[Functional activity of peripheral blood neutrophils of rats during combined effects of hypoxia, hypercapnia and cooling]. / Funktsional'naia aktivnost' neitrofilov perifericheskoi krovi krys pri sochetannom deistvii gipoksii, giperkapnii i okhlazhdeniia.

Functional activity of neutrophilic leukocytes was studied in blood of rats immediately following single and repeated gradual increase in carbon dioxide and decrease in oxygen concentrations with the ambient temperature at 2 to 3 degrees C. Phagocytic activity was shown to alter as the number of phagocytic neutrophilic granulocytes, absorptivity or the phagocytic index, and the coefficient of phagocytosis completeness were elevated and levels of oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent metabolism were reduced.

[Changes in the brain neuraminidase activity under the action of tsiklozil and amizil]. / Izmenenie aktivnosti neiraminidaz golovnogo mozga pri deistvii tsiklozila i amizila.

The effect of cyclozyl and amizyl on the activity of soluble and membrane-bound neuraminidase of the rat brain is studied in the in vivo and in vitro experiments. Within 60 min after subcutaneous injection of cyclozyl in a dose of 0.5 microgram/kg of body weight the activity of soluble neuraminidase decreased by 45.5% whereas the activity of membrane-bound neuraminidase remained the same. In the experiments in vitro the activity of both enzyme forms did not change when the content of cyclozyl and mixture of general gangliosides in the incubation media was 2.0, 20.0, and 200.0 micrograms. Amizyl (2 micrograms) in the presence of general gangliosides increased the neuraminidase activity whereas in the presence of disialoganglioside GD1b reduced the activity. Various lipids (phospholipids, phospholipids + cholesterol, cerebroside + sulfatides) surrounding the enzyme exerted different effect on the activity of both neuraminidase forms. Thus we suggest active interaction of the system "gangliosides-soluble and membrane-bound neuraminidase" with M-cholinolytics (cyclozyl and amizyl) and important role of this "substate-enzyme" system in M-cholinoreceptor functioning.

[The unknown physiological role of carbon dioxide]. / O neizvestnoi fiziologicheskoi roli uglekisloty.

In rats adapted to hypoxia, in gradual increase of CO and decrease in monosialogangliosides, were shown as well as insufficient accumulation of the lipid peroxidation products. The data suggests that carbon dioxide is a natural element of the organism antioxidant defence system.

[Rat brain gangliosides under the combined effect of hypercapnia, hypoxia and hypothermia]. / Gangliozidy golovnogo mozga krys pri sochetannom vozdeistvii giperkapnii, gipoksii i gipotermii.

The paper deals with the content and composition of brain gangliosides under two forms of acute hypoxia, hypoxic and hemic ones which develop as a result of the effect of gradually increasing concentration of CO2, decreasing concentration of O2 and external cooling (1st form) and parenteral introduction of sodium nitrite (2nd form). The increase of a sum of polysialogangliosides and decrease of monosialogangliosides under the 1st and 2nd forms of acute hypoxia, respectively, is shown. The increase of the content of unsaturated fatty acids and fatty acids with the great number of carbon atoms as well as the products of lipids peroxidation is more expressed under the 2nd form of hypoxia. The decrease of antioxidative power of blood is also noticed. It is supposed that polysialogangliosides possess antiperoxide effect and preserve neuronal membranes for destruction under acute form of hypoxia.

[Protective effect of sodium bicarbonate in nitrite ion poisoning]. / Zashchitnoe deistvie bikarbonata natriia pri intoksikatsii nitrit-ionom.

It is shown that sodium bicarbonate effectively protects the organism from toxical action of sodium nitrite. Administration of this drug promotes the increase of the lifetime of animals under intoxication with lethal doses of sodium nitrite. The preliminary administration of sodium bicarbonate permits one to decrease the level of methemoglobin in the blood under intoxication with sublethal doses of sodium nitrite, to normalize activity of the basic enzymes of antioxidant protection--superoxide dismutase, catalase glutathione reductase as well as the total activity of dehydrogenases of pentose phosphate way. Under the protection with sodium bicarbonate the level of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes decreases, the increment of content of the restored glutathione in response to sodium nitrite intoxication decreases.

