilizadosen la renovación de la licencia de conducir; b) estudiar la capacidadde conducción de los pacientes con DCL según lostests: ASDE Driver-Test y Useful Field of View (UFOV); c) estudiarla capacidad de conducción de los pacientes con demencialeve (DL) según los tests ASDE y UFOV; d) determinar quétests neuropsicológicos son adecuados para tomar la decisiónsobre la capacidad de conducción en DCL y DL; e) estudiar lasdiferencias en la evaluación de los diferentes tests neuropsicológicosentre los pacientes aptos para conducir y los que no encada uno de los subgrupos de DCL, y f) establecer la correlaciónentre los tests neuropsicológicos y los tests utilizados enla renovación de la licencia de conducir.Método. Se incluyeron 184 sujetos: 92 DCL, 55 DL y40 controles. La evaluación cognitiva se realizó medianteRepeatable Battery Assessment for NeuropsychologicalStatus (RBANS), Trail Making Test (TMT) y cubos de Kohs. Lacapacidad de conducción se evaluó mediante ASDE y testUFOV.Resultados. Se establecieron los puntos de corte paraASDE y UFOV. La sensibilidad y especificidad para el grupo deDL en el test ASDE fue del 86 y 95%, respectivamente, en elsubtest atención concentrada y resistencia a la monotonía; eltest UFOV mostró una sensibilidad del 88% y una especificidaddel 81%. En DCL ambos tests mostraron una sensibilidady especificidad inferior al 70 %. Según los resultados de lostests el 50% de los DCL pueden conducir y muestran diferentesperfiles en función del subtipo de DCL. Los tests neuropsicológicosque mostraron mejores correlaciones fueron: cubosde Kohs, memoria inmediata, memoria demorada y TMT-A (AU)

Introduction. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia involve cognitive changes that may influence driving capacity. Objectives. a) To study if the tests used for renewing the driver’s licence are appropriate; b) to study the MCI patient’s driving capacity according to ASDE Driver-Test and Useful Field of View (UFOV) test; c) to study mild dementia (MD) patient’s driving capacity according to ASDE and UFOV tests; d) to determine which neuropsychological tests may be useful to make decisions on driving capacity in MCI and MD; e) to study the difference in the evaluation of each neuropsychological test bet-ween patients who are able to drive and those who are not, in each MCI subgroups, and f) we will establish the correlation between the neuropsychological tests and driving tests used for licence renewal. Method. A total of 184 people were included: 92 MCI, 55 MD and 40 healthy controls. Cognitive functioning was evaluated by Repeatable Battery Assessment for NeuropsychologicalStatus (RBANS), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Kohs’ Block Design. Driving capacity was assessed by ASDEand UFOV test. Results. We established the cut-off points for ASDE and UFOV tests. Sensitivity and specificity for the MD on the ASDE test was 86% and 95%, respectively for concentratedattention and monotony resistance subtest. The UFOV test sensitivity was 88%, specificity 81%. ForMCI, both tests showed a sensitivity and specificity lower than 70 %. According to the performance on the testonly a half of the MCI group could drive. They showed different driving profiles according to MCI subtype. Neuropsychologicaltests showing the best correlations withperformance on driving test were: Kohs’ Block Design,Immediate Memory, Delayed Memory and TMT-A (AU)

[Evaluation of the capacity to drive in patients diagnosed of mild cognitive impairment and dementia]. / Valoración de la capacidad de conducción de vehículos en pacientes con diagnóstico de deterioro cognitivo leve y demencia.

