Hufsiella ginkgonis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Hufsiella arboris sp. nov., isolated from tree barks.

Two Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, bacteria that formed pale-pinkish colonies, designated HMF7056T and HMF7647T were isolated from Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) and Korean cornel dogwood (Cornus offcinalis), respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of 16S rRNA genes and 92 core genes indicated that two strains represent novel species within the family Sphingobacteriaceae. HMF7056T and HMF7647T showed high 16S rRNA sequence similarities to Daejeonella lutea N7d-4T (93.9 % and 95.7 %, respectively). The genomes of HMF7056T and HMF7647T were 5.2 and 4.8 Mbp in size with 50.5 and 42.5 % DNA G+C contents, respectively. Menaquinone-7 was the main respiratory quinone. The predominant fatty acids of HMF7056T and HMF7647T were iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c). The major polar lipid of both strains was phosphatidylethanolamine. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values of HMF7056T, HMF7647T and related species were well below the threshold limit for species delineation (<68.9 and <20.8 %, respectively). The average amino acid identity values of HMF7056T, HMF7647T with related type strains were below 67.8 and 68.3 %, respectively. On the basis of the results of phenotypic and phylogenetic characterizations, the two strains are considered to represent members of a novel genus of the family Sphingobacteriaceae, for which the names Hufsiella ginkgonis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Hufsiella arboris sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are HMF7056T (=KCTC 72282T =NBRC 113964T) and HMF7647T (=KCTC 72283T =NBRC 113965T), respectively.

Deinococcus betulae sp. nov. and Deinococcus arboris sp. nov., novel bacteria isolated from bark of birch tree (Betula platyphylla).

Two reddish-coloured bacterial strains (HMF7604T and HMF7620T) were isolated from bark of birch tree (Betula platyphylla) together with two strains (designed as HMF7603 and HMF7618). Cells were observed to be Gram-stain-negative, oval- to short rod-shaped and non-motile. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the four isolates belonged to the genus Deinococcus, family Deinococcaceae. They had the highest similarities (95.4-95.6 %) to Deinococcus multiflagellatus ID1504T, with which they formed a clade in phylogenetic trees. Menaquinone-8 was the only respiratory quinone. The predominant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c), C15 : 1 ω6c, C17 : 0 and C16 : 0. Strain HMF7604T contained two unidentified phosphoglycolipids, nine unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified aminolipid, three unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified polar lipids, while strain HMF7620T contained one unidentified phosphoglycolipid, four unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified polar lipid. The DNA G+C contents of strains HMF7604T and HMF7620T were 65.6 and 65.7 mol%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the two isolates and their close relative D. multiflagellatus were 81.1-95.3 and 24.5-61.6 %, respectively. Based on the results of phenotypic and phylogenetic characterizations, the four isolates are considered to represent two novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the names Deinococcus betulae sp. nov. and Deinococcus arboris sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are HMF7604T (=KCTC 43354T=NBRC 115489T) and HMF7620T (=KCTC 43051T=NBRC 113959T).

Mucilaginibacter rivuli sp. nov., isolated from a water rivulet.

Strain HMF5004T was isolated from a rivulet located in Yongin, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HMF5004T belonged to the genus Mucilaginibacter. Strain HMF5004T was closely related to Mucilaginibacter paludis (97.7%) and Mucilaginibacter gracilis (97.2%). The values of average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization between strain HMF5004T and M. paludis were 72.8 and 19.2 %, respectively. Cells of strain HMF5004T were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. The DNA G+C content of strain HMF5004T was 42.4 mol%. Strain HMF5004T had menaquinone-7 as a major quinone. The major cellular fatty acids included iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c) and anteiso-C15 : 0. The polar lipids of strain HMF5004T contained phosphatidylethanolamine, five unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified aminophospholipid and four unidentified polar lipids. On the basis of the evidence presented in this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain HMF5004T is considered to represent a novel species for which the name Mucilaginibacter rivuli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HMF5004T (=KCTC 82633T=NBRC 115091T).

Fibrella aquatilis sp. nov., Fibrella rubiginis sp. nov. and Fibrella forsythiae sp. nov., isolated from freshwater, rusty iron and forsythia flower.