[Effect of nitrobenzenes on methemoglobin formation and activity of antioxidative enzymes in mouse erythrocytes]. / Vliianie nitrobenzolov na metgemoglobinoobrazovanie i aktivnost' antiokislitel'nykh fermentov éritrotsitov myshi.

The mice intoxication with intraperitoneal introduction of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene causes an increase of methemoglobin and a decrease of glutathione level. But intoxication by polynitrobenzenes exerts no effect on the total level of SH-groups. A small increase in total activity of dehydrogenases of the pentose phosphate way in response to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene intoxication is also revealed. The level of both lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity is not influenced by 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene.

[Effect of alpha-halogen-alpha-nitroalkanes on methemoglobin formation and activity of antioxidant enzymes in mouse erythrocytes]. / Vliianie alpha-galogen-alpha-nitroalkanov na methemoglobinoobrazovanie i aktivnost' antiokislitel'nykh fermentov éritrotsitov myshi.

It is shown that 1-chlorine, 1-bromine and 1-iodine-nitroethanes intensify methemoglobin formation in vivo. Such an effect was not revealed for 1-fluorine-1-nitroethane. Change of biochemical parameters of erythrocytes under intoxication by alpha-halogen nitroalkanes in a dose LD50 with the exception for 1-fluorine-1-nitroethane is rather identical with that under the intoxication by soda nitrite which is connected with the generality of reaction mechanism of soda nitrite and alpha-halogen-alpha-nitroalkanes with hemoglobin. Thus the administration of alpha-halogen-alpha-nitroalkanes to laboratory animals leads to the increase of the total activity of dehydrogenases of pentose phosphate way and glutathione reductase of erythrocytes (on the example of 1-iodine-1-nitroethane), the increase of lipoperoxidation (on the example of 1-bromine-1-nitroethane), the decrease of catalase activity. Absence of the inhibition of superoxide dismutase activity was found under the intoxication by all the mentioned drugs. The increase of activity of glutathione reductase of erythrocytes (on the example of (1-iodine-1-nitroethane) under intoxication with alpha-halogen-alpha-alkanes in contrast to intoxication by soda nitrite is explained by some differences of mechanisms of hemoglobin interaction with soda nitrite and alpha-halogen-alpha-nitroalkanes.

[Effect of sodium nitrite poisoning on the activity of enzymes of anti-oxidant protection and peroxidation processes in mouse erythrocytes]. / Vliianie intoksikatsii nitritom natriia na aktivnost' fermentov antioksidantnoi zashchity i protsessy peroksidatsii v éritrotsitakh myshi.

The intoxication of white mice with sodium nitrite results in the decrease of red cell superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity. The glutathione peroxidase activity is the same as in the control group. The level of red cell lipid peroxidation in the group of mice that receive sodium nitrite is higher as compared to the control group. After the intoxication the total activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and dehydrogenase of 6-phosphogluconate as well as the activity of glutathione reductase are higher than in the control group. The level of SH-groups and reduced glutathione is higher in the group of mice that receive sodium nitrite in comparison with the control group.

[Role of CO2 fixation in increasing the body's resistance to acute hypoxia]. / Rol' fiksatsii CO2 v povyshenii ustoichivosti organizma k ostroi gipoksii.

In rats, the phenomenon of considerable increase in resistance to acute hypoxia observed after 2-hour stay under conditions of gradually increasing concentration of CO2, decreasing concentration of O2, ANd external cooling at 2--3 degrees seems to be based mainly on changes in concentration of CO2 (ACCORDINGLY, PCO2 and other forms of CO2 in the blood). The high resistance to acute hypoxia develops as well after subcutaneous or i.v. administration of 1.0 ml of water solution (169.2 mg/200 g) NaHCO2, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4, MnSO4, and ZnSO4 (in proportion: 35 : 5 : 2 : 0.15 : 0.15, resp.) or after 1-hour effect of increased hypercapnia and hypoxia without cooling.

[Role of tissue glycolysis in combined exposure to hypercapnia, hypoxia and hypothermia]. / Znachenie glikoliza v tkaniakh pri sochetannom vozdeistvii giperkapnii, gipoksii i gipotermii.

The amount of metabolites of the glycolytic way of carbohydrates transformation and the enzymatic activity were studied in the tissues of brain, myocardium, liver, skeletal muscles, and the blood serum of rats subjected to cooling in conditions of gradually increasing concentrations of CO2 and decreasing concentrations of O2. Single as well as repeated actions of these factors entailed changes of the substrates under study and of some enzymatic activity which revealed a moderate intensification of the glycolysis within the general rearrangement of metabolism during adaptation to sharp hypoxia under the above conditions.