INTRODUCTION: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia involve cognitive changes that may influence driving capacity. OBJECTIVES: a) To study if the tests used for renewing the driver's licence are appropriate; b) to study the MCI patient's driving capacity according to ASDE Driver-Test and Useful Field of View (UFOV) test; c) to study mild dementia (MD) patient's driving capacity according to ASDE and UFOV tests; d) to determine which neuropsychological tests may be useful to make decisions on driving capacity in MCI and MD; e) to study the difference in the evaluation of each neuropsychological test between patients who are able to drive and those who are not, in each MCI subgroups, and f) we will establish the correlation between the neuropsychological tests and driving tests used for licence renewal. METHOD: A total of 184 people were included: 92 MCI, 55 MD and 40 healthy controls. Cognitive functioning was evaluated by Repeatable Battery Assessment for Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Kohs' Block Design. Driving capacity was assessed by ASDE and UFOV test. RESULTS: We established the cut-off points for ASDE and UFOV tests. Sensitivity and specificity for the MD on the ASDE test was 86% and 95%, respectively for concentrated attention and monotony resistance subtest. The UFOV test sensitivity was 88%, specificity 81%. For MCI, both tests showed a sensitivity and specificity lower than 70 %. According to the performance on the test only a half of the MCI group could drive. They showed different driving profiles according to MCI subtype. Neuropsychological tests showing the best correlations with performance on driving test were: Kohs' Block Design, Immediate Memory, Delayed Memory and TMT-A. CONCLUSIONS: a) People with MD should not drive; b) both ASDE and UFOV tests can detect driving difficulties in people with dementia; c) according to the UFOV and ASDE, half of those diagnosed of MCI should not drive; d) there are significant differences in memory test (RBANS) between Amnesic MCI patients who are able to drive and those who are not (according to ASDE/UFOV tests); e) there are significant differences in TMT-A between multiple functions MCI patients who are able to drive and those who are not (according to ASDE/UFOV tests), and f) the neuropsychological tests that correlate with the driving test were: Kohs' Block Design, Immediate Memory, Delayed Memory and TMT-A.

Discriminación de la valoración de la capacidad de conducción de vehículos en personas con diagnóstico de deterioro cognitivo ligero y demencia en los exámenes de conducción normalizados / Assessment of dementia of car driving habilities in patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia

El Deterioro Cognitivo Ligero (DCL) y la Demencia Leve pueden conllevar cambios cognitivos que afectan las capacidades instrumentales e influyen en la conducción segura. Algunas personas con alteraciones neuropsicológicas consideradas perjudiciales para una correcta conducción, habiendo superado recientemente las pruebas para la renovación del carné de conducir, continúan utilizando su vehículo con asiduidad. Sugerimos una batería neuropsicológica, de mínimos, que permita emitir un juicio clínico acerca de la seguridad de la conducción en pacientes con DCL y/o demencia. Se estudia el nivel de concordancia entre las pruebas especificas de conducción ASDE y UFOV. Muestra de población estudiada: 184 conductores: 92 DCL (edad: X=68,7; DS= 8,6), 55 Demencia Leve (edad: X=72,9; DS= 6,9) y 40 controles (edad: X=66,9; DS= 8,6), con similares características sociodemográficas. Se establecen puntos de corte para las pruebas ASDE y UFOV. Test ASDE (control vs demencia) en subtest RD muestra una sensibilidad: 86%, especificidad: 95%; TMRA2: sensibilidad: 93%, especificidad: 95%; R2: sensibilidad: 85%, esDepecificidad: 91%; R2: sensibilidad: 85%, especificidad: 91%. Test UFOV sensibilidad: 88% y especificidad: 81%. En el grupo de DCL muestra una baja sensibilidad y especificidad para ambas pruebas. Se presenta los índices de correlación entre pruebas neuropsicológicas mostrando diferencias entre sujetos de cada grupo según punto de corte de RD, TMR2, TMRA2 y RD2. Se aportan datos que sugieren la composición mínima de una batería neuropsicológica

MCI and Mild Dementia have cognitive changes that can affect instrumental capacities and influence driving safe. Some patients continue using their vehicle in spite of having been detected in them alterations in neuropsychological functions considered necessary for a correct driving and having recently overcome the tests for the renovation of the driving license. We suggest a neuropsychological battery that allows to emit a conclusion about the security of the driving in patient with MCI and/or dementia and to study the level of agreement among the driving tests ASDE and UFOV. We evaluated 184 drivers: 92 MCI (age: X=68,7; SD = 8,6) and 55 mild dementia (age: X=72,9; SD = 6,9) and 40 controls (age: X=66,9; SD = 8,6), matched up by age, educational level and gender. Cut-off settle down for the tests ASDE and UFOV. Test ASDE (control vs dementia) in subtest RD shows a sensibility: 86%, specificity: 95%; TMRA2: sensibility: 93%, specificity: 95%; R2: sensibility: 85%, specificity: 91%; R2: sensibility: 85%, specificity: 91%. Test UFOV sensibility: 88% and specificity: 81%. For the group of MCI it shows a low sensibility and specificity for both tests. The indexes of correlation are presented among neuropsychological tests showing differences among subjects of each group according to the point of cut of RD, TMR2, TMRA2 and RD2