Three novel strains, designated as HMF5036T, HMF5335T and HMF5405T, were isolated from freshwater, rusty iron and forsythia flower, in Yong-in, Republic of Korea, respectively. They were Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, reddish-pigmented and rod-shaped bacteria. The predominant fatty acids of three strains were C16 : 1 ω5c and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c). They were found to contain MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified lipid. Strains HMF5036T, HMF5335T and HMF5405T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 91.8, 92.6 and 93.6 % to Fibrella aestuarina BUZ 2T and less than 88.7 % to other members of the family Spirosomaceae. Similarity values among the three isolates ranged from 94.9 to 96.6 %. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the three isolates revealed that they formed a distinct clade within the family Spirosomaceae. The genome sizes of strains HMF5036T, HMF5335T and HMF5405T were 6.8, 6.4 and 7.8 Mbp, and their DNA G+C contents were 54.9, 54.0 and 52.1 mol%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization and amino acid identity values between three isolates and F. aestuarina BUZ 2T were 73.8-82.2, 19.6-25.4 and 75.0-87.5 %, respectively. These values were lower than the recommended threshold values for species delimitation. Based on the results of the phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic investigations, three novel species, Fibrella aquatilis sp. nov., Fibrella rubiginis sp. nov. and Fibrella forsythiae sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are HMF5036T (=KCTC 82476T=NBRC 115092T), HMF5335T (=KCTC 82477T=NBRC 115093T) and HMF5405T (=KCTC 82478T=NBRC 115094T), respectively.

Hymenobacter ginkgonis sp. nov., isolated from bark of Ginkgo biloba.

Strain HMF4947T, isolated from the bark of a ginkgo tree, was a pale-pink coloured, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium. The isolate grew optimally on Reasoner's 2A agar at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and with 0 % NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HMF4947T belonged to the genus Hymenobacter and was most closely related to Hymenobacter metalli A2-91T (96.9 % sequence similarity) and Hymenobacter pomorum 9-2-1-1T (96.5 %). The average nucleotide identity and estimated DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain HMF4947T and Hymenobacter arizonensis DSM 17870T were 74.3 and 20.5 %, respectively. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω5c. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7. The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminoglycolipid, three unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified phospholipid, three unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified glycolipids and three unidentified polar lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 59.3 mol%. Thus, based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain HMF4947T represents a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter ginkgonis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is strain HMF4947T (=KCTC 72780T=NBRC 114271T).

Mucilaginibacter aquatilis sp. nov., Mucilaginibacter arboris sp. nov., and Mucilaginibacter ginkgonis sp. nov., novel bacteria isolated from freshwater and tree bark.

Three Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated as HME9299T, HMF7410T and HMF7856T, were isolated from freshwater and tree bark collected in Yong-in, Republic of Korea. Strains HME9299T, HMF7410T and HMF7856T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.2, 94.4 and 96.4 % to Mucilaginibacter daejeonensis Jip 10T, Mucilaginibacter terrae CCM 8645T and Mucilaginibacter phyllosphaerae PP-F2F-G21T, respectively. Among themselves, the values were 94.1-95.7 %. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the three isolates revealed that they belonged to the genus Mucilaginibacter within the family Sphingobacteriaceae. The predominant fatty acids of three strains were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c) and iso-C15 : 0. Strain HME9299T contained a relatively large amount of C16 : 1 ω5c. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7. The genome sizes of strains HME9299T, HMF7410T and HMF7856T were 4.33, 4.16 and 3.68 Mbp, respectively, and their DNA G+C contents were 41.6, 38.4 and 43.9 mol%, respectively. Based on the results of the phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic investigation, three novel species, Mucilaginibacter aquatilis sp. nov, Mucilaginibacter arboris sp. nov. and Mucilaginibacter ginkgonis sp. nov., are proposed. The type strains are HME9299T (=KCTC 42122T=DSM 29146T), HMF7410T (=KCTC 62464T=NBRC 113227T) and HMF7856T (=KCTC 72782T=NBRC 114275T), respectively.