[Content of adenine nucleotides and creatinephosphate in brain, myocardium, liver and skeletal muscle under combined action of hypercapnia, hypoxia and cooling]. / Soderzhanie adenilovykh nukleotidov i kreatinfosfata v tkaniakh golovnogo mozta, miokarda, pecheni i skeletnykh myshts pri sovmestnom vozdeistvii giperkapniei gipoksiei i okhlazhdeniem.

Cooling of rats under conditions of hypercapina and hypoxia induced no changes in the content of adenine nucleotides in the brain and skeletal muscles and decreased their concentration in the liver and myocardium. The content of creatine phosphate increased in the brain, but had no changes in the other tissues. 48 hours after cooling the amount of adenine nucleotides in the brain was higher as compared with the initial values, that was due to an increase in the ATP concentration; in the other tissues the contents of adenine nucleotides did not differ from that of the intact rats. The repeated action (48 hours after the first influences) caused no changes in the contents of adenine nucleotides in skeletal muscles and decreased them in the myocardium and liver. In the brain their amount and the content of creatinephosphate were increased as related to the intact rats. In the brain and myocardium the level of NADPH decreased after the first action and 48 hours after impact it restored up to the inital values. After repeated impact the level of NADPH in the brain restored up to initial values, in the myocardium it was increased.

[Character of metabolism and regulating role of cholinoreactive tissue systems during hypercapnia, hypoxia and cooling]. / Kharakter metabolizma i reguliruiushchaia rol' kholinoreaktivnykh sistem tkanei pri vozdeistvii giperkapnii, gipoksii i okhlazhdeniia.

The content of the free fatty acids, ketone bodies, total glycogen, glucose, adrenaline and noradrenaline and morpho-histochemical picture of the tissues of neuro-endocrinal system (hypophysis and adrenal) in the brain, heart, liver, skeletal muscles and blood of the white non-linear rats, were studied 2-3 min adaptation to complex atmosphere changes: gradual increase of the CO2, decrease of the O2, and cooling (in the condition of deep hypothermia the rectal temperature was--RT--19.1 +/- 0.1 degrees C). The same parameters were studied in 48 hrs after the same training (at normothermia) and in 2-3 min. after the same repeated training in 48 hrs after the first one, at RT--20.2 +/- 0.1 degrees C. The fluctuating character of the metabolism and of the regulating systems was shown.

[Changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in rat tissues under combined effect of hypercapnia, hypoxia and cooling]. / Izmeneniia Zhirovogo i uglevodnogo obmenov v tkaniakh krys pri sochetannom vozdeistvii giperkapniei, gipoksiei i okhlazhdeniem.

The cooling of rats under conditions of hypercapnia and hypoxia during the first 15 minutes increases the contents of free fatty acids, acetoacetate and beta-oxybutyrate in the tissues of the brain, myocardium, liver, skeletal muscles and blood and decreases them by the end of the effect (120 min later) down to the initial values, in the liver and skeletal muscles tissues the content of the mentioned intermediates falls lower the initial values. In the carbohydrate metabolism the amount of phosphoenolpyruvate 15 and 120 min after the action beginning and the amount of malate in the myocardium and brain at the end of the experiment increase to a different extent; the content of lactate rises only in the brain 30 and 120 min after the beginning of cooling. In the rat venous blood the value of pCO2 increases up to 71.8+/-6.0 mm Hg, the total content of CO2 rises, the values of the standard bicarbonates decrease and the pH value drops sharply down to 6.98+/-0.03. It is suggested that one of the main reasons of such changes in metabolism is development of hypercapnia state and acidosis and the resulted increase in intensity of the carboxylation processes in the tissues.

[Glycogenolysis indices in the skeletal muscles of rats with experimental rickets]. / Nekotorye pokazateli glikogenoliza v skeletnykh myshtsakh krys pre éksperimenatl'nom rakhite

Content of glycogen and lactic acid was decreased in sceletal muscles of growing male rats during the acute periof of experimental rachitis. In developing rachitis an increase in locomotions, maintained during the experimental period, fostered the normalization of these patterns.